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2 һ

     κ۸۾ͱһš
һըڶߣװʲô
⵱һߵüѪŵأ泯죬ʼ룺߱棬ӲС
κѾ֪û˵ˣοôĽͷۻһĹѼɤ˶лصҲ룬ס˭ҵĵءԵ˭ҵס˭ҵǮ㼸ôˣ͸öҵģ
ţܴ䵹ˤҵصѵ֮Σκ۵˫۲ŽУһ谵ݶһüҵ鷢̵Ϸĭɣ㻹ȥ״Ϊȥ棬Ϊ˻Ϊ
һΧģ׳ӣˣ
Ѽɤôô죿
͵ӣûж١
ѼɤΪ⣬תκۣʳָ޲ðıӴеȥ״װ˭˭ϡЩֽͭƬƵģҶҸɾˣʲô״ȥҺ˲𣿻һɥȮһ˸ϻ
κ۰˼
Ŷ꣬Ĳװ
˭
ģ
ʲôʱɹ£
ѼɤҲˣҲˣʹҡȥˤŸˣۣ
ӦǡԶˣⶼκ۱Ȼ֫岻ʹ˻ȥֻ÷˸İĻǽ壬ͷۻ
һһ汻صͭκ˳һһŰ׵ó׳ھУ첻ҲԳƵһһңֻҪһʺĳ࣬Ǹ
κе޷ܵӿӣһĨĨһְ׷ۡ
ң岢ò棬ֻƷζ档һˣȻͿ֬죬ؼǻͿ֮
ܴһ˵ע⵽һԲ󡣻ɺ죬Բβ棬ƺѪΪýֻͣʪɢлһЩŤҵģȥµͼκа͸ɭκۺôҲ˽ôаħʦ֮ĳƺţһ֪ʲôö󷨣Ȼָơ
Ƕ˱˵ᡪǱˣ
ᡱıһ䣬ʩԲУϸ˿ڣԼѪ󷨺ģڻ룬׸а顢ǹڴΪۣٻһλʮааԼԸ롰ᡱȻ෴ġᡱǶõĽֻǺûǰʵúܻӭϾԸǿҵһĸԸ׳ԼһУʵʩʧصӣ֤ɿǧˣ˵ԸһⶼǸԲѪȵķʽΪʵԸ
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ôͱֳɡʮаˣ
˵ǱȽϲ״ַǳңһҷؾҲһֵĹ»Ұ
ɼֵǣʩԸΪȵģٲ϶ˣĬ˫ԼΪʩʵԸͻᷴɣ߽Ԫó
κ۳´־ֲ쿴Ȼ󶼽˺ۡ˿ڵѪֹסκЩͨˣΪԸЩ˿ڱ޷ϡϵԽԽأޣͻý˴ر˺ѡ
ȷκ˵ʮдǿǽ
ӴǴȴյֺᣬޱ֪ûлϴˣɢһùζǽһֻ¨ӷģűߵֽءκۼֽƺīۣʰһֻչһȻд֡æѵֽŶռ
ֽϵӦ˿֮ʱдйĶЩ״Ρģǽ͸Ťּ͸ֽκһſԽԽǾã̫Ծ
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Ī⹫Ǳش󻧣˶ϡ޶ڿҸŶҲֻŮŮ䲢δἰŮҷе׸ŮòڣȴǼūԭĪҴ޳ȥ˭֪ʮʱһλ·˵أһģ˰Īׯ˽֮أһĪӵһӣĪˡ
ĪׯԭΪݵģʱ˳ɣʵǱ֮ˣض߹ʱʱЯլһңȻͬˡǵĪԴΪ٣ҲĽ
Ȼþλ̰һʱʴҰʳûˣĴԽԽ١Ī֮󣬾Ҳû
⼸ĪׯĿڷֱˣԭȵĲݺͼػأ˴ŲмĪȻʣȴλӲŲʡȻĪ𳤵ʮʱǼˣ֣صؽ˻ȥ
ĪӵͷˣȻܸȥһɨǰü˱㽾ӽһסɻڴҫ档ǣĪׯ˵۷׷ף̬ת䡣
ȻδȵĪгɡ̳׵ļҵͱ˻
Ǳѿظ˻ΪĪǸ䣬ɧžͬţ±ͱƣټƽƽΪҲûڼеˡ
ѩϼ˪ǣĪ֪ʲô̼֮˶ģʱʱƺɵˡ
κüë¡
ҲͰˣǷӡѹ֬ͿϵүѹֵôһѪ󷨸ղҲû˾òԾֻĪӴӵשǽڵͿѪڱ˿Ҳֲ֡Ϊ˶֪в
Īϼ֮󣬳ǵضΣƺҲûתˡĪӳִܲһڶؿڳҭˡ
ʱĪ⹫ѹȥĪƼҡλĪ˴ŴСãõ˽Ӹۡһ磬ǸղŽϴٵǸĪԨĪ𱻷ʱĪԾôҲܸųһݹϵָ˵ʹӴŰĪԨҲȥɡȻܾˣ˵ˡ
ϻֲײ˿ּۻۣһһţ
Ҳ֪ţһֵ뷨ĪԨ϶ɹǡʣȥһᱻɼʶôĪʱĪԨȻСС޵ͷҲԴŲɣͷĪһͨԼ·ȴЩŴķ׭ҩС֣ȫԼ֮þðͲĪȻʱȴҲ֪Լڱ裬̣ĪԨȴ䱾ӰաĪ޿̵̸ĸǰͰ͸һ״ǣĪԨˡ
ֽСܣκۿۣĵʲôӡѹĪҲҪаΪԼ
˾Ϳʼͷۡ˵ʱʩҪĬԸΪٻа飬κӦÿϸҪ󡣿Ī͵͵ժ¼Ĳбѧòȫ©һȻκ۲³뱨Īˣôʲô̶ȣرߵĶŹĪˣ
ǡţ
ŰɣϾֻҪ磬֪κõЩʣ壬ɥĲ񣬻бϡɷѡ𣿼ȻҵٻȻʲô״򷢵Ը
κεҴ˰              

3 Ұڶ

     ϴհһλݣȻûˮȵϴĶûС
Ψһ״κ۲²Ӧǳãϴá
ţ߱סˣȥܡ
ûһ΢ܵϲã
ȴһӦᡣһһ졣ʱŷ촰϶©СȻߣȴͷۻתκ֣ĪΪ͵ǵԺԲƣûҼԦô㲻ʹ
ֱд죬׸Ϊ£ֻ߲ٹȵ˶ѡٲȥʳ˵ҪΪʷͷһλձ̻а
κ̧ţ׼ŶͻȻһŲţͷصԷˣ
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Ǽֵģĥʲô˰ó
СŸȹСһЩ˳룬ȴܰýһκ۽˽׷ӣΪ˸У
ط˼䣬ͱһųһͨӷϴĵһ٣ֲиʣȷѪأȮأأ˵ȥ˭šǻƽȮۣǳˮϺϷëķ˲缦
ʱֳˣȴЦ绻һˣ
һŮԶԶӦͯǸͷ
ͯȻԺʲô
࣬ǰһֻһηʱʱ͵Ҳû˵㣬ô㻹ӻ㿴ңȥҲС
ͯԹֲֻͷ㻹ҳȥ棿ôʬ˭ҲǰŹصʵʵ
κ۶׵ؿţ̲һĿӣ߳Ա
Īׯ̫ƽʬ֣Ϊ·ˣһֽΪ͵ҲʮֳʬߡһĿͣ߻ɱǿҲƽ˵µˣǹɸ͹һ
Ȼκ۶ԣʹҲ˳ӵĿܣէȻЩС
ͯƺڼüŪۣҪȥǴңұ㡭㣿ңţģѵ㻹ܴЩɣͯ㬵ҴˣҲˡЦô֪˲ܴˣҸ㣬ѾʹߵĪׯˣ˵Ǹ˲õԺңк˶ΧſϡءǲǺܳûո֣˵Ҫ֧ʹˡ
κһȻ˼Ƭ̣һߣšˡ
üȥ˵ЦͻȻߵŵСκӿ̵꣬߳úһۣƤҲ΢ʹУִüңĿƬ̡
ͯŽеñȰ⣬һ˿۵ķӣִˣԾҪظղʧӣȥ⹷һر߻ֱ߳ȥȥȥʲô
ǶԴؤǲӬҲѿˡЩ͹ƽʱôĪģҲӲ޼ɵκһŰѰͯ˸ЦΪ˭ء
꣬˳ȥԺΧŲˣκһŲȽԺӣи˸߳һصǼиСҲǸԵġ
϶Ī뷽跨ǣŴˡκ۲˵꣬æȺãҵػֵˣ⣡
һ긾ˣõŹĪˣĲ׸ɷ򡣶żİꡣȺ֮ͻȻðһͷĹˣȻֹκȴ·͵ĳȻ`ղ˭ңԵģǿɲ𣡡
Ĩ̫࣬һЦѣ䡣һꡰۡЩЦˣһƺΪ׵겻ͬؿһۣɫ
κѭһɨԳһΪûʶļͿʣ˭֪ľȻǡԺռ塱ӵܡ
⼸ӯƮȻΪۣУһƾ֪ǴӹġѪͳ׾ӵܣΪǶ϶һһָľưĨ
ϼѵΪĨҡҼơڴʿĨûмƵġκۼҵ˾ۣϱӳУǡТ˾ϴ
ĪδֶӣһŴӾлϳŨױĨ֮ˣգ̷ֲʧ̬ѹɤӳɷ˭ģŪȥ
ɷæЦӦһҪˣκȴͻȻɵ˵ϣ֫ס棬ƴ϶ק˼ͽҲ޲ҪǰýˡĪɫԽԽѿҲͷ󺹣ӣٲȥôʰ㣡
ȻĪׯ˽֪Īи˷財ĹӣĪﲻҼˣױݾֹħһ㣬˽ֻûкϷ
κ۵ҪһȥҲСֱָĪԨȰ͵ҵĶ
ĪԨûϵӣűѵ컹ͱ˵˵ʲôʱ͵Ķһõ͵Ķ
κ۵ԶԶԣû͵
ĪƳˣĪбѵúܣҪǶˣ̲ס־ֺޣǴµģǲǣ
κãȻ͵ҵĶֻأҲ𣿡
Īδ𻰣ĪԨȴˣһžҪߡһİ΢ָĪԨ²ȣŲ˸飬ԼˤˡκȴһȦ·ı߷Ƶģ½ؿľ챻ĪԨ߳Ǹӡ
ĪׯǿϷýζѣӡܲĪԼߵģô˵ҲĪҵѪҲ̫ˣջʱûô˳ǱԽԽġô˵ֿˣ򲻵ǣǱʹÿ
ô˫˫۾ţ򲻵ָϲߣĪһڶںУֻǿԲصʲô͵ʲô˵Լ˺ԼˣǽˡԨĵܵܣ㼸ôˣΪֳѵСһС»СƢЦֲǲ㡣
ǼһЩǺڹϳӵܣĿȾѩ·绨Լû־磬ûȸ߼ǳ˼ʶκпЦֵ㻹ɡ
ĪԨȻӵӡĲˣܻҲĻɫؽһɫң
Ī˵һۣҪѳԽѿ˭֪κֵ˵ⲻ͵ҵĶҹȥ͵˭֪ӿϲ˵ģ֪һ֪ء
Ī˵һ׸ǰ˵ʲôǲҪԨܣ
ҰκһѺ֡ǰҲҪù˼棬˼˵ûҽ̣ǸӣҪʲôֱñˣôʹôŲֱ׳֪Լұܻӣ˭ҪԼҪˣɱҵףһҪҸ˵ģ
ĪԨһӾҡκۼըˣһµͶ㡣ҵɢ˼ܣΧŵ˵ԭֻĪҶ˶ˣһɢһСĹ˲ʡκ۱Ǽ˵ȥµ˰ɣ˰ɣ͵Ļˣɥ
ĪԨҪ׷ȥ˴Ϊæλл˵
Ī˼ҪӣмɵǿЦӵĶӣЩʹĪׯ˶֪Ǹӣ˵Щֻܵġʦǧ򡭡δ䣬κ۴걳̽ͷ˭˵ҵĻܵ棿˭͵ҵĶһԣ͵һҿһֻ֣
ĪԨԭװסˣһҪκһش˳ȥæſڣתƻ⣬˵£ǸǽԺһáǰ˵ǧסԺ󣬽ŻҪٳ߶ҪǼԺӡ
Ī÷סҲƿֻõǣǣͣ͡
ĪԨŵ裡Ƿǰңôˣ˵ģ˵Ǹ
Ī˺ȵ졣ʲôܻȥ˵
ĪԨûгԹĿûĸķߺޣӽˣ
κ۷˴ţĪׯͷ¶һȦ·ȴУʼᵽΪһӵȤԼĵױҲЩ᲻ϴˣĵҲûˮǾͱϴˡͷһƳ˺ûκεתļ󡣼˵Īһͨ΢ıԶԶ
ѲɻҪĪҵţ
ʵ˵Ҳʲô¡
κһѰ˼һ߻λĪҡС鲽Ժʱ򣬼ǼӵվݶǽϣȻʲôֵС鲽˻Ͱ͵̧ͷǡ
ȻΧйһݴͷʱЩСҪôûҪôż꣬ǵ£κ۱פΧۣδſţȻе㲻Ծ
ôǼݶǽӭչĺ죬ô죿
С족ĳϣһΧڵ顢ԩꡢʬаȥֻˡڱ߷·˻İӣֳơ족ҲԲ巿ӣлˣôΧͻˡΪ촦һƣ·ڷҲڷ족ЩԺ󣬲˲ÿȻ뽫ʬ˴һ򾡡
Ϊʲô졭ܲߣ氡
ŰټʹɱĶȴòġ
һվϵĵӼΧۣȥɣﲻĵط
ȻϣȴǺ⣬ҲЩʹΪͬκ۳䲻һժһֻӡ
Ӵ󾪣ǽȥ׷ҶⲻõĶ
κ۱ܱ£ͷɢ㵸ǸʮķӣҪҪ
׷첲Ҵˣ
κ۱֣Ϊ׵걾ڲ󣬱߾ˣҲƮƮԾǣˣúûǣαظƽϡ
ǵ˼׷û㿴Ūһ㣡
䣬κѸټ졣λȷҲȱ޴©ʹòвءֻǻ˾鲻㣬ֻ֮ڵаʬҲˡ
˼׷΢ЦĪӣˣҪץʬˣҹΣգ㻹ǿȥɡ
κ۴һ˹ţǱףǳǳЦǿʮֵúȲʵĺӣõþҽҲ治ֹ֪ŰѵĿµط˭ܴĺ󱲡
˼׷ֵ졭
˵꣬κ۱ӵϣߵһӶѣʲô˲һıǺöˣ
ȾܣݶϿֵԲѣЦЩϵҲЦˣĻңǸӣ
˼׷ô˵æɡ
κͷֺеػȦϲŻλĪǼСԺӡѶϣǽʰ粻ڵϼ˿ɾĵط
˭֪һûڤ״̬˳
һҵĽŲſ޺šѸٿκ仰ظȥֱϳ٣ʲô٣ͷ
ۣѴ˽Ժӻͨ˸еɱ˵ķȥã


4 Ұڶ 2

     κ۵һͷǣĪǼ겼˲
ĶʹвҲΪʲô֮ǰȥȷĻǷԼ˫ʱκֱͦͦıϣҲʡԼˡϵãò֣˾ȰĪׯǾۼڴʱ٣еļ׾춼ˣеĻ¡ᷢɫ̿֡Ī̱ϣ·մӻ̼ۣۿˮȻκһϽ̻Թ⡣
һεĶðײţֻ¶һͷ˼׷Ǽɫأڸ鿴̸©κ۶У
ʱ䲻һ㣿
ոƷʬǴԺԺϣʬϡ
ĪԨκɨһۣ̲סֶ࿴ۡ
ʬĪԨֲĪԨȻٶǱ˱ܵģݣۿͻ𣬲ƤͰ͵ģԭഺٵĪԨһȣ·˶ʮꡣַ·Ѫ⣬һ߸żһƤĹǼܡ˵ԭȵĪԨֻǳôʬֳ
κϸһĪͻȻ˹ﺮ֣һذס˼׷ۼֿ콫֮䣬δڣĪ˱еҶҪѩޣʲô
κֶ㵽˼׷󣬶ŵӲʲôϵ
˼׷ڶÿκһִͨ˿ٹλ˽ͼӴ׵Ĵţв֮ʮͬ飬̲סΪ˵Īˣʬ״Ѫ⾫ʳΪаɱӦòġ
Īؿ֪ʲôӵĵɵģҲ϶ѧа
˼׷ͷ״Ƴմκһۣ⣬˲֤ݣǡ
֤ݾҶϣĪָʬ壺ԼԨʬѾңɱ˭
˶֣κһƣײͷƵšĪԨʬϣһ
һۣԼ£ɣ
Ī˵𣿽Ҳ˰ɣ˵ʲô˵ǰԨĶͰѰԨֱۿ
ʵֻҵİԨûκζݣɥĲ
ɥĲ
ûԼˣСκָָԼԶԡҲ֪вĪвҪŷʬѪƯ֮ĺݻʱû˵ʱҲ˵˵ѡ˵ͳư԰ټˡĪ˸ҪӱѩޣֻҪҸйԹ
κ۲һ˼쵽ĪԨѣͳһչһһ졣
ɲǼ䣬ѩɻ
˼׷˼ĪԨóĶҲ˾ô¡ǳ־磬ǰѲ£ĪԨ챻Īһٷӣ޼ˣĪȴܵһΣ첻ӰĪԨҹȥʱֽѵ
ɵȵҹ͵͵ţ·Ժȴ˲ǽϵ졣ȻǧҹʱֲȥԺɶЩ죬ĪԨȴΪֻ±͵ȥϡķŹţ֪ĹЧж಻飬һڻ˾ͱһСֽŹɾ͵ӱķ׭͵񫣬ͣŪֲɣӵԺշʬժһֻ
һʹ죬涼ԺǼΪŲ֪ŷĪԨȻֻ͵һ棬ȴûκηаȻᱻȥֻʬҲˣǸҧϼڣһʱҲˣܾȡɣ֮У˱ʬµĶⲻаɱĪԨȥһֱֻۣ
κ۾󣬹Ȼֵ˺۶ˡԼѾĪԨ֮ĬΪĹˡϾԭκš
Ī˶ԼӵһЩСë֪ȴϳĪԨ֮ҵģһʱֽģץһֻյκͷȥҪ쵱ô˵ҹȥ𣿶Ұֺģ
κзһ㡣Īֳ˼׷е㣡ȺûõĶʲôɳʲôаӶãԨʮ갡
⼸СųûΣδ˵쳣û뵽ײеаԭ©ĸǸΣĪ˲һͨɫ΢࣬Ͼ壬û˸Դǡϼҽ̼ϣɻֵͨ˶֣ʧ񶼲Ув죬Ҳǿѹ£ɫѿ
κȴȥˣ룺ôˣҾȻôԣҪƺﲻԼҵģ
ءޡһΪ˭ѱ˵Լūˣ˼ǧħĲȡǷˣʮ߸˰ɣǸӡĺӻ˻ûҪκζҪԺҹ͵ң
ǵһɫ㲻ٱ÷ˡĪԹһ֡ԼȥӣҪ˶ǰ⼸ˡ¶ָʹɷ˶н
ɷȴľľģ֪ǲǶ̫֮󣬾ȻһѡĪ䲻Ƶڵأôˡ
ҪĪֻҪһհˣȻһ֣
ڼͶɫŻˣ߶·ĪĿڣ㡭㡭Ҳҹȥ
ɷδţ尢ͯʹ˺üɫͯæߣҲκۼڰˣ׼쿴ʬ壬ȴûۣһ߿ļдԺɱ
һӿֻԺĵϣڳ鴤һ̱İͯǻġһصģѪ·𶼱ͿգͰ͵ؿˣһѾûˣ˿ѪʬΣĪԨһģһ
Ī˸˦ĲһصǾʬ壬ֱֱû˹ȥκǡվӷһѣǰİٿ֣˺Ҳûˡ
ſżû߳ԺĪ˵ɷ˲Ϣ֮䡣˼׷ǵҲЩɫס˼׷׷̱İͯûпʲô
ͯŻˣض򲻿ʲһ䣬ֻǲסҡͷ˼׷ļ٣ͬŰתǣźŷ𣿡
ǵźŷˣ⸽ûǰ֧Ԯǰǵ˿ҲҪʱܸϹڸô죿ʲô֪
Ȼǲߵģ˭ӵаʱֻԼߣ嶪ԼҲڼˡЩŻĪҲܸߣΪаͻм䣬Ҳûá˼׷ҧţ
ѷѶţٹþͻʿϵ֧Ԯ¶ˣκӦ˱ܡ˲ʶãǸպ˸ߴܵģôǿɲ˵
û뿪ĪׯұĶôʱ֮ײзǱѰκ־ߣ֧Ԯ˸ϵҲĪׯѺһһ۵ʬף滹мϵ׾ӵܡ
˼Ƭ̣κĵսپ                        


5 Ұڶ 3

     ǱߵļҲǳé®ɫţȴϸŷλסĪլ׭Ͱͯѱ̧У˼׷Ī˵ıģ߶βͷöͯȻӵ
ĵͯˣ
ûü¶ϲɫͼ̧֣ͯסԼĲӡ
״˼׷Ѩ¡κ֪ǵļҵȻ˹ģɰҲ˹ģķ˭ҲҪ̶ˣͯȴ֪ԽԽҲԽԽʹȥ֣һ˿Ƭ̣һͯͷᴹ£ɿǣѾˡ
ȻĿ֮£ԼԼˣ
ΣһֻĹðͯԼˣ
ɤϸëȻˡκ۵жȴǡǡ෴
Щѡķ׭ǳ࣬ÿνܲ͸磬붫ãԶճ̻𣬶һ޶
ȺСѷӦʵײСŶڡһϸĹ涨׼ÿɱһˡ£ѾԹΪ׼κ۶ģڻáӦ࣬ɱһ˱ƵⶫȴɱˣҼʱ̣֮³ʿҲӦ֮ߣοֻȺճС
ô룬һϮԺӺͶеĵϨˡ
ɲǣ˷ŮŮˤӡǺȵԭվãҪܣ˭ץ˭
⵹ΣðҡˮаԣԽǿ޽֣Խ֪ʱ䵥ţΣաκθ⣬ô塢ýƬ̣ñ㰲΢ĺϸ΢ĳѾʣˡ
ڰУһȻ˼׷ȼһ
Ļ治ᱻЮа紵ϨŷµȼʣµļȥˡŻ⣬κ۲⿴˿һ˺ˡ
һȴȻ˺۵Ŀԡ
ԭֻ󣬸˺ۡĪԨһϣĪԨһͰͯһӦ˺ϣֻʣһۼҲ˿ڡ
ϣտҲһҲʣˡ
κţĪĸ϶ٲĪˡ˿ھΪŵġȻʧˡ
ĪȻԹˣǲܵġĻΪٻκ۵ĴۼȥˡҪ˿ϣĪ
Ŀ⻺ŲƵá˴ӵ롢ɫҰֽĪϡ
ѾǸˡ
κۿȷѾʲôĪˡⶫǻ壬Ǿʲô
Ȼ޵֣֣֡ͯ
˼׷ƵͯʬϷȻֹȻҲʧˡ
֣
ʯ䣬κǰһƬѩ֮ʧۣһߡȻ۹Ц˳ɵϣʱЦóһ룬ȻǸɵϣָƽʲô
κȴץӣҡͷǣǣ
ǷҪӣʲôɵ㲻Ҫˣ˭û㡣
κָŵĪͰͯʬ壬ⲻǡ
˼׷ֹҪŭǣʵ˵ⲻǡʲô˼
κȻĪԨĵǸҲǰͯ
Ϳ֬Ĩ۵ԽȻԽ˾ùв仰ĵëȻ˼׷׷ʵΪʲô
κԺְֲƲӣҴ֣һ֪ġ
޿̵Ժʲôģ
˼׷ȴ΢΢亹һ£ͯԼõ֡Ī˵ɷƵʱõҲ֡
ǣĪֶõʱæץ˸ˣõĶ֮֡ܲǰͻȻƲӡ
䲻֪ʲôԵɣ̽ʲôȻҪӡ֡֡˼׷ͨһڣԸоɣκһۣ̲ס룺Ȼ˵⻰ʵǡɺϡ
κֻ`ŸЦ֪ʾ̫ˣҲû취˼׷Ҳ׷ĵΣλĪӼȻң벻ǻŴ⡣㽫Ŀƿɨ˸տιȥİ䵽Īϡ
ߴߣһֱߵ˫ֱ֡ƽƽ´ֻСָ¶˳ֵָѩףϸһšĸ˵֡
ȻֵָȴֳЩҲЩָڹ𣬳ȡ
ӦóŮϵ֡һ˵֣
˼׷ȵס
ŤסĪˣ˼׷һһŷ׭ֱҪ£Ī˵ȴһ˼ĽǶŤתȥץĺ
˵ֱҪŤǹͷ۶ˡּ죬ۿҪץסĲӡʱǡӴһУ˵˼׷ǰһץ
ֻһֱֻ۸ץסǵļͷϱðԴ棬ſָ˼׷ӹһ٣ҪлȣȴߵİУѱճ˻ҽǱʣµ߻ͷܻҸʲôӣ뺦ң
κ۱ͷܣߵģ
ߵġУڲͬɫϸԣл֮Чģùһαֻϡ鼱֮£ֻһţ˼׷һ²ˡǻҪĪȴԵڵأѪⶼֻʣһƤһͷ˵ֱ۴䣬ָȻ磬·ڻǣѪܿһ
Ǳٹа
ʬ֫⣬Ǳ׼Ĳͱκ۵΢һ㣬Ҳû̫ࡣ촷۵ͬ֫ʬմȾһߵԹصߣȫʬǣ뷽跨ȥҵ֡ҵˣҲӴ㰲ϢҲĸҲⲿֻ֫˶ˡ
˶Σһ˵պϴպϡ
ֻһԵ˵֣ȡ֮˵ľѪ壬ѰһֱʬΪֹ
ֱһ˼̱Ѫⱻʳ֮ǰȴĿ糣·ɻšϵĵһĪԨڶĪԨĸסĪɷȥʱһ̬ػκԭΪΪ֮ʹģҲӵᡣ룬ǸһոʧȥӵĸӦеģǲĻҵľȻţߵĳš
ǰͯĸĪˡ÷ŵһңֱתƵϡĪ˱֮ʱκϵһ˺ۣҲ֮ʧˡ
⼸׭ã·ȴã˦סֻ֣·һصİ׼סƬ֮Ű¡ȼɫĻа졣Ȼһʱ˶ãУչ⣬ֻֻǻƽûע⣬κֱԺ
ǼסʬĬԺʮ֮ࡣϻŷסǵģκһеһ֣ƻ󷨣Ρʬһ飬۰Ȼ𣬷·һը׾ѡ
κ۵ɻˣ
ʹʬһҪʲôӵĺֱֻͨ׵ɡվǰʬŲ˼Ȼһκۣŵһ㣬ſ˵ϡ
κۿЦã֣ࡣȺʬĪׯĪׯûô棬ܵҪߵָȴĪԷָ֮˿־岻ѣڵصز
ԽײеаɷκԽʹĵӦ֡Щʬûֱܹ̣ܲӲٿأͷҲûϣ޷͵ĵҴպҲСۿŶԺ潥ȥͻȻκļһ
ҪԹءײж񶾵ߣαҪң
УҲֹһߣ
ضԺ˼׷һƽʩһƣ׷װγؽɽֻڽײѹŽƳǽ߾ȫϾע˭ڽκ붫ãһһңĪ˺ĪԨ˵ʬȵѣ
һ̻ػ꣡
ɲǹĪ˺ĪԨ۰׷𣬿зػеļХ
һһ͵ļХУһʬҲսս͵òٵ͵ظŽһĪ˵ɷ
Թ㡣κΪ⣬΢Цϵֻ𣿡
˺
Īڷ磬˲˳ȥ
ֻײһճû۵ʬ
˲Υκ۵һڶɱԼĶҲһɼҵԹޣŭֻϡɱĪˣŮʬʬײУͷɢ۰вѪ˿ָױڽǰĭͣƷݶΪĪԨĸףһ˺ҧãֲʬĹ϶ԭȿ֧ŵļ궼ˡ
Ǵֻʹ˵ʬභΣһĿѪɵĳ棬Ŀ࣬޷ƿĿ⣬ֻáþʣ
ʬһֶ񣬺ȻĪԨХֻܿһѣ©سӡĪ˼״ֹѶӻץƸָͣƿվиֵơκȴмܲס̬֮
߸ոպʬ֣ȻҲ޷ѹһֱֻۣ
κս΢ѹסһڣһڴȥܼʬҲŤתս֣Ǿѱûܷڵˡһգ۵Ĺֶֻ磬ֺ׼Ī˵ľǡ
ۿĪڽڽڰˣκ۸Ҫѹ׵һڴȥʱ⴫졣
ֵǿγһɷ纮⡣Ժɱ׵һħһ
ϵļɲǼݹ˼׷̧һĨѪۣȻ̧ͷϲ
һ죬κתߡ
һ죬ԸߣƿգɱʬͬʱȻϵ˿ɵģδ˼ͷ­д΢ı
۸վһ񶷣ȻءȻָ죬ֱѾĬ
ݵļžȺ̲ס⻶ǽٺĿϲĶǵһҹȥڵȵ˼֧Ԯ֮ԡʧŷ硱ɺݺ𷣣Ҳ˲ˡ
һ˼׷Ȼע⵽и˲ˡקǵأ
ֻ˸ˣ˭ĸ
˼׷λĪӡ
ǵǷӸʲô˭֪±ҴĶȥˡ
˼׷֪Ǵֱ´Ӳϸ룬ҲɣĵǵȺˣһ֪˴°ɡ
Īׯڰߣֻǲ֪İ߻ǼٵİߡĪҶԺﶷʬѪĭɣҲҹ峿ҲҪġ֣Ϊ
κ»ٰĪ𷿼󷨲кۻʬ𼣣ȥĵɲˣҪĻǸҲ֮ܵһϽĳҸ·һԺӣһڴḥ̂һֻƤҽĻ¿ӣ𱼹Щ죬һбۿκۺһɲ̱һӴˡ
ǰקӱϣ¿ӳлԹκϣ˵˵ƭ·̤ǰף˴·


6 

     죬κ۱㷢һѡ
ֻһֻ¿Ӷѣȴֻʴ¶ˮ۲ݣݼһ㣬ԡ·һũκ͵˵ոι˼ڣ޵ˣȻĭµԲã㲻ߣƢӣκۺüЩСҽ
ΪﻹΪ裬ȫһǴ
κ۲ɵûԼĽǰѽڶ뱻λļǽϵսƷչʾɡ
ק˼··һƬׯءƣ﹡һôŨŨһϾھ߷һֻͰһư·˽ʡ¿ܵôҲˣκε㻹Ǹһź򡣡
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ٰ䣬İԶһˡ
Щֱ¨ЬͷһҰиСһԲòǿ㣬Ҳ߾ˣҲˮϵһͷҽеĻ¿ӣŸͿĨͷɢķӣҹ
κ۴ڼϧ֮ˣ״ŲŲѣŲһƬأȥͷ¿ӡȺ˼޺ŷͷͨ죬ȷȷ磬ˮĴˮŮھߣ֪ãκ΢΢һЦ
һ̣ԶͷΪʲô쵽ɽˣָ뻹ǲ
̿ƺָ붼ǹ죬ָ̡ͨģָаɷġа̡κ֪һ׾ݵɢˡѩңҲв޵СκѰ˼˵Ǵ¸Ͷĸմ״ʵĴģȥҹԵġ
ͷӱк˹ȥˮߵǲǻˣͷ㻻µġвʮǴɽˣǲܾЪ糾һ·ҪǾиںͷȣǾͲֵˡ
Ȼҹԡϲ÷ţķħΪԡΪЩҹûΪҹԡɼ֮࣬ȻȥȥôһЩ汲۷ͨļλţ֮вأõóʵײе޻Ϊһɷ˵з
Ȿκ۵־⼸·ϱ˼أԵĶСͷһֻĹ¾ҲȥɽǸʹģץá
Ъ˽ţҲ׼·ˡ֮ǰԲŮӱóһֻ಻Сƻ㡣
κЦȥӣֻ¿ȴͷȥҧκ۸Ͻһ̡¿ӶֻСƻѲѣ飬һ֦һߣֻƻڻ¿ͷǰ¿ŵǰƻ㣬ԣ׷ֻҲһƻͷǰ壬κԶҪ죬һ
¿ͣ㣬κ֮ǰϵ˴ɽֱɽţ֪Ǳ˷ԶԶȥɽһĿֵİ𣬹ʵôɽһС򣬱з
ۼڴ˵ʿԶҪ࣬ӣҸŵķɫۻңڽϴ֪ΪΣɫţҲûճЦᡣ
룬һȺʿһ˵ƺĴκԶԶǽ̸ԭȻã֪ôľͼˣ
Ϊ˵ظûʳ޻ʳɷеķаָ붼û춯
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аûָһûҲָµķ򣬾ܲ㣬ܾţҲ⸽ʲôָָܹ򡣡
Ҳа˭ģҲûʲôָָ򡣡
ʲô˼ô˵ֵֹģҵȻ֪аκӤİĶֲʮȫʮѵˣ
ҿû˵ɣû˵ĶʮȫʮºαغѪˣ
ǿʼһκŻ¿Ӻٺٹ·ôȥˣʿǵĴǹལ۷粻νκسƱѡټʢ˥ߣ˭
ƽĶۣʿ˵ĵҲûͨõķаĵһ棬ȷʵܲ㡣ԭָĽ˭ûϳͱ˵ˣҲֻί´ңþܲĵһˡ
˵ѪйͷĴͽףʬֻнΪ˹ŵĸƷ޻ܹʳǣһ߸ѹô嶼ۼڴˡȻҹͬСɣа̳ЩҲ⡣
κסӣ¿ֻ˻¿һ·ƻ͵ǰһڣһڡޣһҪֶֻˡ
ƻһ߿ڣػ¿˼һԼΪʲô䵽һֻ¿ӷͬһƻ󱳺ȻײһˡͷһŮײȴȫû˫Ŀ΢Цֱؿĳ
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ġ١ٵķɷûһõġ
κ۶䣬Ӹ·ɢֻƬ˴˵ط¡
ɽϣһƬŷصأش඼ʱҲʬٸľơ֮ǰһˢһҹ󣬴ɽһƬɽ±ˣƬصءϷضˣм߹ľһ׵˹׸ǣʬױýڡ
ʮֲһ޹ŷضѣΪƽȥ˭֪Ժ󣬷ʼƵƵʧ֮ˡ
һһ⵰һƽֺУΪϲɽץȸǡǡɽҹڴɽŸ¡û죬ȻȢ˸ϱİ£˵ӴҪƻ£Ĺӡ
»֮ҹȵɵϱûӻӦһƲŷ˫۷ֱ䣬˻ܺûʲô˲Բգˡż˱˹ѡ
ڶ֣ҵİ١Сնһ£δڶڴʱɽϲҧ֪ºҲǰһңһʱ䣬ʧ֢ȻԼˡӴҲ÷񲣬ÿЦǺǵ˿
ǰٵĸ֣Ϊֹ
κĥʳɷʳޡ
һ֣ȴȫͬĶɷ࣬ޡ֮ɽ˹ŷأ˹ľųаϢĳɷǲǣһǾʲôĹײġûзӡɡɷ϶ͽսĹľ񣬰ʬˣۼȻûʣ١
ɽôɽκ۵¿ߡһ󣬼һС
еϴˣࡣɫ谵ӭײϸһױ¿ˣһһƿҴȥκۻͷѰ˼Ī֣飿һ˼¿ΣСɽ
ǡǡȺ˽Թص
ûôԵģ
ôһļõŵһֻʳɷٵʱɱֻ֪˰ɣ
ʲôӣ˭˼λҶܵｭң˭ܵｭΡʰˣϵùɣ


7  2

     
ɫһЩ͸þŻѲɽǰˡκһ󣬾ûϼʿĸ죺Īļһڷϼ̸ֽ۲ݣһ񷽲ǲһ޲ߡ˶飿
Ȼǰ֮
˰
ģ
Ů޴֮⣬αɽҰʮ֮˾Ŷа֣֪ǰ塣κȴǸˡ
ԽаԽã²а
¿̧ͷȴʲô֣֮ǰ﹡һɢһŽӲӵľϡ
ԭźɽѲ߲ȵ㣬ûǰȴ˲֪λǮϣп಻͵һϲһǸӣ̴ʧ⸿ϸȴϵȣβƣһ׽סħҲҪһ󡣳Ǳϵȵնơӱ˵ˣֻǸʲô֪
ҪŽ֣һķ֦̤Ҷ֮ƽɫɽӳһǳɫꡣ
Сüһ㵤ɰЩ̱ͼᣬ˼׷࣬ǸĺӣһͲһ貵ĳֳֳϴ徫ףؿųһƷǷİĵҹɫϸϸ⡣
κ۰̾һǮ
һϵλСӡֻң԰ĵΪƣԱȹɫԻ֮Լ֮ɰ־ҫ
Сӱ䣬ȴסˣʧ󣬶תΪ֮ɫÿζЩɽİٶŸﻹûץѾЩ˵ʮ
κĻǣǮ
һŸѼֵƣȻһİٶţСһļ壬ҵϡø޲׽ҹԣڸˣñлһ֮ǰߵʿǣΪ֣Ϊǡ
;ߣټϷڷζЩκҲ;˵˲١ΪŴսӮңͳڼңΪɶϼҷԭϲݻЩ߸ϣǿʢǰӵĸ޼ɣԴεļ㱻ٰҲֻСһٸǲȻ̱еļǺȴһ˵Си㣬ɡ
ٳٲ֣պð⼸ϣֵǾŰɣʡõߣְҵ£ץʳޣٷ
汻Ϲһҹһǡڴɽεֶֻãɾֻбɻķݶˡƻκ۵ԲŮк£޳κԭڻ¿ӱϣ¿һ˶ͻȻ˳ȥ
˳ȥһǽ̫ƲɵӢƣ˵ƥǧҲޡκ⧲ӱЩˤͷѪ¿Ӵͷǰ꣬ƺԼԴɡ껹żóκۻôȥһƥק꿴ۣȴȻ¶֮ɫתΪмƲԭ㡣
ֲ죬˷Ӷκֱգֵۡôϻϼ֮ˣͿӣҲҰųˣ
ʲô˲õĶ
ѵκһĴȡѵĪʲôСɵļǴĽƣ
һļѹȥ˵ˣνһѾλԺյˣ֮Զ¹£Ů˻Ҫո㲻ģҲһʮʱż£Ұ潼ˣܳԵľŹ䰮黨ǲĴ͵飬˽Ůڶ࣬ϲɣŮζ˱ȫ֮ԺȫθСڶ˽Ů֮УΨһ˸ʣű˻ȥϼҽȥҲʣϵ׳ҪսңһȺŮ˹죬ȻʧϷ硣ʵ̫ˣ϶һ۹ȣڼҲղװ֪֮Щԭ
ڴΧˣ˽ΣڶݾƳκȴռ˽ӵᣬҲ治֪Ҫô㡣
ᣬͶĵĹˡ䡣
𱲷Ī˵岮֮ĳȻҪһС裬κ۾ã㲻ΪԼΪĪҲҪȥû
һ仰رŭĻһšγϳɭɭص㡪˵ʲô
ʢһѲɶƷƴһҲδմȱıߡκϸѽЩ죬ɫâƷҲ٣Բδϸ룬תתһֻССĲҡ
ǰռ˼߽ʱƴյһֻҡնȡһŲóεСֽƬܹ֡žһڶԷϡ
궯ǿúܣκ۽ŵװ˱ķ¸ɵöˣֽŸ졣ֻñһ飬һ˲ſ˵ϣҲѵһߣôŬҲ·̩ɽѹſһֻ̰ʳ꣬ѹôСԸëȴڻ¡κ۰Ľ˵࣬һնϷ
һҼǱأһ䲻˵ҴҿȥԲŮлһߡ¶˵䱻λӼǺ޵ĸŭ䣡ð㣬΢ɾаҵģ֪˭𣿣ҡ
κۺ޳ĵҺ°
ǰһڸкϰߵ֮Ԫٳ֮ЧҲ츳ƣ˼Ϊˣ̰ͼݾ˽ϰ˴ȱΪĪ걻ϳ֮а·⻳ɺҲʡȥκ಻Ҫ鷳
ֳŵ棬˼Ҳǵͨ죬ҧٲҸҾ˾ˣɣ
κֵΪʲôǾ˾˲ǵ˾λ
Ȼһ߷ɭ
˾ң㻹ʲô𣿡
һκѪҺƺԴʵøɸɾԭһŲҰףٰһЩҲû쳣
һŲۣѹ彣Ľϣһö壬·ʱȴ졣
ϸüĿòһĿĿ㣬һɹ֮⣬硣κʮ֮⣬פ㾲ɫƴ̬͸һɰԸ
ü裬ôôãҪҹȥŪ⸱ѿӣ
ڵľȥκѸٻػ꣬йָƬֽˡеһɣһµץԼĽߣָκҪȣ
վһϡܿüĿƣһֵܡζ˶ָֽƬٿشκָѳСһۣĿһָֽƬ棬ļճɻҽ
ɭȻȣҲǸ߹аħֱɱιĹ
κ¿Ҳ˲ǣˣ˺Ϊʱ꣬㽭ζٴĺ⣬ҲɢˡôˣǵɢһԽԽŨѾǨŭЧϣ
ں󻤳֣γ׺ݣκָ̽ңһɫĽӳ彣ֱӽƷɽĽ˲ɢ
彣£ǳֽ֮ʵʵ⡣κԭʱȴ뱻â˲һģ˵أ˵һ˫ѩ׵ѥ֮ǰƬ̧̣ͷ
ӳģһ㾧Ө͸޳档
ټ֮УѽνǴκҲڲսͰνʱ̹ԾܷƵĴ죬γ͸ɢűѩȴ࣬ѽ飬Ʈݣʵз֮޷Ӷ
ܳ
浹תκͷȻһ֮졣ͬʱεԶԶҵ˭ԭӡ
˫ѥƹκۣǰκ̧ͷ֮ʱ״غһɲǡ
¹⣬һҹ٣ѰҪխͨںڣľɫ͡
һĨɫ𪣬żĥ۾ɫǳǳĿԵùĮɫ˪ѩ֮⣬ǽ̰һȻǿκſЦҲ޲
ͷţһȾһ˿Ҳһ˿ʧ֮ˣκﻹǱĳĸ֣
Т
ТθҰѹϵУж컨׹Ϊ۵УΪ˫ѵһӣҲסһŵĿ
겻ԩ·խ˫С
һﲻĿбӣվڽζ档ǼΪĿɺվţҲѷɫ˼֣˼֣һüë治ǡұسô컹пյɽˣ
ݵףһǲмƷ͵аģȴһ⡣ҹԶҲΪħֲ׺ɱûʲôֻҪᵽʱ𣬱һֱˡˣұس˶ԺҹԳеۣҲƷԵδʱֿ˵ʵڲôһȺҵС˶ֱֲڿ죬Ҳ
ص˵ķݣڼ֮ңԭ̵ӵܵġ
ƺ̸˼׷һۣ߻⣬ǾССԻУԽӣҹǸҹƽǽڴɽĴʹʿٲѣΨ壬ѾΥҹԵĹ򣿡
˾һģ̳ģԼ壬ʲô취ʲô¶ץ˵
ü軹Ҫ˵ȻԼ޷ڣҲˣʱʧɫһƬ촽ճסһ޷ֱֿŭ֮ɫǰǿǿҲҪˣģʲô˼軹ֲ̣ܽҽ⿪
ͷӵܵġκûٳԹСϷĿ䲻ʲôӸķȴýⷨǿҪ˵´˺Ѫɤգ찲ʡֱͷʱ䡣˼׷ضŭֻҪǿһԶ⿪ˡ
λδڣбһŽϷɫˣټվɡμ˵ɣʲôϢҪˣ
С֮ǰһɫɽŵĸƻˡ
κһۣеĲֱ¶ϣ˼
Сصȫ
İٶţ
κݺһ
ûϵԭΪģʮ꣬ǸóĺƴˡξɸѡΪɽԳĴʿǴ粽С֪ѶˣΪľýεͷ˲ܸİٶŸۣνҲʲôСʧ´£ֻһڶͷԽԽߡۣʳָöָϸϸĦ
ǸΣյĶ
˽֪öָǸҪһҼʼˣɱˡ


8  3

     ȻĦһ󣬽αǿԼ˿˿
ܲ죬Ϊһ֮ȴҲиĿСǰ嶯Դ˥֮Ϻ͹ڼ˽ƣΪ׽ѳνϣ֮п˵ڹ״̬ߵʿֳ߾سǹϵļֵܶһܲ˺ƤòҪ˺Ƥ
ε彣彣ܳδʽ¹˭δ֪öҴ䡰ϵ硱֣ǾߡȴҲкպ޷̵ľ·磬ûʮɰգǺ֡
ջĦöָ֡ѴҪִ£Ҳ㡣ҼһʡȨ⣬תͷԷ߷죬Ҫ㣬һع̰ܽɡܹܵСͷϣҲǲס
Ҳ֪ڳ˭Ӳ֮죬δšλд̣һתվŸʲôԼײ㽣ϣҪòɽĶ󶼲ˣ
ݺݵκһۣȴȥɷԵսʣλʩ񣬳ֹߡ˼׷ٸԻ
Цأѡ෴ķŲɽϣ֪ȥⲻһͨ𷣣ü
Ӱʧǵ⽭ô˵Ҽҽ̣󲻿Ƿǣŵÿ˺һۣء˼׷κǳǳһЦĪӣּ
κ۳ǡȴˣָˣȥ¡
Сɽʲôģ˼̻塣Ƭֵ֮Ϊɳǿ
ִֵţǿýˣҪļⷢСؾӦǣҶɽȥκĵκտȫͬˣһ䶣Ȼ෴ţ΢ɲصͷ̲ס΢΢һ㶡
˴ʱһۣ壬·ûйõʱ಻ðɳӣκ޹һ¼Ͽɡ˼׷ӦѸ֪ԼĪׯĿоȴԶͷ⣬лΪСκ۵˼Ҳһ̧ͷʱӰʧ
˶٣תɽȥ
ܴɽʲôҪˡκۺ˭Ҳͽ
Ȼǽ衣
ôӵܣʵû뵽ǡǡǽ衣֪ἥ衰ûǱ˶Խ˵仰ᵽʲôлӿڳô˵ģȻԼ
Ƭ̣κָԼһ⡣
һݵģȻһԹľһϤϤκƳۼð¿ͷֻ֡¿ȴ˹κ۳˳ĳ䣬ЦҪӢ۾ȴȥΪ
¿ߺɽ¾ͷӭһʿİٶŸһɽն֮ԭЩڷʿǶӿȺ˶ǽĶ֣κ˼ƬҪҪٰǴȥ룬ĬĬÿ˵
Ⱥɫӵĸӵܱ߱߱ԹСӣҺͽҶССͱôԵ裬պϻ÷졣Ƕˣ
κ۷ŻŲ
һŮ̾ܲôС㸸ĸ˫
ʦãɲô˵ĸ˫Σϸĸ˫Ķȥˣ˶Уǻˣ
Ҫ˵κҲµȥ֡ĸ׿ǽε׽㰡һְʦ㡣
ҲԩôǡǲңΪκǰеڣô³
κô˭йڡ
ɲǡ蹷㻹˵˭ϵˣұŭԹͺᣬˮݡ
˵˺
һ󣬺Ϫˮ֮κ۶С
ʱġκž죬ߴɽĵһ·ˡ
ǣ¿ӣϪˮ֮ߣͷϪϿ֦ҶڵϪˮ˪סӰκۿһˮĪ
ݺһˮϣɢŻЦݣʪܵƣϪˮĨȥ˷Ρ
ˮеӳģһʮݵꡣɾ÷·ɫϴüĿ΢䡣ɴȻעԼʱ۽׺ŵˮȴˮһ㣬ס׹
һİ츲ءѪȷκۡ
ãκĨ˼۾Ϫߡ
޷﹥ڦϾѡʱޱԵʲô·Ծסνһѵ֪ɶΪ֮
ֻΪʯȴվ˷ǲľ
С¿ƺ֪˿鲻ãѵûвͷشУƬ̣˦βȥκϪߣӦͷˤˤӣκǲ¿ֻȻҧκ۵½
ҲɣҲɣȻҧˣκ۱ˡ¿ӽǣ£һݵشתݴﾲһֻǬϷһѵĽĸùʿʱµġκۼӴһӰ٣ҩƺ«׭Сȵȡ
һץһŷ׭ϺȻһŻ档
һȼ˼壬ΪȼϣԶԽʢȼԽһȡ˵κ۲Զ顣
һ⣬κ䱸̽λתʱ΢ȥתߣ͵ش˼һɫӰһ¡
Ƿָֽ꣬¡һֹ߱
κۻ߿ֹĵĻ
۰۰
κʵۣ
ߴͷͷҵͷ
κ۵ҿ
һ˼ת࣬㿴ͷϵһѪ󶴡һֻ꣬Ǳͷıɱϴ£Ϻϼѣ˵ѱú簲ᡣǻ˶ʧꡣ
ǣɽϣӦ֡
κ벻ͨⲻֻ֮¿ӱһƣһ߶ɽķ׷ȥ
ŷضѸвʿǻá˴󵨾죬ȴֻһȺص顣κסӣɨһȦʵͼݣһ䡣ҺǼλСӵȥˣ
ϴȻ˴ˣһʿ뿪˵أȥŮˡ
κ۵Ů
һɢ˵֮ҲҹѲĶ֮С·ͷ¿ӣǸղžǵǸӣΪΣװ£ԲŮȴָ·Ǳߡɽϵһʯ
κ׷ʣ﹩·ɣ
ԲŮáһȻŮʯ񡣡
κ׵л
ʮ𼱵سŮȥ
Ȣףףҧδ򡢸ŮȺʧ꣬¡ͬһһӣһߡѹַаָáǶСɽĶ
ΪĶ


9  4

     
Ǳߣ˼׷ڹŷض̽޹תŮѰ
ɽУأһŮйߣǷ棬ǹһŮ
ǰһԻɽʯһʯɸߣȻɣ֫ȫ趯֮ˡǣʯͷϡɱ棬һ΢ЦŮӡ
Ϊ棬ΪǼ֮һʯԷഫ˵ʲôһλɾŮŮòһʯο˼֮࣬Ůֺŭδɵʯֻò֮ʲôʴһ谮Ůزۣ۶԰Ů˼ʯ廨ţĿЩǿĴ˵ԼҲŷˣ˽ʯ߸Ϊʯ̨ΪʯΪŮ𡱣깩
ʯڲһŮ롣էһȻˣ֫˵߽ЩϸʹֲˣȻ˵˳̶ȣ档
ǰѷа̾ٸ߰ڵָͣԲΪ̨ҵĲͺһңƷ﷢õζϵ˶Щ񱣬ȱǰ˵ŮԸģưܳҲм˴ɨɨ
˼׷Ѿʧ꣬˷ɷﻹ˸ɽˣȻҲ˴ɨˡ
һмʯ𣺡һʯͷ֪ʲô˷˸Ҳҷݣ
踺ֶ롣ʱЧԭͲѾܴˡȻһ򿪾ûкûŮߵЩҰ²֪ܣȴݷʹ֮ǧǧԹ˲ϾܵùǣοһûûݵҰô飬ԸҪɽ˻ǵĶ̳ǰܲ
󻹸һȺСʿ̸ͣЦǡԭžΪһӿȺһӳҲխ˼׷ҡͷתɨһۣɨŮģɼ٣ƺǸȱЦ
ǣЦ˵ϤУ·һ㡣

˼׷һǼҪ飬̨Ů׿ϸڴʱȻײһ¡
һԭվʿȻϢ󾪣ʱ䱸辯صôˣ
˼׷ս쿴ʿ·ֻͻȻ˯ˣôĴҲѡǡ
δ˵꣬ԭĶߣȻ⣬·һѪıڽ¡̨ʯ߽򣬾ȻȫʼԷȼա
ʯ˰νİνַĳַڴʱͻȻһˣһֻҩƺ«ŮʯһʯжʱŨǺ˵ľֳһŷֽڿһʯϣ̨˲ȼһ𣬽ʯӳա
κ۰ѼǬĶʹˣ˴Ӻȵ˳ȥʳŮ
˾еŮƱˣ
ղ˫Ͼ٣һֱָ죬һ̧ȡ˿ڳƳƵһУȴ㶼ǧȷۻ
һ̧̣һֻšӻ˳
κۺܣˣûõģ
ʿûǧѰѰѰʳڳ֣ĿϷŹȻôɽ̲ã׭͸ַ׳ȴӲûֹʯһӽһɸߣһˣѹȸʮ㣬ʿٵǰʯƺһ£ʿĽѵ׹أͷ£Ҳ˻ǡ
ֹȫȻЧκ۵Ļˣӵûɢ˶ͷӣκԽԽҲ裬¿ұһƬ֣ͷײ׷Сκۺǣǣ
ǵ˭㺢ǣ֪˭ҵΪϴ˸ܳ䳤
κ۵úúáǡŸźţǼǸǸ
Сͷܱ߷ϡƬ֮˼׷ź̻Īׯһˡ
κ۾Ǻûϣ
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κŻҲģǺ֪ҪǺÿ
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κۣ÷ԡ
˼׷ĪӡĪӣô֪ʳĻǵĲʳɷҲʳޣŮ񣿡
κ۱ܱѰӰô֪ģġ
Ҳ׷һһҼܣʲôҲ˲ٰ
ˣȻأŷظʲô
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԰ꡣԾʳ޻ʳɷԶ׼࣬ôƮ᲻𣿲ᡣ
ηʵĲֹһˣΪʲô
˵ǹϰκʵ̲סˣٽ̵ǺϵʷԨԴֳֳҪķϻ̵ʵõĶʲôġյöࡣ˵һϣҪƳϡ񡭡һ۱ߴܱ߷۵Ļ¿ӣһƻǰһƻĺѡһȻǰһⶫֻ꣬а취ԵúܣҲúܡ
Ǿԭ𣿺еȵԭ治ǷӰ
˼׷ܱ߽͵ǶΪɽʧ֮£ȻΪʳɷˡ
κ۵
ʲô
˳ǣɽʳ¼ǰ
˼׷˼ɽǰʳںǰ򣬺߹
κ۵ȫʳǰɽںʳɽǹɽһͻȻ˱꣬һڹײģסһʧߣǸɽһȥȢס
ǵﲻԣ
κ۵ﶼԣֺеһ⵰ǮȢ״ٴ죿
ƿԡҲѹ֣ϣԭһÿļ塣κֵɽƮǶиͷͷӶáô£ĹײĲܿտҲһмѹ׵Ʒһǿڹײģģʬǵ˲ûзƷȻȫˣ˲ܽͻȻ¡ɽһҹ֮ȻȢ׵ģһʲôһ¡ű꣬ɽ꣬ɽܶʲôطŮǵٲҪһ¡
˼׷Ը
磬ߴˡơǮʲôġŮȫף˷Ĺ˹ײеĲƱԸɣΪۣŮ㽵»֮ҹĻǣ
ǣǲµİɣ
κۣǲ¡ɰȥе鶼ܹ͡
˼׷ٹνͣ
κۣʵúáɽ֮ǰҲöʹˡǶӸնסиն׵ŮԣһͬһԸ
¶ʲôԸ
κ۵ǣϣⱲӶҰңֻϲһˡࡣ
ˣԸܴ𡭡
κֵ̯ܼ򵥡ֻҪġⱲӡ̽һֻһˡ
ǻȻ򣬼ޡޣ԰ٹﶨ֮󣬵ڶɷͱɽɱˣΪܿͷһ찢ٹȥŮԸ
κ۳ȴɱǲǻǱĶҲ˵ϻһ֮ΪʲôֻĻǻˣͱʲôһһĵطǣһʧˡ߻˵иˣˣ֣ǰٵĸףһ۰ŮĸףڿŮ˻ǡҽҩá޲ߵ£ֻʲô
˼׷ӵúܿ죺ֻܼϣ졣ҲȥŮԸԸǡϣŮٵĻǱһ
κ޵Ϊʲôֻаһ˵ĻǻˣҲǵʧ֣ʧԭ򡣶ٵĻȻ˳ȴ𡣻ǹλ֮ʼģŮˡЦݡ
⼸ʧ֮˵Ĺͬ㣬ǰ˳Ů֮ǰԸԸĴۣǻǡ
ŮʯԭֻһͨʯͷǡɳˣĪ˼Ĺ˷̰Ĳ㣬һƫͨʳǵķʽӿ취ͨԸʽȡĻǣͬԸԸ׵Ļǣ˫ƽףʵʣƺϵ˷аָ벻ٲ׭ͨͨЧֻΪɽĶʲôħ֣Ǳ͹һҰöԸɷ޵ĶԸͬԻ˻
ǴȵȣǸղиҲ˻ǣǲûԸ
κ͵һᣬɲסŲ˱˻ꣿѸղŵΣһֲ©ؽһ
˼׷ٵظһ飬Ǿ䡰ô飬ԸҪɽ˻ǵĶ̳ǰܲʱκ۵⻹ԸԸ
˸˽裬㱻ĬΪǶͬһԸʳŮʱǰԸѾʵˣ͸ȡˣ
Ȼ¿ͣ㣬෴ȥκ⧲ָקסӣȴǰľԴһ󡰸֨֨ࡱľ׽һߴޱȵӰڹľУ˶ͷڵһ˸ȥ죬͵̧ͷײǵĿ⡣
ʳŮԭĿģֻи۾Ӷ죬һʳߵĻ֮ѻòǸ΢ЦŮ࣬ǴѪһֻ˺ϵֱۣԴ
̸Ż¿һ
˼׷ⲻԣ˵ģ߽׵ĳԻ꣬ͽײų⣡
κεʲôԼһѶһͿκι򶼲һɲģ͵һӤûʱֻܺȺϡˮˮһȻҲݳˡڷǣȻҲ볢ʣ
ʳŮӵվ˸ֽŲãϲ裬ƺʮֻáȻһХĶͷͷԺ
죬κѭȥվڲԶĸϣѽڶ֧ϹңǴ­ԵһǿʳŮŵ˼
˼׷ӣųϵźţ
ţһҪֻһѴ֧ͷʳŮҲգЦ棬ϮȥȻ߱裬ٶȿĿ£˲Ϣһľ롣һʿסĽŲеģͣĵشȰ⣬ٺʳŮɱֵͦȣҲ׼ֻϧеŷûõģ
κڷϵȺϢ֪ʱܾˮŷУǾаŹɣ
κ۰γ˼׷彣նһϸ񣬷Ƴһֻӣ͵ߣһڳĵͬһҹգֱ
򲻵ѣӦˡµʲôˣֻҪɷ㹻ء㹻ǿ԰ʳŮ˺У
˼׷˶ˣȴʱˣ㻹ʲôӣˣ
кʳŮ춷һȺʿĸ˻ǣγ彣ʳŮѲɣѪӿһͷ­Ҫˡ
ڴʱɽɽУһ󶣶
ʱʱʱʱ졣ڼžɽص·ϵءԽԽԽԽ졣
֪ΪΣһּ䲻вУʳŮֹͣ趯ֱۣĺڰ
κӣ
ȻͷԤԽԽأȻٻôǿĶ
ȻֹһӰӺڰ֮иֳ
Ӱ֮󣬼ʿŤˡ
ʱǵĻŮʯȺҲûû¶⡣Ȼ˿Ǻȴ޷εĿ־塣
ǡ
ƺţһ㣬Զ˲ͨһֵġ
ֻһκӤµһΪŰ˷ˡΪأñҵʬ


10  5

     
΢΢ͷ˫֣·һȴָľż
԰㣬ЩĿݡΪûͫʣֻһƬףټϴӲյɫƣʹ˺˵۵°ںڣ¶Ұ׳һɫ󣬿ڵҲǡǶҷʱġһֹһֶš
ΪʲôڳʿǶ˵κҲ˸ݣеľκѾƹͷ
ǲóǲóϡΧ֮ǰӦñˣ
˺֣ԭʳŮĽ治ת˷ʳŮģϲһչۣ
Ŵսκ۹˲ͷ𶯣ٴξѡЩĵҲŲֲ֧ڣ˵ѭ
һգۼƵʳŮǰһƣʳŮľһ죬ûͷ­ȴһȵŤתһȦԭǱķ΢Цͽһն£ʳŮŽֱնϡ
ͷ˿ѵûнԼͷ­תȷ򣬶תһȦͱͬʱκ۲иףٿӭսȻʱԽԽľ
ͽ׵ʬ˼ҪӳɱǿʬҲǻûʶͬκģ˵ǵǿʬҲΪ޽У˼˲ηˡη𡢲ηηηһлηĶ졣
˿̵ûԼʶ
ɲд󾪺ԭߴ򣬽ʳŮѹڵأֱһһ˸ߵĴʯٵʳŮϷϡػһһ£ֱʳŮʯҳһƬ飡
׻һʯ֮Уһŷѩ׹εӣǾʳŮʮ˻ǺɵĵԪջȥСĴãոձʳǵ˻ܸԭȻ˿̣ûһ˹˵ȥӣԭȶ׼ʳŮĽⶼת˹
һʿ˻ߵΧס
˳ɵӦȴɲˡʿֺλѣǧˡ
˾ˡһֻʳɱȵģȻ֪ΪʲôɱһǧֻʳɷҲȲһϾҧ˲еһ蹷Ӵ˱ټҡһɳ죡ԭǸϸɽҹԣΪɷһĶЩۼʶʱ̬곤ʿȻǣֺʲôֲ
һҲǣ԰ʲôµģӶѾʬˣ
ΧĽȦȻСӶֱۣɫغɨɽƫһסһ˵Ĳӣһᣬ˵档κ֪ղŵߵ̫̫ͣԣѹƣŴһεӡ
ȻȻͷģͻ뷽Ź̶ĵͬһת֮κվԭأûͫʵ˫۶ӡ
Ƭ֮һ֣ʿˤڵϣ˫ۣһһκ
ԴһЩͷɥ̬֮κ۱ߴˣһΣɽ֮УͻȻŵһ̴֮ζ
ײһˣȻһʹȻֹκĵãתһӭ˫ɫǳ۾
ۿʬġ
һֺֻݺץκۣվǲ̵֮һ£·ѰҺȻʧĵɽԶлӣκ˼תϣΡᴵӵǧǧѧԵʬ˸ǶԳһɣϣ
ϲץֻ̧֣ۼѡδø⣬Ϣȣβѣ̶󲿿Ҫϣκ۳Բסָۣһɣ׹ء
ָ㹻ȷѸߣ˲ϢǱİɽ֮Уʧ١κȥɱһѽץס˭֪ʼգһ۶ûзָֻκۡ˾ôҡק㣬صۡ
ڴʱθϵ
ڷǿӵȽ趼ûһѣ̻̹ɽ˵ɽĶ˵ײУһͷֳ裡
跽Щ߻ǣúվڵϵ˾ˣ
£ͷʯ£漴ŭ⣺ûźֶ֪ţʲôǿҹ
ûץʳŮҲŭҷɵ𣿣ò±ȥ㣡
һưСȻȥ⻰ֵȷ˵ģܲԴֻתضʿǣʲôɱô档
Щͬɫʿкüνϵװ֮ΪΨһأⳤҲɷѿˡһʿ۷ֱڡǡ
λԼˣ˵ʲô
˵ˣ
ɲǼ䣬𾪡񡢷ŭţϮεݡ
һⶫͱʾˣôܻ
дҾûͻȻָǱߣٳģ
κۻں֣ɲǼ䶸ȻΪ˳ĿĽ㡣ĿҲķ
ΣǳһŤ΢ЦֲؿʼĦָֻðˣ
ſ֣һ޴ϴ
ӼϸһϹͬܲһףסһˣ߬֮ʱͬһѸ׵磡
κδȴѷ֡һһʯǧˣڿдϵ˳
ηšóȻ֡ҡĿ·ȫˡɽҹɫеɽϿգʱϹʢʱ磬ʱʱХʿѸȫ룬ϹۣǵսľĿתϾѵлῴλͬʿ׽棬ⶼڴø׺ݡһЩҲĳЩ˵ֻҴӴĹϵѲȤǱߣκ۳׼ᣬȾܡ
󾪡û鵽Ϊǰ浲šôһܣѰ·
Ȼη·Ǳ۾һַΧϷŹûᣬһޣббȥϵһγģ
κ۱һӳЩɳȥǻ¿ӵһ£ֱײˡһ֣ͽȴ˫˫֣ͣȻˡ
κŻ¿˲𰡣Ҵƴа

Σ
־ŭô£
ϵ硱һ淨Ƕ֮˱У̼Ҫ롣ߵĻǻֱӱϵ⡣ȴڱԺж糣Ƕ֮ˣû͡
κȴĵϻϵ統Ȼ鲻ҵĻⲻǱᰡᡣǿᣡ
Ͼɣٳһӣµ˰ɡǿϵ簡
ϵûһβСβųɵĿܡûûûûᡣǾ˵ˡôһƵϧĽβˡ
ǣκۣ˭ٶ
˼Ҳܽܣָκۣ㾿ʲôˣ
ʱһкµĹսڲˣɿȵܲôעЩ֪ĪأǸϵġȣǽҵһΪ΢ҲŬټǸɧͬޣͱϳϡ˵ˣҿɣз޷ޣа·һǸ
εǸĸ
ǸǸ
̲ס֮񱣡
εüë˳飬κ۵Ӷˡм䣬ҲûҵŽε˵
Ȼãϣκѳν֮ǰǵӣվȫķ֮ʿҹƷòģʡλԺܸߵĽպŵ壬ѹһͷ˲׮κӤΪòŮӲ岻֪жһĻȴû˵ϲˡҪᡢҪɱκӤƷζҲԲѡһ¿ԹͷȻͿĶӣ
ֹôҲǰɡҵӴôѧҲѧôţʩЧˡ
ꡰ֮Уս֮ϣһ֧ҹݹǧң˵ɱ˷ɱ𡣵֮Ӹղ¹ɱȵģκƷҲôȷ̫ˡ
κԸƣʮ겻һֻƵӣһúҸ£
Ž϶˾κۣѪˣϵװ׸ǡϵƭ侲˼Ҳûʲô˵ģҸڰ˴ȥþһֶô򣬲гʲô©šǰƵҲûͨ˽ڣ˸ơ˼Χκæǣ¿ĿھҪʲô
һۣʮĸΪ
μûÿ˼ӣǴĺͽĳȥ𣿡
ټ˲֪λļ䱸κѵ˽ӽħĵزץŹκ۶֮˾ͻν̿˰ȥƱҪȥ˼׷ʵǰĪӲδᣬֺαΪһ֮ͽ
صǲ֪ΪδӸղһֱҪһ֮ͽ
κۺȻЦ
ǸңҺΪġ
üͷ£ܵԤ˽˵ʲôչյĺû
κ۵̫ˣллҲ̫ˡϲˣҲʲô˶ϲģǸҾ͸ߡֵģҾûȤ
κǴĶδˣᱻ˱ȥǶĵıȷֻҪ˵ĳĳͻ費˼룬ҪӮȥɡȻˣŶʣʲôϲ
κ۵ʲôģţģҾͺϲ
ˣ٬ĵЦĵ֮Իޱ־롣һζˣһ˫
˭֪䣬ת
ޱ˵ġ
κۣţ
ͷʧǣȴ๣ˣҴˡ
κۣ
κۣ


11 ɧ

     
ɸڹճһɽ֮С
µˮ԰ɽİǽߣУɾƺ峿ʡá֪
ɽ˾ֹˮΨи¥ϴ٤ȴһɼȵĺɽ⡣
ȴͻȻĺ޻ƣòڳӵܺһ£̲סɽŴ
κɽǰŻ¿ӿޣǵʲôޣԼ˵ϲġڶˣ㻹ʲô
κ۳ü
ɽһҹûлҲûл̽Ϊʲôʧȥǣ֪Ϊʲôͱ˻
ʱӵܱ͵ѧ£̹ϵĳȤѵʯǧҹ¡ű°ɽ·ѵʯһֶһǧǧǧ
ǵˣ֪ڽֹ
Ϊ֪ô
һϽȥٳɾˡѧӵַһֻͨƣϲܳɣ޷Խ֪ϡʮȥˣرֻϣɡ
ɽ֮ǰţԹۡκСȥһ㣬ޡˣϽȥ
κ۱С¿޵øˣͷײײ¿ӡ
ҲΪϵһӣӦʲôɶϴˣһʱƮƮȻټ٬Ц˳ڶһ䣬֪ǰ·ʲôѲһ꣬Ϊô࣬ػխ˲ɣ
κ۵ϲ˵ģǼôӣҰѳֲס
˼׷ĪӣʵΪáߣưոݵġôץؽ뿽ʵʤҴû˱ų
ǵֶΣûʶɣúܡ˵𡰱󲻿Ƿǡһ͵һû𷣵˼Ŵŵֹȥһаѧһ׶̫ˣɹȫץȥץҲӴǸСǡ
һǡʤȴǧκ۾úбҪһ£ʵ˵ҲǲţƽʱӴûԵġ
δ꣬Դ֮Уߡ
⼸УѩƮΪ֮彣һܰ֮΢΢ʾ໹֮κۣЦӲдͣλǣ
˺վһ㡣ֻͫɫǳ۾ȴǸΪƽ͵ɫ
ǹϼ߾س
һˮһˣϣӱļ塣һҵ˫赸Ǹֵ˫ӣòȴа˾ŷƣԷֳȷи¡Ȼһɫηˡسţᣬȴ䵭ǧ֮⣬ʧ֮סҹƷòУǰΪһΪڶ
سΪһ֮κ۱һͷ¿ӣҲû¶ֲȻɫκЦطſ¿ӣӭȥϼس𱰣ֻҪس˵˵䣬һᱻҹ֪˭֪׼֣һۣƬ촽ֲˡ
ͷһسԻֳҪȥ𣿡
سףһ̨ͬ´ε̸ᡣ
κŲ죬Ȼص¿ߡ
εϼΨһϵһ˽ӣС壬ĸֵܡͬʱҲڵĪĸֳͬ˽ӣȴرĪĪׯ˯שʣߵλú绽꣬س룬̸뿪ͿҲѹֽҼ˽ƣϾǽֵܡ
سϴδĪׯĶ常ȥˡ
Īׯ֣κ۲Ծ⣬ȴ´һ֣سĽԣѵ˻ôˡúôͣˡ
ˣκϸ˿
ô˵ģ
ĿسȥϽȥ
κ۱㱻ϽĴ̤ĵط
ǰŵĶҪˣûйĿˣСӵʺҪǼҹɭϣ;ȻһƬ֮ǵϵȥ
ҡ
ң
κ۲
Ǻ˳鷿Է
ڳûκζĶϹʻƵƻãһǰ㼸ϣһοհ㶦¶̣Ҷ̴֮
ȥ常£κ˽ȥǰߣκۺų֪һСȦȻϣûͨ㷭˼ɸߵİǽҲ̱絯ѸڸѲߡ
κֻֻ˾ҡ
κ£ﶼ漱ھⲽųжԲߡǹƢ̴֮壬䲻࣬ж֮Ϲ룺տϱζپʱմ·ϡ
ôţ̲סֻ㼸ЩһһľطԲͬκһ棬ʼáǰٿڷҵضˣƬ̣һӡ
ķ﷢һ˽صأ¾㹻κ۳ԾˣϿصʲôܸ֮
ľ巭Ժһԭ̴ﲻ׾Ĵֻ߰ԲС̳ӼһεСؽ
ȻǱˣƶأ
֪ƣΪһμ棬ʹһСܣɽ¹ճһ̳Ц
ӹշκκ۾ûȵҶġЦˣһӣ˵лҪûɡصľƣ򿪳һž֪ǡЦ벻һسɹ桢ξƲմˣȻҲһ챻Լ˸Ӳؾƣֻء
κһ߸пһߺһ̳ãִ룬Ƿһ̳ЦôܵյϢֺһ̳ȵ𣬺ȻһҪͨƣкѣ֪ڣһƬȪЧ࣬ӵã˵оԡаЧȪʱܵ··ˣǿƲɣ
κһ֣̳һڣҾȻûطӣ̳ˮԭȥľ塣һ꣬ͳȥơ
Ȼ֪ڡ֮ǰջٹһΣؽĸǰ졣κͨƾһУñѰƬƧȪ
ȪԶ֪򣬲ʹҲû˸Ȫ޳֮£رϿúŪպ÷κȥ޳ܡɼݽİʯϣһװ£Ѿˡ
װµʮ룬˷ָ·ѩ׵Ķ飬Ĩ۵һ˿κ۰ȥͨʱŪԽԴݣһɨȪڣȻסĿ⡣
ȪȪˮ̹ǣȪû˿԰Ȫ֮˱ϰ
Ȫ֮θɫ𪣬ڣʪ£һ֮࣬Ǹˡ
κ۾Ϊʲô˳ԡƲĿ⡣ֲϲˡʵ˱ϵĶƲĿ⡣
ʮݺύ˺ۡ
ǽµĺۼ֮УһԳͷ巸´ӵܵĽޣ֮˺ˡκû޵Ĵ򣬵ǽΰ˼Ҳ޷ʹӡǵһ֣κ۾Ǵ˺ۡ
ͨý޴һصĽѵ㹻ܷٷ˱ϵĽ޺ۣ˵Ҳʮ֪Ƿʲô治ĴӡҪ㹻治ֺβֱɱŻ
ʱȪ֮ת֮¿ĵطһӡöӡʱκ۵֮ǳ˶塣


12 ɧ 2

     öӡȥκ۵ȫעԼǲǿʲôԷϾȥҲġȻǰһף·һƬѩĻѩĻһɫâЮű֮Ϯ
彣ܳպ˭˲ʶҪˣȻ
㽣κᳵ·͵һ򿪣ձܹȪʱϾ˳ֲһմϵĲҶͷӬһͷײҹѲ·ļˣһץס𣺡ʲôֹ֪У
κۼǵˣϲ˵¿ԱҹɽˣæԼȥûʲôûҾԲ͵ԡģ
СһʱĹĿࡣںδǸɽֹµʿеǾˡȪźԡ붼޿ˡ˼׷ŵˣʲô棿
Ǵŭ䣡⡢⡢Ҳ͵õģ
κ۳ȴԼʵ·һ㶼û
ŭ˵˵ûУûʲô㿴㣬ߵöûˣ
κ˫㲻Ҫôֹ֪ġ
ɹһ£ɢųӲ֮˳仰ĹȻѴ룬ܳδССææĪʵڿɶ񡣱ĪׯķŴȴȴ
κΪһᱻ޿̵߳ɽȥˣ˭֪赭дɨһۣĬƬ̣һѱܳУɢˡ
ƽƽ֣Ȼ֮£޶ɢˡӴݵκ۵ĺ죬һ·ȥǰֻ԰һ㣬˶ѵõ޳վһʱһĲ࿴΢΢Ⱳһ˸壬ȻͨøȴǱ࣬ءκĵҪУص߽ԡ
ɽ֮ãȴǾлκ۰˼⣺ʲôʱԿűʿԡֲ֪ܵôˣҲ̣
뾲ңֱڼ䣬ˡһˤϡκ۱ˤðһ£һʱ뽿䣬}һƤ̧һ飬һűܳӸ¿
Ĩͳһһۡһ˿⸱ڷ΢ɢģǴδκ̲סۡˤȥһԭŵҲЩ¶ǣ֮Ƭɫӡ
һöӡκ۱ֱע
öӡûгΪ֮ǰҲһ顣
ʱϵ飬λû״ǰϵǿ޶£ɵ졢֡
˵ֵĲֹӡʮˡ
ٳۼߣͳʿǹΪ˫֮һһһиǶҳΪӵܱˡǷʲôˡĴҪôصķ
ʮ޺ۣڴ򡣶޺һⱲӶû취ʧΪľҪܷԶסٷ
˳Ŀ⣬΢΢˳죬סǣȥ˺ۣǸ˪ĺֵʱһ⴫
ҼҹϿϢϽʱϢîʱǶʾκ۵˯
κ۴𻰵Ļᣬת˾ҵĸ䣬κһϣã
ûлɹտµ˭ֻ⻳ͨΪȻ֪֮١Ҳǲо޷ã֮߸١ĪҲ֪ǿؾٻκۡܲƾǶƵӾϳ
ǰûʲôĿ̹ǵĽ顣ͬչս仨ˮҲҴȥҲҴҡǹϵӵܣעȻȡšҡκĲݡκ۸оǹϵ˵Ҳ˵áҲһаŰ㣬һձسɴ󻼡κѳνϡΪ֮󣬺͹ϽҲ˵СǰǼ¡϶κۣӦʹûڵ˲Ŷԡ
״ȴ˿Цãǰɵʲộʹȴ̡ò˵ǳϲɺأ
ɵ߹ãκ۷齣ص˸䡣
齣ƺѾߡκϢ˹ȥ
Բģ׼һֻܲǧʼͨ֪֣΢۾
κ۰һᣬ齡
ǵǳͱӴǰһܱƷɳȥ̣Ǿ;Բˡỳˣ
κϷ˫ȷֿ࣬ľ齣˫룬򻺻ѹȥ֮ľԽԽԽԽκ۶ˣڿˡ
Ĭһ󣬵ȥ
κۺƤ¡
һ˫ͫɫǳӣߣκ۶ӡظһ飺ȥ
κ۵Ҳ˯͸ϵᷢ¡
ȷҪ
֪Ϊʲôκֱؿǻشĸо
ҪǣȻһ飬˫һţͨһ£ſϡ
ɲɵһȾôǣͷҲؿڣ¶áϷ
˵ֳֵַ΢΢𶯣
һɡ
κôҲûϵ³˶ȴǳһֻһȵƣһӲϣ˶ˡ
տЩ굽ôˣôˣ
⻹ǰǸտ𣿣
Ŷ԰ɣ
κˣȻ΢΢κΪǲˣΪ֮һ˭֪һ֡
ˡ
棺ǰɱʼдɱloveɱ

13 ɧ 3

     κ룬ϵã׷ԴҪʮͽһѧ
һλ¸صǰʣ֮йص㣺ظִʦͽȻǰ˶Զ֮ӶһȴԴѺȥܽһֵ´ӵܣϽһģǽȥʱٹʺãʱһҲģǱԶǴǰɱȣٸĸӻԼʱݺᡣ
Դˣκ۱̬Ѿ㹻ģ
ԶصһΪѧгһʡ
꣬νϣвĹǣȫǸĸĽѧġЩǶʮ֮ͣ䳣˵ܣҲǸ졣˽֪κȻǽգȴνϼߵĹ֮Ӻϯӣ缺ټ糤Ѫͳܿûȣû͸ܵܵҽһƬʣǽҵ˰ɣ
κЦôؿ϶û࣬Ҳô硣
îʱʱϢʣʲôʱÿ춼Щʲô
κߵʱʱϢ˲ˮժɽ
κ۵ɽٶ࣬һǵһ
һҪȥѧ˭ң
һˮû˻㡣ֻǻȶѡ
ˡλϵĶɣֳiУڰټ֮˵ֵܶ˷һĸƣi̵Сܼϸ񣬶Ϊġɣ侴磬ȴiĿҵ
κ۵ʵҲͦġ
ɣκ֣ķȰһ䣬֪룬գסһ˲Ҫȥǡ
κ۵˭ʣ
ɣͷСĵǸտ
κ۵˫赵Ǹտ
һμӣտ˫赵ʮͱҳģԼӵܱȥСгͷɵ˲׹ɣĸտǸѽһȴ˵ĻûУֿ̰常й֮޲
κۡŶһʣǲһͦεСӡ
Цϣĸóģҿٲߣ㵹һòƽӹĳҿ
κǿرΡ˱ͷһףĨŰɫĽεģǰŸТ
ɣ϶˶٣ձչأʲôʱģ
ϡ
ϣȻ֪ģô֪
κָ
ָһ߸ߵǽܡ
Զԡͷˣҧ͸Ҵô£
κЦصҲûô¡ʱ·ǼҡЦľƼҹ﷭ȥ̲ˣɽȥִ̳οûúȡ
ΣǾأ
κۣⲻշǽܣһֻŻûͱסˡ
һκǺòʡʱճѲҹ㱻ץˡ
εҹ߲îʱĩڣ
κֵ̯ûҽѽӲҪҰճȥ˵ôգƮƮһȥˣõʲô
ֻͷۣԤвô˵
κ۵Цһ̳ûвУ
̾֪ơһȡ
κ۵Ҳô˵ġҾʣ㲻ңǼҾʲôеҪȥɽǰĹѵʯ˵ʵǧ׭дģ˭ȥ㿴㿴𣿷ûʲôġ
û˴ͬУ׷ױԹַ֪˼ĳ¹棬˭Ҽҹǧظģʲôɾɱ˽ԶŹңҹΣɼСֵҲˡȻС޶Ц˲ˣɷ롯κæʲô˽ԶŹҲ
Σġˡ
κۣˡһ̳Ц
һȴпϧ
Ҳܸˣεص㷴תˣ㲻Ǵ̳һ̳أ
ˡ
ΣĶȵģ
ȵġ˵ðɣ֪ڽƣҲȥվǽϺȣƽɡ͵һںȸɾˡ
Ȼ󣿡
Ȼʹˡ
κ֡ɣš
κ۵տֲ
Ҫκ֣տûԹĿҪˡ㵱ĵɣȻտһѧƷģ
κۺη壬ֵʲô˵տСͯôۣ常̵Ķ϶ѧȫˣչпնҡҡ
δ䣬ƹһƬ©ǽ㿴Σһ꣬ųĨ˪֣쬵ɨһۡ
ʮʱ·ʩ˽ĬĬؽңĬĬظλãĬĬؿճΧһƬ鰸
κ۵ļͷˡรɡ
κŤͷպܿĲë˳信ţ˸öޱȣƽǰĿڴȴʱ߽ҡ
ʼȸݣ˱ֱȻųĺɽ룬ԲϣչϴеĴͳ϶ҲԳֻϧһظ֮һͷΥֳ͡һֻ򿪺󳤳һأȻֻῪʼҼҹ档ɫࡣκģҷɣɵһĲϣǾαרע࣬ôĵĶҲô棡
ȻǰʰѾһˤЦʯϣû˿ҲһһһΣ˭ڲ֪ȻҲĲɡǺãұ㽲Щġ
˵仰ͷ϶˵ͨκֱľ档ȻʵκӤ
κ۵ڡ
㣬ħ֣ǲͬһֶ
κЦǡ
Ϊβǣ֣
߷֮ħ߷֮
롮֡׻֣
˵κָһŻմȾ֮꣬ɾʶˣΪһѰ師ֻʣնɾΪ֡
ٺҵ
򡣡
ϼһΪĵһƷĵ
ѩˡ
˼˥ɵһΪߣ
ɽ棬î
ԴͷнҵͬʱǧѣһֱȥǧҪлˡȴΪνӵܣЩ綼ö굹Ҳûʲôõġ㣬һ֣ĸ޶ȫǰնˡоʬգԹᣬס磿
Σκȴû̴ֻѣЩʺǳʲôҲ롣׼飡
æִ׼ʱҵÿҲŷѣоʬգ׵ĴʬѰúܣͷǧҪԼشźáʼκ۰βֻ˼硣


14 ɧ 4

     ȥκۣʾ񣬵ȻһѹڶԸĸ޶֮֮ǰԸȥִ飬ѹ񼫣Թɢնݳ档£򣬲󡣡
˳һллأͷȻֵǣ©һ˳ͷһֲ˶٣ֵлΪˣʵʵΪԼҽֻɽ֡Щѣȡ衣
κüһĲĵԭͷġĺѧһѧҪҺÿš
ɡ
ʵ
κ۵˵ԡȻΪһȻǲܵġǰԸȥִ˵ףִǵһѵҲ˵Ҫɱűѩޣô죿
ԶȻΪѹΪҪ
κ΢΢һЦ˶٣ҷŲǲ֪𰸣ֻڿǵ·
ʵδ˵ʲô
κ۵ֺΪʬǱȻȻǰնˣ˰˷ĹԹٿͷ­ʬභ
תͷȻü΢ɫ䵭ʺӶȵ֪ߵغ񣡡
˴󾪣ʻȻħаΪľǶȻ㲻˼Ȼ֮ҪԹĩãף
κ۵ЩȻãβãˮ֪Ϊ²ߣΪϲߡѹΪ£²ߡһˤһ㿪治ɫ˵˵ҲԹҲڵɽΪáԹΪβΪã
һ㣡α֤ЩԹΪö޺ˣ
κ۱߶ߵδ뵽
ʴŭ뵽ˣŰټҾ㲻ˡ
κ֮ãæˡ
֪䡢Ūݰգѧòײһ߸ߵǽκǽͷϣһݣֳһ֧һȴε±ָκְ㾹ȻĹ
ȥ֮һû׹ģ
κҧŲݣ溰ʱشùҪ
ɣͷô
κߵáʲô߰ĶԼڼ˵˵ҲͰˣȻǰ˵
κ۵ôϲң˵ʹ졣ûʵѡ
ɣ룬¶֮飬ʵκ˵ĺ˼ҪԼ𵤣ʲ÷·̥ﱻйģ֪ҪĶꡣԹǶЩɷģҪãǶ
ν𵤣һ֮ʿڽɵһŵԪ桢ת֮ܡᵤ֮Ϊͻͽ˺Խ߷壬ֻǲʿӵܽᵤ̫˵ȥ޴棬ɣȴҲκҲ԰ɣðײá
ξˡ˵˵ɱа·ӡ
κЦҷźúõشߣĶľŸʲôôˡģôһʣֻôһ˵ιûҳȥɽ
γʲôɽɽȥɡת㣬ѡġƪ飬úѧѧʲôס
ϼѵҼѵ̫һ޶˺һӣƪ͡ƪռ֮ġκ³ǸݣѥϵĻң飿һҾܷˡֲˣҲ׸ңҼѵʲô
ɣæҸ㳭Ҹ㳭
κ۵ڷǼ鼴˵ɣʲôҵģ
ɣκ֣ͷиë
˵һ룬Ȼɿһչһԡκ֪죬תһȻűܳվһдеĹľ֮£ԶԶߡһ߲ҶӰ⣬Ŀȴƣһ׹ߡ֪ղպôЩˣԾ졣κȴӭȥе֣
תߣκ˸߲ҵ׷Уְȵң
´ƮƮİһΣ˲ϢȥӰ٣̸κ۳Ӱ˸ûȤͷ˿ߵҡ
ǰɣĺ㰡κ֣һ㡭ԣʧġ
κ۵ˣұϸġ
γЦڲϴˣ϶常һа͸ˣӣм㡣
κ۲ΪȻǾͲǣôһ룬ȷǳȻذǵƲ׵Ժˡ
֮κ۲֪ʵĻëʲô
ʽѧ߳ޱȣƫƫȫҪĬдıǨΧ֡ʿԡϵ
ʱ飬ĬʱΪūɣκ۳顶ƪٿ֮ǰκ֣ҽǵˣҪǻңҴĻҵȣʲôֱϵϵҷּңӵܣԼҵݹϵľڹ岮ҽУ˭жȥǱ˼ҵģ
СֽĺͻȻɱץס˼ҵͷĿʲȻŭ鵽״к޼ԭһӵȻסôûͷƨɶǿסСȶǡκӤһûСǱһòҹεҹκȾƵĺȾƣаκӤȻϣʵ˼ͷŴ󺦣
߻ӦӤһˡĹܽˡ
κֱˡ
ԭΪ⡣ǳ飬ȱæˡ˭֪Σɣκ֣ҰĪˣԼɡ
κ۵ô
ɣϡ˵ˣΡƪ͡ƪһ𳭡
ƪϼѵʮƪߵһƪݵֳֳƧֻ࣬һȤʮ鼴طɣ˵ˣܷڼ䣬˺˻죬
κô֪ѵܽ˶ҳɡ
εˡ
κ۵˵ʲô
εÿղȥҵĲ󳭣˳˼һ¡Ȼ˶㣬˭Ҷ˵˰ɣ
ڡ
һϯһľյ̨ˡһΣһˣκѽƪʮҳͷͣģ͸ȥ档
εʱ򣬽ҾвŮĽһѧ̣ܽ˵ǹϴӱҵ˫ֵܸǷǷκ۴ǰûϸϸˣ˼ͦÿġò̬ëֻЩǶۿüɥٺÿҲȲˡ
ܳҲԶֲΪ۵Ĺżʳּǡκ̲סѿ޵֣Ʒ
Ϊ
κѵñôãûţ룺ôƣҪÿʱһ£ⲻҪҵ
뵽̲סǰЩ


15 ɧ 5

     κǸܻԼӵˣó֡ȻûбĶ棬Ǿֻˡ֡
Ȼ
κ۵
δš
κۣ
κۣտ
ͣʣĿ䵭̧ͷκһ㣬״㲻Ҫҡ㲻ӦҲŽֵġҪǲˣҲԽֽл
ȷȥ
κ˼䲻ˣбӣ֧ȡõڣһصƿϲ԰ȷȥȴֿ֪Щ첲ѹ鰸ϣǸͳˡصտ⡣㡪ǲĺң
ëͶµӰκæѽ˵ֲˡҪϴǸ㿴ҡ
˶٣ңҲУԼ˵ˡҲԡҴˡҲ÷ǽúȾƣøܡҷģҲǹģûҼҹ档ҵļҹ涼ǿͷ˵˵ûдġȻҿ϶ᡣ϶ᵱһ̳ЦҴطȥ͵͵ȣȣָ˺ȣȸ
κֵǽȴ˭㡣Ҫǲȶ֣ǻܺú˵˵ơ˼ҴңǷǻֲɵġⲻȫҡտûУҡӣ˸ָ磬͸£ҡ
Ҳ̧೭һ顣
κӵʱһ᣺Ҵ
ؽҴ޻ڹ֮ġ
κۺϵصԲԲԲԲԲԲԲҪ˵ٱ鶼С˵Ҳа
˱ʣκۻΪ޿ҪԼˣ׸ЦȴȻϴ´ճסһ㣬Цˡ
ɫ䣬
Ŀ³һ˫ۣһƽɫִʣ·ʲôҲûκҽĿɺޣƫаɵڰΣǶӺˣζ򲻿ڡֽɣֽ˹ȥһۣġһˡ
κϯϴ˸дһţĵǰֱһţˡ
ֱŽ⿪ڶǰ챻ӵصֽŶˡ
κ˰ۣͷճ˽ԵĿ֪͡ظտ˵䣬ٴαԡֽܿϺͿѻǱߣٱһӵϡˡ
űԣ˼һ죬һյκۣȴЩ
һ彣춫䣬Ӳȴˣžһѹ鰸ԡһ۲ӡٰɧĳ̬һﲻ¾Ͷʣý졣
ûɸʩ࿴ۣ·ȻʵˡȻòãκ۹ʲطһֽʾ
ΪЩ߰־䣬ɹʹһɨһΣдüĿ̬ΩΩФԼ
κۼĿûƿǹ𣬳üһգۡ˼Զ׼񣿺òã
дϾȥ飬ȴȥһҿԶҲˡ
κ۴˴δɵīۣνصѾˣͲˣ
΢ϵ޳ָƺһ£ŷһҳҲûнԡκۼˣŻƮƮһӣˡ
ϯϣûҪõ˼ЩκдֺϴġűͿѻֽȫ˴ϰˣҲ⣬ȻˣøӸ
˵ֽʣʣٿˣЦڵءɨһۣԭڻԼޱ߼һ仨
ƺ˳顣κġǰɣҾ֪Ҫ˵ġܻܲʣ߶֣
Ȼ
κ֣Ȼ֡лл
ջĿ⣬𷽲Ÿڰϵ飬·ֻһۣ类µһ˳ȥ
ԭһ𾭣ɸղŷһɨ۵ľȫǳĽӰĿԭȿһᾹ˵һƤαװɷ𾭵Ĵͼ
Ҳ֪˭ɵĺ£һĳ˳øƿעʱµ֡οκ۸ûε˼ǱЦ
Ǳ鱻ӵϣЫɲ˵˲Ľ䣬ŭХκӤ
κЦü鰸£׾֣ڣڣ
ٿذγܳԼκۻûôʧ̬ģæһץԼ彣֣ѵ̬ӣע̬ҽҲǴ˽ģҲҪҪϵ߳ŭصر˽ⱻһŭ֮ʧͱ׼˫ɫ۾ＸҪǸʲôˣ
κ۵һǸʲôˣˣ
ʹ֪߳ܣ
κ۵ҲҪһߣûֶҲš
Ϳڲˣ˰Σ｣ָ溮˪ȥǴ
κҡͷװɣ򲻴㲻֪ӣֹ֪˽ġҪȥӳȥǱ飬һϣκһתµҪ֤ȥ淢ʲôһΪ㲻ˡҪˣʵҪҲصؽ㿴ġҵĴͼҵˣǿԼи࡭
ˣһһҡ
κۼŤǷǣ㲻ʲô˽أɲУҲ˼ҽģ㿴Ҫȥġ㿿̫Һýţл˵㲻Ͻɣ˭ϡ常ӣֶܽг϶ỳԼȿˣƤôҲˡ
֣ΪǧƬĩ׷Կ¡κۼѳɹʬ𼣣ģϧﰡһƬͷϵֽٸɫ׵տʲôãϲӶ˵˵Щ˶ֽڵˣֽ㶼ˣ˺ֽ˺ԼʰҿɲܡȻҲûܹ
̣޿̣ŭȵ
κ۵տ˵飬֪񲻹ԭҲˡֹ֪㲻֪𣿻㾹Ȼҡǲǵһζִʡνȥκæϴ̨͹ˡң
²󣬷һЦֱײ֣һȺɣôûУʲô飿
κ۵ʲô飿٣ղźôû𣿡
ɣһ羴֮飺κ֣ҵһˡôģ
κ洺⣺ϲɺأҽͰ˰ɣΪƵĺҽ̣ڱǰͳͳһ
κƨʲôõģ˺Ǻܹʵ涪Ǽҵ
κ۵ҪϴģֲҡôԣҶôˣҺġϧ˻ɣһƷһû꣬þʣտǲ飬ˣϹ
ɣϧҪж١
Цʶ͸ˣɣû˭ʬ
κ۰ڰ֣ȥεļ磺ôࡣȶ˵㶼ʬôˣҲһΡ
һ߹ȥ´θ飬Ҫ֪ҲҪ


16 ɧ 6

     
ΪϹŰСŰҹϮ´ȥΣκ۱ǰѽ˯һҹ֪ҹƽ˾ڶգɣϲκ֣˵ͷͷҹȥӸҼҵ̸⼸ղѧˣ
ϵǸʣСǸ⻹öԸκһµ𣬱ߴѥӱϲ˵ͷֶҲ
һϤĲˮ㻹Ӳһٷ
κ۵ǰĹ£˵üǼաߣҾͲɽϻҲֻСɽ
˹·֪ĻңκۺȻסһסŲСšտ
ӭ߳ˣΪ׵꣬òһıװһİѩĽ붼һƮһҡҷΨͬκ̷ֱǸƽ͵ǸȻ˫еһλ߾س
κۣüͷǡݺݡصһۣ·࿴һ̱ۣܵƿĿ⣬ԶسЦλǣ
ʾν
κ񣺡κۡ
سɣګس硣
سɣǰô绹ѧҵΣԹ𣿡
ɣǿԵġ˪ϣؿκۡκЦ߾Ҫȥʲô
سˮֲ㣬
صֳαضԣ²˳٣ʹ˳ɡ
κæ׽ˮһѽ߾ǳɲɣ
سЦϹء
κ۵ʲôϹˣξ׽ˮ⼸ֲѧ
ζˮʢˮ˶Դȷʵ֣ҲֲһνЩҶ߾һܰæ
ءҲû˵꣬سЦŵҲãǶлˡ׼һ£һͬɡɣͬȥ
ɣȻһȥ֣سԼҴ磬з𣬲̰棬Ҳȥˣһȥϰ̬´سǰ˵ûκ뽭ط׼
˱Ӱü⣺ֳΪδǣЦ֡
سͽмһֻЦ֡
ÿɷȴдҹͬ
سֵң㲻Ըȥ𣿡
Ȼ
سҿɫеýĴһȥҲŴӦġ
֮ǰĬ
Σżѵص޴¡
Ҫ⣬κ뽭ٱ˽ֻñտڲһ
ˮ֮Ϊ򣬾֪ʮࡣ
ˮ·֪ͨСн֯ܲĺ֩ˮ·ӡǽߣӵＷ˴ֻͿ¨¨ŮŮ߹̸㣬˿࣬غ
յشϣ֮ġҴӭײһ𣬷˼̳Ŵ׾ƣ·ݺݺ߿߿ζȴˮСκۿϡ棬Ǯ̳Ŵ׾ƣһ̳Σ˵ǵġڳܣȥôܵģܰտ㿴ҸʲôҲСǼҵ˲ǲܺȾƵ
ͣʮϸݵСˮۼػȥԽԽ٣ӵҲκ뽭θռһ߱˭ÿ죬˵ˮˡ
ӵͨǰһƬбʮδˮȴӵͱƵƵˮҲĪˮǰգسڴ˲Ϊ׽סһֻ˭һ׽ʮֻˮʬĿϴѯʣкЩʬû죬ʶٴβ󣬾Ȼ׽ס١
κ۵Ҫ˵ڱĵط˳ˮƮģҲˮⶫֻͨ϶һƬˮĵط뿪ġ
سͷҸо·ͬСɣһͬǰԱ⡣
κ۵߾ˮúܡңһһֱˮײҪһֱȥҲô죿
ҵΪְֹڡ
κ۵ץ
سѵνбķ𣿡
κЦνϵȻҲˮԺãֱӰˮ̫ⷨΣգ϶ܵ˵ãʶٲҪѵһͨתƻʲôһˮԼͺˡָķλ
εͷˮרġ쿪
κ۵Ҳ쿪
һͷպܿҴĴףһеտң
䱸Բȴκһһˮɽһ㣬ԾһֻܿһˮȻЦֵģģ
κȴԭֻĴһţһֻ˸棬¶ס׵ľϣΰֻĿסƤ׵ˮ
ýֻסˡسЦκӣ֪ڴ׵ģ
κôϣ򵥣ˮԡϸղֻվһˣˮȴ˵Ĵأ϶жڴס
س޵Ȼϵ
κһˮСʻСڣտղҲǹˮġˮɾˣҪ˵ˣˡιѽӡ
𽵹һۣΪҪ
κ۳ֿصǸҲԣҴˡ
ӡڡǻû֮ǰκôǸġκ֪ʵɫôôѿ£æġ
οȥˣҪæͱϻҹ
һˣ
Ȼһ󶶶κ۾һ񣺡ˣ
ɫ˿ŨܳʮС뷭ӿһ˫˫Ұ׵ư˴ϡְνܳʣ˴ʮָֻֻľеơҪȥնҲģһκսʡ
ˮ춯ֹϢҲƽκһü죬ѿıƷ齣Ȼʵ˽
κ۵㡣
κΪû壬˵һ飺㡣
üܾ˽飬ƺΪ
κۡһԽתҲ˵Уѽ־ͽС㡯㿴˵ŵݹѽϵ֡·֮пö֣ǡ㡱֡
˵
κص㲻˵֪϶Ϊʲô֣ÿ˶ʣǲʲô⺬塣ʵûʲô⺬壬ֻҴͽʱʲôҵʱ˶ʮ֣ûһ⣬˵ýȡɣʹ㣡˭֪ˣ¯֡˵Ȼˣ⽣ͽɡʵҲ԰ɣ
ڣＷ֣ƣ
κ۰ѽڼϣ̫û˼ˡֶ棬Сһһ׼
ʱ̵ĺˮУһƬĺӰСһնǱߵˮ֮û©һӰ̺ˣ


17 ɧ 7

     
ȥ׷ˮкӰһֽҲУ
ǱˮҲһƬӰһֻϸʻȥȴʲôҲûסκ۵ˡӰӵ״ΡҺ̣Сտ㴬ߣ
ϱܳӦʣˮСƬ֮ХŴӺзɳһˮ硣ȴʲôҲûС
ս֣ɫ࣬ҪڣһһҲɳˮһٿιĺӰȥ
һˮ֮ȴҲûг߶٣ҲûκζˮﱻٳǰѽǱˮһʧӰ١Ǹκǲ꣬ʧ彣ԽԽסһ곤棬Ŀ¶ûˮʲôΪԴ߽ˮ
Щţɫȴ򶨣ҼҲ߽ˮ
û˵׹仰ж಻֪ǳǱܱܳȵġڲ֮ʱٽˮ£ȴһɫ԰͸Щ߳ܵĺ죬·ܵʲô裬һۡȴûˮܳٴγʡ
νûˮУǽһһƬڹĺӰˮʪܺһšͨһˤڴϡκڽһȻһ·
κЦЩһͷؽտҵһο׽ˮˮ·ġ
ֻǲ쿴ܳĽкƺѴⲻ̸εɡղˮιģȷʵûˮֻһ·
κ۵ȻҲˣֻǲղȥģ·ֲץס̲У״ȥһ·̵ܲһɽˮ϶лбĶ
ʱֻƮġˮɫīī̡Ȼ΢΢̧ͷ̻ȥ
سΪΣ
ˮ֮ǹѴġ
䣬˸о͵һ
ˮѸ봬κۺȻ֣ĺˮѾīɫˣǽӽɫǽӽĵĵط֪ܲһ޴Уʮֻ˳ڴתת³Ҫһֻɫľȥ
һƬ½½κУȴˮվĴѱ˱˫ϥˮ澪ȴҲûȣ֪ǲŵˡκ۲˼һһ֣ץס
һˣ½ȻһȻûãǱߺȻһɴЩκ۴ӽ
°ûǸɫתҲ·ʲôǱˮףϡԭϾϿնʮҵĸ߿գͷһĲسȥڸʲô
ӱﴫԽԽκѽʤɣǡǡ㣬ѹ˱ƽĵͿաһס壬һ˫ֲקס棬˭֣ҿҪˣ
Ȼκۺһ屻ڿŤͷһĺ졣ȻֻĿ⵭Į𴦣һˡһѽ˵ͬʱв⣬ǵλȴȵߡߡ΢΢ľҸղȥκۣûôôȡͲҲ󡭡
ʱκ۵տ⽣ͦİллллΪʲôҪҵӣҲҺòҰ㣬Ұɡ
Ҳ˴
κ۵Ƕôˣʲôѽ
졣
κ˵ġ
ʵ̲סˣģ˾ӵڰеʱ˵𣿣
һѸٳ䵽ϡſץκۺ֣ӴݵתسˮԨ
سҡͷ㼬ˡ
ˮԨһκۺͽα֪ˡӵµĲʲôˮˮ
Щƻˮԭ򣬾߻ˮö֮Ƭˮӡ񱻽˵С㲻϶˽ʳһʱҪлͻ˳ˮ׼ûУҪȡ
һ˶ˮԣгˮ£⸽óˮԨȻˮԨڴ˳ˣֻһֿܣǴӱĵطϹġ
ˮԨһɣǱƬˮ򶼱һѳȥǰˮɣ̸ɾгˮ˺ɹӴء⼸ǲܰ쵽¡ȴһķӿԽһʱ֮ǡһ֮Ǿǰϵĺͺȥ𴦡
ʵʲôطܹˮԨ֮ţ
سָָ졣
ָĲǱʲô̫κ뽭ζһۣˣɽϡ
֮УСң岼ʤȻڴ֮ϣһǵȻɽϡ
̫Ϊƣԣͬ١ɸռ㣬ɱһǣΪҹ죬ֳơҹɶ˵޺ҹ˵ȻΪء嶼Īû֮ߡ֮˶λϿΪҫµķ񣬲ˮԨпܾǸϹġ
Ȼ֪˵ˮԴȴĬȻˡ
¼˸ɵģôǴҲ޲ġҲϣҲκβ
һ޵ҰˮԨϵҪҲˡˮԨˣɢϵĺӵôˣͻ춼һǡ
ֱ̯ӹ֢ϴӴԺȻ鷳ϣس̾ˡˡϰɡ
ڶɿ´˿ܼȥ
ţֻʻӵκַˡ
һףһŲڴϣˮվԼͷû벻ոֻˮˮԨѣеس׳һۣ㣬˶Ǯһ
ͼᣬòɷᱡһˮһŮӲ˲ңЦСɾǮһ÷
Ŵġ˵ߴݲ࣬߶ӯ㡣κ۹ֵ͵ģȻҪģ
ŮһַɳһֻԲĽˣҪÿ
м죬ӭ϶κۻӸţЦø
һ컨׹ҷɣĿбһɸ߷ڡκ۵ؽһףȻָ㣬ǿ
ҲûϵȻԼ֪ӦԣŮмƺ˼ӵЦ
κ۵˭һֻҲȥȴף
еһƬݺݺ߿߿ЦһŮӭŴúúãҵģСɾӣ
ڶֻҲУκۺĳã´һ𣡡
ŮɫҲָҲһ򣡡
κ۰ֻ͵ǰƽǰÿ
κ۱ÿˣ֪϶ҪġرͲ㡣Σţ
ǡýγһСӶֽˣ¶һЦݣߵɦŪ
κ۴תͷʣտǹˣҲ˵Ļɣ̽ңջôˣ
ӸһġһҴκԭҲûָĻشֻ˿ʮȤ뵽С϶Ҳ˵ֻˡͷһŴ׾ƣֻԲС̳ӣһɱȥ򽭳ˡ
سŶ鶼Щˣһصģ˼ӦˮԨ򳤽ˡ
ӭһֻˮصĻѹһĽˡһۣƽǰ
سȴˣҪһȥ𣿡

ȥ룡
վһҴȥˡ


18 ɧ 8

     
κڲһ߰֪ӵܹϷֵһɶȥӣ⼸ղϿΣûڵأ׷ӿκۺͽεķ̣ͨԺȰͶӿᡣһҹκͶͶˣ򷢷ǽɽȥЦ˶һ˿ڸ˭֪ڶ컹δ˯úˣһʬͻȻ˴˷š
˼ˣ˯ʼ俴ɫ˪վſڣŵ˲ѡɣ˯ͷϵκۣκ֣κ֣
κ۱˼ѣԺʵ˭˭Ҫƴƴ㣿
ȶͷţڵϻ۾һͳκĵطҹȥ죡
Ƕҵκؿڣҳɣһκ۵صľ洺ͼ֮һ̧ͷĿɫ͵Ҫ»ˡκ۱ֹ䣬˯˹ȥУһ־ס죬ȥ
κ۱һԵƬ̣֣Ťͷտʲô
һﲻǰСκ֣һʬҲ½ѡһκֱסˣô£Ǹʲô
ͷһһ췣
η˯óٶˣǽ壬֪˶֪ļҹˣɫһ
κȥ˹ϵǰ곤ڴˣһˣֳ泤ޱȵ̴ľߣ˷֣һݣˣǰκסκ۰ڵãտҪң

κ۵Ҳ
ʱѵ߰˰˵Ҳ˹ⲻڣץǽߣŵզࡣȴһư°ڣҲκԡ
״κ۴ʧɫҪȴȵ򣡡
κĿɿڴæȵȵȵҷˣҷտҴ
ġȱһٶ½ߣ˰סʼ˱ֱöκǺ֣Χ۵ĸӵʹѣĬĬվڵǷһ漴˳ȥǿκ˵ļκȫ෴δﱳȥ֮һ·ڰֹһѷΧǣκְô£
տҲˣôԼҲŰ򣿡
κ۷ڽαϳ̾ʧʧߣһѾ
εϻ˵㵽׸ʲô
κ۵ûʲôҲͶͶȥЦ𣿡
εˡ
κ۵㻹˵ˣҲ֪ʲôҿЦʱֱ¸šһ춢Ұɣ
εΪһСȻء
κ۵ȻһǸк˵տôɣ㣡Ȼֲң˵һ˵Ǻαأ˵δҪȥ췣Ҿ˵ֻˣ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭Ҳ֪ҷûԲԣұ֤û´ˣǶôˣ͸и
һҲ̶֮ɫ
κۼ˵Ҳ죬ὣʹһֶֻҲЦŵһ߸ԶˡȭƲ׷ÿɽˣ˦˦ѣʵǱ׷òͷˣ˵㵱治֣֣
˵췣
һĵκ۽üɫ裬ȻԼڽαϣ͵һڽμͷ˵ãȻ󲻶ˣӭȥһˣס֪ǽԵ

κ۵Ǿһ֪ˣˤǽһðǡ
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ֹ˦ֱͷҼ˿ӣ㻹ģ
κ۵һʼֲ㱳ġ
δŭҲҿǼõϹһ춼ˣతʮߣԼߵģ˼װзϡڲ뱳ˣ
κ۵Ҳ£˺š
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κ۵Ҳߡ׵ϸߵĺƣسߵ߾ܵܺ
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䣬֪Ȫ
ڱȪˮбĿ񣬺һԵտ

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κ߽ߵ߾ҽġ
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ˮ̹ǵȪˮشѸٺһɾ룬ΪУΪˡҪˣ
κ۵Ǻ䣬䰡
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˵һƣѹκۼͷ
κ۵ʱһů֮ӿЩǱŲ
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κԭͬյýЩ׽˵䲻ȥ˸ûȤҲɨһƺͼ米Ȼ˺δ治˵ġκԵصտʵˡ˵Ҫ㻹Լһ㲻Ϣˮû˵ˡ
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κֵģҴûôһ˵һˣҿ϶ġ
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κ۲֮󣬿ʼȪȥһ̲סεǰտûղڸʲô
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ȥ
κ۵㲻Ҫáֿͷ䵭Ů˻᲻ϲġεĹҲرÿǹߵĺÿһһգۣĲ
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κ۵ܾңһӶߵʱ˳·𡣡

ʴӷعպ󣬲δκٴιȥϼѵֻǵ˵ʹһ١ȥݵݣһ˼žǴδӲ޳֮ˣԽԶԽáҪѧӣҪȥĵ
ʱκһֱЦţûò˼Ҳһߣκ۾ˣԽεڲҹԶ˵˶˲Žҹ
ˮԨϴ˼鷳ⶫ޷ֲϵ𴦡ҼչأΪ˴ѧʱԽԽ̣κ۴ɽʱԽԽࡣ
գֱ߰˸ӵҪȥ;ҵĲ󣬴Ͽһۣӳ֦ǡǡܿһڴߡ
ɣƵǲڿߣ԰ǸղҲûôô񣿡
κ۵ôǵĴ
εǡǡǡҡҿľֻһˡ
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κŲǿüɫտһˣô첻飬Ҳ룿
״ɮ붨ЩľؼѳСɽκ۹ĳĬ㲻˵Ҳ֪ȻҵģȻղôӴǶأ
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κۻٶ˵һ䣬ĻʣĺֱӰڴ̨ϣæôġ
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κ۵ʦûɣ
εʲôôҪˣܲҩ
κ̾һʦҪ˾ͺˡҺû֡
εҪֵģҪǱƿˣһҲܿˡ
κ۵ǱˣԳƸһ㡣˵ȸƵذϧԼ棬֪˿̿˾кθ룿شЦһκֵʵӦ㶯֣վԱ߿ţû׼Ͳˡû취̲ס
κһ
κ仰˵˵ȴʮָӡΪ֪ⲢǼٻ
ߴΪκ¶һ֮ڷɸ塣ۺ»ǻ£»С¡
ûС
κۼɫΪΪ˵Ļʹ죬߰ɣˡһˣͱץסˡпȥΧһ½ɵ򷣹ģ
΢΢죺ʲô㣿
κ۵԰ҲңɼΡ常ҹûеİɡ
αܵԤв㵱ʱû
κ۵ʱҹˡ߳һ·Ҿ˸֦ͷԱߵڿӣűǶѣǶи϶Һòҵġͷʱ򣬿Ҽʶ϶Ϊҿ˻ôҡÿ϶ʱı顣
ε㻹ǿȥɣҿԶټˡ
ǣϣκ۾ʰ˶ͽһˡ
лҪ˵ͬˡǰһ䡣ڽʱ


19 

     
κſһҹǰҹ˼ЩϾʲôҹԺ˯ڶ峿۾ߵò֪٣ؾϣ˫ַ࣬ڳһؼơ
κһ˸ϵıӣָͷУͷǹɻȻĪȻ֮ȥ
ʱҵľߵ£˼׷𣺡Īӣ𣿡
κۣôҸʲô
˼׷硢磿ǣѾʱѽ
˶îʱʱϢɣκʱʱϢҲܹɣʱſ˰ҹᱳʹֱص
˼׷ô
κ۵ôˡұǼҺ˯ˣ
ǵҲڵٺ˵˵ǿĲ㡣
κԩģ˯һҹҲȥûˣ
Сס˲̤룬ǿЦãûֱӽȥϳŭûûֲǶ䣬˯㣿ȥ˯͸жˡͷ¿ǣߣúˣ
ᵽκæһµ𣺡ҵСƻôˣ㲻Ҫɻˡ
ǵСƻʲô
κ۵ҵ¿˾ңżСȥ쵽һƬݵϣͷ¿ӹȻڴвֹѡеԭΪҪԲݣƬݵϾۼżʮŹİ޷졣
κϲöӣ𣬿ˣ
̣ֹ֪ɱϽ죬ĶʹüˣҪˣ
κ۰ø緹ƻˣȻ¿һƻ͹˲ϽУǲǲƤӡκһĺ󾱣һߴ⼸Сͨ⣬һ߻ָԲİӣĲܿǲǿ˾Ҫɽȥ
ٴУæſ˫ֵǰǺģֻżæտѣҿ
κˣЩЦڵأ룺տǣǰҪԼ͵͵һȺ˵Ҫ˭ʵϲְ׺ëСɣŸӣӴҵ裬Ҫˡ
һſʱǸ⾰ȻЦˡ
ʱ֪棬
ͱʱȻּͬң·иʧķĿô˼׷ɫ䣬˲ٸƴڻ˦ܡκ֪죬æϡ
Ǵһ¥ϴġ
¥ڤҡǽڽƳɣ׭ģлרõĽ¥Է֮ʱ˵һ£лʽˣ⡣
¥֮⣬ΧӵԽԽ࣬ûһ˸óȻ롣ڤҵһڵľţסֻܴ򿪡ⲿƻѣҲΥɡлʽ⣬Ǻܿµ飬Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʲôððʧʧֻᷢʲôԴڤҽûֹлʧܵ͸ˡ
κۼûг֣Ԥв֪Ӧ̸ϹŶԣǡͻȻرײһײײ˳
ŵײȣһ̨סڤҵԶϣ·˭ŭˤȥ
æְ˽Žֵ£ܿƵ棬ץ˵õġеġ
κһץס֣ʲôĻꣿ˭棿أ
ƺʮѣӡ
û˵꣬ѪıӺһӿκ۽ƽ˼׷֧ݲƳɵѻ䣬̨ףһڤҵĴţȵ
ڤҴЦһ㣬ȻκڡŽϡ󾪣ҲųȥȴҲ򲻿ˡһϣ־ŭѿڶղʲôˣ
˼׷ҧҡѪˣ
һڤңκ۱оһѹֵĺ
·ԹŭͿĻ壬ۿɼΧУ˵ؿڱѹȵʹڤڲ࣬ĸ䶫żˡϣлĶ
ûбģֻһֱۡǴĪׯֻ
һӰֱͦͦվţأָȭʳָָ죬ƺڷŭָĳˡڤҵԴԴĺɢġ
лʽӵӡĵֻжϯ֮λϵΣ
һŹ٣ֲδϣȴأֹԭƺڳ˼ֻʲô˴룬̧ס
һκۿʲô˼ԭһʴ˿ѾᵹһԣӳڤҵһѪǾʧκ۶λã׵ķλϣѴγٵߣңңԡ
ĪׯҹκţԶԶֲѹסֱۡĿӣȻ̧һкκ۵Ե͡
Ϊл꡷ʬʬĳһ֡ǰİ֮Ϊý飬ʹѭֻͨҪһΣпθֳǣһĩҲûлǱ
ֱֻ۷ŭһ㣬ͨ𣬿еѹָиˡʱǱˣҲѲѪ³֧Ųסˡκ۰ľͬࡶл꡷Ҳ޷⼸ǲܵ¡ǡߵĻǣʬһ𱻸ˣ
λֱһ㡣Ȼʬ屻ҧñȽ飬ôȫġ
л꡷ɣָһתһ
֧뷽ŹɭȻʵĵӽȻͬװȻϢ֧Ӷ˭ᵯവ඼ϡ棬κȻȻظȥ
ĹΪ顱ԶʱӦͣⴵô©ĶࡢϢ㣬˲ƴû˺һ޷µؼȥˣޱ̧ۿ
κۺƤװԽԽԶת˸׼ͻȻͷһʱһֻԭʧȥʶʾȻֱͦͦһѪ̵ɤӡָκ۵ֶڷ˻ߵˣ
סʲôû˵꣬³һѪԭص˻ȥһϢĻ֮С

κĿɿڴ
֪ʵġʲôˣ࣡ͽ
һٵѺ࣬Ȼʻֻ˹ȥɼʲô̶ȡ
ˣֻֻڵѹ»κۺ֮룬ЧС
һֹϢڤҴŵչõض롣Լǽ¥ϵľֹͣ죬ԭΧڤӵǶ˽ʱһƬڽС
ѹϣֹȥ̽ʵͷҲܿ곤ļλǰڤѪļƽʵʩΡʩҩһ̧һͭӣ㽫ֱֻ档ֳæµȴȻϸûκ˷֮
ǵҩʩ붼ЧǺã
ָӷϣüֹлʽûһǧҲа˰٣в飬ԹˣɼֻԹжວˣֱǰδ
κ۽Ѳ䣬֮ͭԶ£ĦĽģ˼˼׷¶Ȼ֮ɫôˣ
˼׷֪ǵ֮һɣЩΰˡ
κ۵ʲô
˼׷ֻ֣ǳġ
κ΢Цô֪ģ
˼׷ͬƷ죬вͬĻĪׯǼ죬÷ΧֻзԲֻ֣ɱأ˹ѪΪʳһʼ÷Χ֮ڣײг̶ȣĪׯѪɺˡǣǵִ֮ͻȻֵġ˵һǱĻ֮ˣǸʱ䣬ͶŵǸصġ
κ۵ҵͦʵò
˼׷ͷˣĪׯǼǡҲҪΡ񣬻۵ҲԲѡ
ĬƬ̣κļ磬øεĲǣǷųֵǸˡЩ鱾ͲԼܿƵġ
Ǳߣ֣æʣΣ
׷Դ
κ۵׷ԴҵֵֻȫʬŪݣȻзӾˡ
ȻѾ֪϶ǸӣҲ̲סҪǴĿ˵˵ü򵥣лвֳӣĶȥң

˼׷Ϊ
κ۵Ѿָǿ𣿡
ɻ󣺡ָҿ˭˭ָģûָ
κ۵
ŷָ֣ģȻֻ֣
ֱ۶ָһ˸ıλãִֵת˹ָԭ˴δ״㵲ѡǵָʲô
κ۵ָʲôҪôʬλҪôǺ֡
ԣպվϽ㿪һۣú常
Ǽ˵ͷǣҪɽ𣿡
΢һףκѹ䵽ϲ̵شúúãڿɽ˽
¶Ҳ̶֮ɫ곤ȻȴЩϰˡֻڵϵʣʶƺһĿ鴤˾룺ٶ˵䣬˵ֱء


20  2

     
׳ҹԣǰӵų㡣ϲֱֻаŹ죬вܻˣûдӵֻκһˣҲԽ
κԭɽ̽ʱѰһ֮󼪣;Ŵͼܣ³һǱ·ȥıԣ𤣬ϣ״򲻶ָĵܲ˸ϽһԼߡϱ裬ԿȻκһ굽һĵκۻֱٰκһڳɹؾص˯ֱκ۳˺üοһп಻룺˳ˣҲǰû˼ˡǰ֪ùֺǵ˷粻ѧᷴˣд
ѭֵָֻһ·ȥÿպһϢʱŭɱһֱֻάõĵָ·ƺȻıˣջʳָָȭ
˵ָֻĶ⸽ˡ
Ǳ߱߷ãӵһСǡֵգ֡κ̤̤󣬺һ̱ǵ֬
Ź嵭̴㣬κ۱ζһ̣ѿڶʲôζ
ǴһۡдɹƭĽǱߴġһֻӣ˶һЩСʣϲʲô֬ˮӿ
κۣã
еӴ
κһЦԼá
еЦˣĵѰǲأ
δȴһ˻ޱصͲҪ֡
ӿżĨʤѩͫɫǳǸٵʿһ֪⣬ϵùϵļƣΣæһգǰˡκ۵ʲôҪ򣡡
Ǯ𣿡
κ۵ûǮҰ˵Űûָͳʲô£ȴͳһֻСɡǮ
ȫϵĶЩϽ˼Ҳֹһˣκۼֲ֣ǮˡȻãߣûа䲻ʶƷԺͽԺôһ˽⣬һõˣҪĪ֮ǲйʲôҵľˡ
Ϊʲôز˻̣
߳һ·κͷһԶԶ˦󣬻վԭأߡ
κ۵ĽŲ
֪ΪʲôԼãԼƺӦô죬
ʱһ˺棬һţʮţ
κۣ˭
æȥ˭ȴǸղмٵʿʵۣ֬һɷֽੵصһʮţ˳ԿϵźáһһһͷɷаŨԶƶԶ֤ʲôħֶҽ
κ۵ţƤ죡ôÿģ
еô㣿ˡҪÿŻʮҵԸ⡣
κ۷˷񡱣ʵڲܻܽ͹Ŀ׳Լ
κԶӣ㻭ʲôûҲҪһӵܡ
˵κۺȻозϮһ㡣
Ƕˣ⽭ȴ˳ȥҵ˽ֱ˼ҵķ糵̯ķļһƬæҡбҪһǸСӣǸȥأһԷؿǽѩ˰ĵûˡֲľôƽ޹һţصΪʲôң
Сǽ裬֣ص㣿ǰᡮκֵۡˣҲɱ͸ù¸жˣ㻹ֹС
κûϵڴ˳֣ûϵֹˣĵ⺢ӵҲ֪ô£ƢأĿˣ˾˺͸׵Ļѧ˸͸ĸ׵ĺôȴûѧ㣬ҪôôҪԴۼƺû˱ƽڵ裡
вĿﾡǧлȻתκۣ㻹ûߣҲá
κЦӴ治֪ϴαѹڵ˭˭
Цһڡκ۱⣬Ƭ֮ԶȻһͺʹصഭϢ֮
תͷһһֻ˸ߵĺȮӽֽתֱϾһһһ󻹱һߣҧ
κ۲Ȼɫ䣬Ⱦܡ
˵ңȴʵˡҲ޿κΣû߼ؼʱСҰڶȮ׶ʳ˺ҧ׷ϣ˲ٿԴСȮ඼µҪΪ˽ûٳЦ˵ȥⶪˣû˻ţȲߡκۼɢкһİӰæ˺ѷεؽУտң
׷˴һʧɫôָһ𣿣Ϊ࣬Ц֮ƽﷸЩСȵй֮޲ܹѵǷƷͨԣҲ·֪ǰҰؽ˼ɤӣβͣ㵽˽
Ȯǽ͸֡Ѱ˵˵͵ģĸҵκƫƫѰˡɲ˭Ȯ˭ôôΣϳͲȮ׷˱סĶˣˣǰòѵɵȮɱˡٺݺݽѵһٲɣ
֪κһͷ£굽󣬺޲˳ĸźá˫һȦƺ˶סˣô˻ᣬڣЯĺȮĶӡ
һԵվµ£ӵ˲ð˲ð
κȮԶȥҲ˳¸ͬ£Ĳš
ڼˣͣΪлɽذǵͼӵκ̨ղŶл㣡Ȩл۸ȥһţܹҲˡ
һۻ׳κۼԼļ۸ԽԽͣЦãлҪлҰúÿ㣡סߣи´¡ڴ˵ûʲô£߿ʲô󣿡
е£Ҿʶˣ³פڴˣ˳ӰʲôĹ£
κ۵Ʃ磬ħʬ永Ų
е˵ûУǰһɽ룬·룬Ȱ㲻Ҫȥ
κ۵˵
е·룬иڻ롯˵˵


21  3

     
κ۵Ŷг˵ħû𣿡
ƵĴ˵ǧΣֳҲϰٴˣȻζ˵һ˱סų˵ĹߣᱻǿеùͷӶʣҲʬ壬һ⣡°ɣ
ѹֽڴˣϴû´ɽʳŮο϶Ҳǳ·ϵĹġκ۵ÿ£ȻͷӶʣҲҲʬ壬ε֪Ǳ˵ģ
ȻƬ̣Ȼ˿ˡ
κɷ㲻˵߶ᱻеùͷӶʣһ⣿⴫˭ģôֻ滹ܻųϢ
еžôģô֪
κۣ֪֪·һ˼ˣʲôʱ򱻳ԵģꣿŮ˭סη
У֪
κۣӰţ
ŭ𣺡űûЩ
κ𣬱һ䣬·룬ӾڰɣӲҵĵؽг˵Ĺ·ûǾӲ
û뵽أȴûٴ𡰲֪¶һɫңǵǰңȻӲˡִŴĵڶеذаûĵطˡҵļٺ٣λһ֪𡣡
ԭȵļǳi丸һμɽϼ֮δڱңֱǿӲ߾س˽ֵܡ֮֮£һʱֱϡ߻ħڱѪ󣬽Ƽ֮λģ϶СɣκʣعСһ֪
е㲻֪ʣλ˼ʲô£֪Ĳ˵֪Ĳ˵ʵüˡƵúˣҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ĳ֪˼ҷŹⲻһ֪
κɣͬ˵Ҳ˵䡣ɣΪĳǲѧ˱𴦣׽ѧ㣬һȷʵӲͬӵ˾ǿᵤiǰʱɸ֣ܽϣȻǽû˴ڷ絲궽㣬Ĵ֮һǧ¡֮˼֮ɣΪֲϤæýͷöˣλܣϽ̨ߣ֪ڰŽҵλǸǿǿλȥɣ˵ȴдŧ
估֣ꡣ
κ۴·룬չ⣬֬ڻ߻ߣûҪǮ˼һ䲻̸һ볯ָȥ
·ϺôһƬɼֵ֣쪣кһûκԭҲûʲôһֻΪԷһһطĺ˴ȷ£ô˵б۵ĶɽʳŮܺ߼סη˭һδСסܺߵϸڶ֧֧ᣬôǲ׽Ӱš
Сʱǧһ㲨ۡҡҡλ߰˸ӰŰۣڣƺ紵͵ޱȣԭһеͽ׵òٵͽ׵ʬ
ʬֻͬбѹķݣϸ΢׳Ļˣһ߷һţϸܵÿӣ˲ܱ˦һ֡ǵùòٵùץסҲˡģѿζţвҹʱǣ߽ʿֱӵģСʹֻϻӲһ
κۼ߹֪Ҫ㣬ͷ˵󡣹ȻʬŤŤߵɴһƼκۣŵתԭ·ߣȽűΧʱֹκ̫ѨתȻģһ㣬ŵתܣǺǡ
Զԡ
κ۹ӰɡҿûʲôĹˡطҲܴҵʬܴɳ˲¹ͷĹʲô˱϶ҲǱųģһඣ
˺üѣӡκۻûϣɼԶȻһȮ֮
κ۲Ȼɫ䣬˲󣬱һš
Զʲô
κۣȶ˵
Ƭ̣ǽֻȮ
κһվֱȮͱƵöȥȮͣһʲôˡ
κ۽п಻ֶǿվ𣺡ȥɣ
һŲκ۵㶯һ£㲻ô찡
ĬƬ̣ŵ㡭ȷſ
ĿİѭȮһ·ǰȥȴɼȦֻȮĽҲԶκһĹУǿӦЩô˵ˣ󣿡
Ϊ裬Ż˵·봫Ŷǲ׽ӰȴЩ˼ˡ
ֻȮ˰ʮ㣬˱ѭǰȥʱɼУһɭɭʯֳ
ʯԻҰɫʯɣҶÿһ޳˹İԲ״·ֻڵϡ
·ȻʯҲǿѨ硣⾿ǲǡ˱ʲôǾ˵ˡ
ֻȮʯȺΧܣʱ࣬ʱС߽Ȼ΢¶ӵˣȴûĶӣǳǽеøʯǰצڵٿٵ𣬽Ѱκ۲ʹصôߡأôˣ
ȮʼڶûκҲûСȮһģҲһƵģһ˷·ʧˡ
ȥ
κ۵ôûš
ûšҰɫʯܷʵʵδŴֻȮƺҧ½ǣֲңƹȥҧκ۵°ڣϡ
κۻǶҪˣ˫֣տտտտտտ
ȮκۣκһֻСȦƵʯ֮ﾹһ˸ߵĶڡ״϶ǴССʯǸոձԱըġںĿƺк⡣Ȯɿ죬һУֳ˷ҡβ͡
ض˵һǽǿƿʯȥ֮ȴ˲⡣
ܳԶʰ磬зĵɫΣڵǰ·һȽ롣κ۱ǹƵҪˣųȥЩײһšס֣֪𱸻޿κΣҡҡͷ
ȮģҲŬ壬ƺĳ赲⣬Ҳ岻ϣֻڶβҡԽκۻϲüҪˣ֣˼ɫĽⱻqqܳĳɫ
·ʯڲȴɭκ¼װںͱ쬵͸磬űȮųһ亹ˡڵĹϨһʧԽߣԽǿԽǺڰ
ʯԲΣκ߽űʯ΢Ļ
̲סְ̫ͣѨϣ΢üͷ
ͷΣ
κ۵ó
ʯڣ÷·һĹҲһĹ
κ۶У˿̵ǣȴһƬ֮С


22  4

     
Ǵ˷ġ
ǰңͷ£һƬ˽ϤϤŮ٣дСκĳЩǵ־䣬ת˲ţ׽סȷеۡ
ʵ̫ˡ
κһּѹס̫ѨһִǬȡһֻĵķа̡а̵ָΡΡƣԽԽ죬ʱȻʼת
ϴδɽϷаָǹ졣ȻԶתһҲͣαָ˿ӷ˼
κвӰԽԽŨ裡
ʯһ󣬲δӰκۺ˼ӦǰʯҶյģߵ֮󣬺ȻһʯһڵĹײġ
ڹײİʮͻأľͨڳδʮƯκۿøϲ̲סľʼʵƣ޵ùס
κվ࣬һۣͬʱ֣׸Ǵ򿪡
׸Ǳ򿪵һ̣ܵȻɱǣˮһûκ۵Ǵǰһֱ˫۾͵ţЩ۾ĵؼӲǵһһУҪ򿪹ľȻκ˼ʮֿܣѾӦԸ˱ǡħצͻ졢ˮ硢ɢԹȵȵ׼Ȼϣǿ衣ȻʲôûʲôûС
⾹Ȼһڿչס
κԸ⣬Щʧ貢δڴˡֿЩܳԶʼ磬ӨӨ˹ײĵĵײŷײﲢʲôûСֻĶԤڵʬ֮ҪСö࣬ڹ׶ǵײ
ײһѳ
˵ʣԻƽɣȥз޳ѩڹ׵׵һ첼ϣӳѪһɫɭɭһɱ֮
ײﲻʬ壬ȴһѵ·ϵƬʯһŹ֣͸¶Ź졣
˺Ϲ׸ǣȥмʯҲĹײģľʵأͬÿһڹײһѳֱһ䣬ûнӰκۺϹ׸ǣ΢΢Ѱ
üһٺڹľϣ֣һָк
ֻ˶̶һΣֱ㳷Ϸڲҡ
ȻһԷһ
κ۵顷
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κۿȻǰĳһ롰㡱صĶԻӣϴû˼룺տ̫Ϣˣѧҭˡ
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κ۵б˰ȷʵп֪ܲԼζ㲻֪֪˭ɱ
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Զࡣ֮һһС
κ۵м֪ˡʣûһʮ˴
ԻС
κʣ
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ɫȻ˵
κһơ
ָӦþʯǷһͨδ衣κ۵˵Ѱɣ
ڣܡ
ҲǣǺѹ֮£Ȼ޷˵ѣֻʵӦκ۱ʯﵽңʲô©˵Ļܵ˼Ƭ̣ΡõӦ֮ȴɫ΢䡣κۼ״æʣʲôˣ
꼸Σηʿ
ⶼ̽ݵϸκ֪һõ˲ͬѰĴ𰸣Σ
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κ۵ɫҲȻˡ
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εĻӦϳ꣬κ۵ԭأ泯ϣ졣һ£ǰһֹϢ֮ʱǰ
κһﲻתϡ죬㳯ǰ߲Ȼǰʼտһ
ڼֻǼԽԽҲߵԽԽһ
һֱߵھĬ
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ʧٵĽ裡
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һߣûõóףƤ⸽ڹͷϣͷǸϻںҵĳƵˮɫģóǸŮˡվŵģǼԭΪȱ߻еʬǣǶŵġ
κ۲ȥˡ
˺󼸲糱ˮӿ
ȷˡʯǽȫ˵ʬǡ
ͷŵףϣվţţţš
⾿ʲôط


23 

     ڴʱеĽȻ
˵棬Ĵӵκ뿴ҪʲôûֻƹԼһȣ²Ƚǽվոձŵĵط˫ƽ࣬ƶ֮ǰһģһ
κ۰´ǽקǺЦǹŹ֣˵˵ز˾ͻȻԶԶһŭȮŵһȮԴǽȥ֮󣬱ԹԵڶҡβֿͣͰ͵صǰ˴ûҽһȴеñ֮ǰκһζҪ׺
졣
Ҫ裬ȴκһѱ𣬵ȥ
˷ԭ·أһڣͼȮǣһ򣬺׷͵͵ĺκӲͷƤˣ˺üƫһŤͷŽ裬Ⱦͷ˹κ۲ҽһҪѽӳȥʱһǰ
ȮɲסּβͣûͷΪʲôǰȥһݼȡһ鲼ƬݸκۿƺһƬ½󡣸ղһһ⸽ε߿̽μɣȮĽǵ⡣κ۵ûԶ׷
ȴء֪˭
κ۵Ҳ֪·봫ҥԡʬ󡢽ʯģһͬһˡЩǲץУץ鷳ˡ
׷ͽ裿
κ۵Ҵ·룬Ҹط٣֮ǰǸеĵطϡ
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Ǿ䡰һġһۣٶԣתߣȮæ˹κæҽеȵȵȵȣѹߣߣ
ֻۻӸµؿ˺ȮһۣΥصظѭ׷ȥʱͷ衣κĨ˰ѺͷһȺɭɭʯ±裬·롣
ʱѽƻ裬һʡµ꣬˶һΪǱ·ƵƵעĿκۻصȮ׷֣һҿ͵꣬ôǮ·Ҫһ䷿ȰѽǼͰ͵Ľѩ˼۰ֳѥӣȻͣ
СϣƺһƬӰκ۶ܾߣⲻӰһƬٺڡҲ˵ٺڣǶۡ
аһǣһ֣˵˳ײʲôаĶһǺţһ㡣ҲܾòҲҹмǺŵĲ֫壬򵥵Ҫ
ȶ˺ɫ춺ۻ졣κ۴ûɫŨɢ˴ĶۣԽɫԽ࣬½Ŀܣ⿪£ź͸һƬ࣬۲δˣ˿
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κ۲Ȼɫ䣬˫Է׷β˳ֻȮһ˱Խκۣ˵ȱߣʮȵβɨ
Ȼڴˣ˵ѾץʯĿ̽ߣȥָĵصغˡȻ˿̣κûȥЩˡ
һ壬ǡǡ嵽˽衢һҵǰ
˫Ƭ̣κĬĬתܡ
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վһԣ۵׾ֹ;ɲζݺݵضʰ㣬ţ
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Զдͳ·ÿһȻжϣҧгݣǺ裬ϲ


24  2

     
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ҵһշ㽫κ˽ȥϣȮ˽űߡκ۶һ̾˹뷽Ŷ̶һʱ˵ģĵζԸôָơ
ߣԼһ衣
ΣᾲĬԡⱭڣûкһڣȻݺˤϡ
΢ǣ㡪ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
С󣬽β֪κ۶ٴȮǰ񱼵Ķ̬Ӳпɣ֪֪ײģȴƱ粻ˡǱϵѹһء
κ۳ϿҵصҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ǲ֪ڸġ
ǴǰԻ໥̨༥κ۲˼Ҳһĺ޳
ŭЦãǾͿ޳˭
߲һȮվ
ͬһѾκۻ亹ۿ˶ߡ¶ĿĶȮ˲ߣ߶͵͵ӽŵ׵ͷ顣ʱ˵ѼǲΨһǵõģǱһ·׷ϵĿֻšȮצʹʱĵ׵η壬Ҳ޷˷޷
ȻβĿ˭
κǶ䣬ǵ÷Լǲǽʲôˣֱγ˺Ȯǿػ꣬Ƭ̣͵Ťͷȥ뿪λбһޣַ棬ȥκ۵Ƭֱ̣˵ҵ㣬ʲôʱϵôˣ
κ۵ʱףղѿڶ˭֡
ɭȻЦϴڴɽΪǸز˺Ϊʲô
ָĿڣԡĵһ㡣Ͼҹɹʲô£ϲ᲻ǵá˴̵Ķ˷֮ݵ㣿û׼Ǻ͵ʲô顣
̱ưʵᣬָκȥˣעԴǡ
εҴӲעѵ㲻ǵˣ
κ۳ǵҲǡ
κߵҲעԴǡǲǵãϴڴɽԽûעԴǣ
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ηһɫЦûúð챻ôǣȫǰ͡˼ҹ˶£Լ˵Ļ˷ģˣĸôģ
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衰ŶһŲԶȥתκæһˡʧɫܱ𴩡ôˡĸӱ顣軹֪ͦŵ˵ѣ˵ޱ˳֪ͬңԭͻڸ˽˵֣κϣ֡һ־ͻðɣͷﻹпջɡؿڿ챻űӣκߵĵϣ޼ˣĶĺù
κ۵ǸˣҲһΣ㾿Ҫ
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ˤϷﳤȥȥ裺Ǹ˸ҿˡ˵ʲôţҪҪҴӻߴӣȶ죬²סֱӿָͷ
κ֪⼸仰ǹ˵ԼģвԼǾͬлûٿں֪ˡһסô˾ˣһʲôָʲôˣεⲻʵġſãͷˣһȣ˼巽λһ֣ȥ׷ڵˡ
һ󣬽ȥǱߡ㣬ȥԱšվڴſڣҽȥ
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κ۾ܾСǴ󣡡ȡֵķʽ˭ѧģ˵϶˾ˡ꽭ҲС̹ȡĶʲô򡱡С·֡жСڣʲôˣͣ£Ҿ˾ˣȥɡҷߣǳƽˡ
κ۵֪֪˾ΪʲôҪץң
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˵꣬תߡ˼ͷֵվŸʲôߣҾ˾ץ㣿Ҹ㣬ҪΪҾͻм㣬ҪָҶ˵ЩĻ
κ۸ˣһأĻǷ˵ɵġ
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κ۵лл㡯͡Բ𡯡
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κ΢΢һЦҪ˵Ȼɫ䣬ȻΣ㣡
͵ϵ硢ˣԭ飬һ֣æתȥκ۳ûһֵϡѽƽŵϣܣ쿴ϵĶۡʹһЩӣȥ֪֣Σһ̾Ϣ
ЩȻⲻˣȴ԰תƵԼϡ
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κȻǾ˵Ҫȣ
ŭ˵˵ѣ䣬ʲôҡ
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˵һЦһЦࡣʲôѹϡʲôضܿġЩûûΣܺá
ιһϣý߰˻ȥʱ򽭳ҲŰ˾꣬˼С߷κۺܺ¹ýΰѼСߡκܲ⣬һͨƢˤ˦ɫ޴һǰѹˡ
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϶ȤôллټҪȥˣ

25  3

     
ֻ֪һŵȴһˣȥƺЩ˹ڵءɫһ䣬ǰϴڴɽʱǯס󣬷ϥؾҪȥ쿴ȡκܾţæ𺬹㲻
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ְקͨĶ۶ѣҵʱɢ˾СҪң㲻ҿӦץûǲģ
ĿͶ򳤽ԶһҵǰĻӣκ۵Ȱʯ˰ɡ㳯Ǽҵȥû죬ڲžȽЩ飬Ǳϵģҽλ֪ϵǿȣûֱӵɱĽʬ
վ󣬺ȻκӤ
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ǴǰտһᱻǺסҪô˦ˣҪôǡλӦԣ˵ȻԱվǰƺҪϥ𽵹ȥκһξţæסס˵˵ˡϵ˶ѣֲȶˡ˻Ҫ˱̫ѿˡ
ѿ𣿡
κ۵ܺÿ𣿡
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䣵̴࣬ȥƽǰ˷粻һֱޱȡޱȵ䵭ݡκۼβ´룺û뵽տĻͦǿǰϷŪģһһҪֻҳûȤ̫ˡΪƤҲˡ
κ۵տǲڴɽϳˡ
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κۣ߿š
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δκ۱ŵϯϡɣһҲ̶ãչȣסԼκԽȣһλͬôҲû仯ʲôʲôһĲɷȴһ飬һͷƷζļѣףȻ˲˼档˵λ֮˵ǸˡҲ̫ӣųҲס
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κ۵㲻֪˵᲻ž֪ʲô
ɣŲ֪Ӧԡκ۱˵ˣ·һС롯͡˱ĴԣȴûκʵܺߣҥԡҥԻͨԶ·룬ԣʵʵһߡֻǵһ
еһеڶڶ·ϵʬвη˱Եͨ˴УߵˣҲĶӡЩʬ٣ɱͣҲ˺
ߣʯǰĶѰˣֻһʿ÷ΧҲͨʿϳȮרʿߺֵȼʿҲֻܱƽ⡣
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ɣԱһصǸʲô˱ǡֻҼҵأ
κ۵أ˭عײĲʬ壬ȴ嵶
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Ը
κ۵˵ʲô˱ôûгԹˣ
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κ۵ۡ
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26  4

     
Ըꡣ
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֪ҲͬΪһλ򣬱ҶɽǼң޵ǵ
֪ܡƶĿȮͷơɣŵΪ֮ҲͬѪ⡣嵶ɱءÿһλ߻ħ鱩꣬ҲҲкܴĹϵ
ɣĴiλسǽֵܣУжȣ߾ƷԸ߽ࣻ磬ƻ֮н壬мѻڼҲ𡣿iȴڷͷʢ֮ʱһҪʢ߻ħѪ߸вٱʱ׷ˡһ³ɣȻ뵽Ĵ磬һ䣬ֵЩǰ嵶궯ѹơ֮˹ƣͻһ
κüɽӽаħˡ
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κ۵ү
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κ۵ǽ˱
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κ۵ǺΪʲôʯҪʬǽ˵Թˣ
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κۡŶһĵ̫ͷ϶
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֪ᷢʲô¡ʮʬ׻ˡ
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ĹаʬϸƵģһ߲࣬һ߲٣պ뵶άƽ⡣Ĺȥһֻͨʬ䵹˵ȥ֮󣬵ᷢѹסʬ䡣ǰƫƫʬ嶼ˣһʮߡĹΪ˱гʬ뵶໥ƣֻ͡áԶǻĹУȺԼɵĿȱˡ
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κ۽ӹǿʯϸһʯ֮¶һɫĶǡ˵ָǡ
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˭֪ôùиӲعصĽ趢·룬ѰָκˡֵλҶ˵ˣǿǧܴȥȻ
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Ҳ޽⣬Ҵӵһ濪ʼ𣬾ôˣѵҪ˷˿ٳĵ·ͻҵҸɣϵ׺ǿɱһ֦ԵʡǱ֮ѵͷѰ·֪ҪķѶ꣬ҲδܳɹɣѳңޱˣҲֻŧˡ
ǲһ֪ʱκȡ㶺һڵöࡣȥģҲֻһصĿİǰˡ
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Ťͷû𻰡κֵտ

27  5

     
ŻعͷĿȴ΢ġ״κգһգۣĪеʹҪԵЦߺȻ֮
˫˫ֻյͲһأһֻǬڰ׻ĴƬʿĲˮӱĶֹƺʲô棬еҪ
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κȥѣȴ˸աתͷԭѱУ΢΢ͷר־ؿһŵݻκȡһ޹ѣѿ׵ëڵϸڶࡣ
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֮ǰڤǶβҲʴӻлѪԵĺ࣬κۼЦڵأĵΪôá²ٹһؽ͵ߡ˭֪Ŵ䣬ֻǬͻȻ˲Ǵվ
κۡۡĴһô˳ӣҴúϲˣ
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κͷ˿ԼϽĶֻһƬӽתƹĶۡ
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룬˸ɻκ۱˳Եſʱ֮󣬽ǽڣѾ˴ʯשе֣еĳƺ裬Էշʬ䡣ɫż¶һֻ԰׵֣һֻ㣬Ǿ۹ĺڷʬһƽŵϡ
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28 ¶

     
˳ǣ˲Ⱥ֮СȻʵΡ
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Ȼǰڣĵ׶ֱӺǰ캰ƣϰߡƺһֹĪζ߱ôˡ

κ۵ʲôͬ°ȷ쵽һʬϲؽǽǲԸ֫屻֡ȻˣͲ׳ȥϮϵˣһע׷顣һѾ˼䣬һȴçײ֣²˷֣Ӧòͬһˡ
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κ۵㲻˵һȫˣ


29 ¶ 2

     
ƵѽҪ˵ءˣ˵ӹһ٣Ҳʱġû꣬Ǹ˳ƼˡΣøˣǱýŪģʲôҽɣõýһһϹУǧٵֱⶼеֻʣͷӡ
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λǰڲ֪ɽϣʱıһЩ¿ĺɽͽܡеͽܶҪģΨǱ޵ɽʲôɣӴ˾ٻ쳾ʦ޹ϵ
˽Եɽɢ˲ǵõˣʵǼȼ֮Ϊֻͽܳɽˣɫɢˣǳͽܣա
ǰͽܵ³κױ֪ǣԼģλʦ¼
ǳɽ֮ʱʮ꣬Ȼδı棬ȴ˿Źķɡ
ʱ֮û꣬ڴΧ˸ǷͷչҺУĴ˲ΪáǳĻ֮ɽϼѣʦˣҹԣһβһѳֻɽεͷһս
ڼҼƷòΪ˵õˣΪۣ׷ͳ롣ǳȴȫлԲԸκңȴһλһһҪһȫµĲѪԵɡ
έʯڸգֽԺáʱһ˭ʲôֻѽ֮£ͷһ뵽ģѰİҲӲƾܣԷѡ
ŰǸʱġ


30 ¶ 3

     ϼƼĳմż˳ҹԣ࣬Ȼ;нӵجģæϻءֻǱ˶ƳҵıһײеĶ飬⣬һͷˮ
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⣬ת˭֪һתվ                        


31 ¶ 4

     ֮κ΢΢ң޷۹·˷ǲ뱻˾쵽ĵҲȻ׾٣էһͷ¹Խ˪ɲǼһ٣ССһ
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ȡ±ܳĵղָԼտǰ˵ġұŵıܳɡ
뵽˴űܳڷߵңӶߵȻߵĿҲ׷ת̹ޱȣ̹ޱȣֱޱȣޱȡ
κ۱ƵüֱվסţѱܳٵǰҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ƺ֤ԼĿһץסűֻ֣ܳǳɫֱᴭһҧظҪ
κ֪һͿ֪⻰ǶԼ˵ģɻǱҵһֱ۷Ƚŷ
ĵտǡһʵңǸǶµһ˰
κ۵㣬ôϳҵģΪʲôң
κ۴յýһЩҪĴ𰸡˭֪ȻһƣκƵ˴ϡ
һӶ𣬱ֱܳˤ˵ϡ
κ۱ƵðǣΪˣտ
ĳϤĵطһ£о֪һʱ飬áջ֣£˸Ǻñӣκ۵ıϸϸҴãʱϢ
ԭǿµϢ
κ۱ʣŴǲһϢһ𣿡
ܡ
Ҳգлٰʳġ
κ۵տ⿪ҡҶ䷿ǲüһŴ
ֹƬ̣˹ڱһ̵ؿʼ´κۺȵˣˣ⣡ţõģţ˯
ڰУһƬš
Ĭ˰Σκֵ֪ΪʲôǼҽˡһ뵹ƷҪ˺˶ý˭ȴ˭
۾ס졣
ꡣ
κһؿںʹ֮䣬᲻ѹȥ
Դӻ֮ÿǰϷŪնܡ
Ӧð˲


32 ¶ 5

     ΣκһҹûĿۣӲŵڶîʱ֮ǰоͨȥˣ֫Ҳܶˣݲȵأڱѵ£ӵ˴¡
Ȼ´Ӳǰ°һءԭҲ·˵ģɰǵһ룬öӡκ΢΢һס֣Ľ޺ۣ֪ףҪ·ôһ飬Ǹܵ⣬ᶯ˶üۡ
һʹӴϹȥ
ʵԹŵĺܾȣһҲˡĸ֮ĵڶ峿һһ˳ԱߣԼ±˰أ˻ͬһŴͬһûǸȥš
κñӰڰڹؿڣֻ¶⻬ļͷ㡭
κ۴űߵţ
ҡ
κ۳գһۣЦù죺ñѽ

κ۵£ʲôǵ𣿡
治ǵˣѩˡ
ǵþͺáҪǻǵҹĳȥ׷κ˵Ҳ˵ʵҲ
ϷɡʯͷԼôΣκһҵǰ磬һ㡣Ȼʤ׷´λƭȾɲӰӴ˽䱸þգκƿӣԼĿӺͻûѥӣøӣֻ·Цѡ֮ڣûбۣģ
ԭأδ𻰣봫ѵ
İѾǵڶˡǱѹϵķǬ궯Ʒ˲յθֻͣһ롣ҹһһͿһڵһͿȻְѺ׵ԺȥˡκŹһʱ嶯ʧְڴϣæ£ȸ¡
ץ˼·ϣ´ով֣ӿžҪȥ˺·ûһŵʲôһΣͷһԭһϵıܳ
ʱϵѱɣһֻҰ׵ѾССǬһ룬κ۰볨Ļͣͳһֻӣ㲻ҪҲҪôֻҵĵӣҵû˵껹ĵذ·ϼͷϵ´
ɫӵؿ˿ƺ׷Լƺϸڣϰ£ǿסɫ١ֻǬһֱֻۣһֻ˫ȣһֻɡѾһĴ벿֡໥Ӱ죬Թɱ֮ǰӼ֣һΡϢ궯ŽֹϢ
κ˵ӣҪȥʰصʬ飬Ȼһֵò
Ǹŵ´ɢб¶һӼʵ壬խǿȴԿţж񡣺ῴκ̲סƣ㿴ҪǻţһƴȥҪˡ⾿ôģ
üƺŤһ£û˵˭֪κƣޱȡ˷ǬĬĬʼַʬκæÿ㽫֫御أһ˺üᡣκ۲죬ͷԼü´ϵãһģ
һƳۣǬ⿴ƺĶֹʲôң㻹أҰûаôȻҲûаô
Ƭ̣ƺʲôģҹӣҡ
κ۵㣿㻹ʲô԰ɣҲûʲô˵˺ܶ໰
ѩ׾ĺ΢΢һʲô
κۣҲʲôҪĻǣţ磬ϲ
Ŀˡ
κ۵ϲӡ

۾תͷκصû£ôɰ˭ϲҲϲϲԹô࡭Ҳ࣬ȵôЩܣϴȵˮٳָϷƫ¥ȥ㣬ˡ
Ҫţصȵȡ
κۻͷʲô
ΣգǮ𡣡
κЦУǮһ֪ҸҲһݹ
߳ȥţվһ
ƺˣһ˹ڷóһʱҲûڵĹУκȻ¥˿ջ·ת˼ȦЩʳ̨ϣ߳Աɹɹ̫ɹһһȺʮСӴӽܹ
ǰһСͯܵ÷ɿ죬קһߣߵľͷһֻݲ߲͡µطšСͯСһߺȣһ׷ֻС
Ϸκ۴ǰҲܰÿӵܵı֮գǴ಻ϲؾصУ˳ȥҹʱħ֣ϲݡÿһֻ˭ŵߡԶͬʱ׼˭ӮҡϷֻŸСӵ֮䣬ȥͨ˼ҵĺҲϲֻһ֧СȥɱȴԶԶЩŵӵˡ
κʱͽӵݣεһԶǵڶķҪôɵ̫Զ䲻Ҫô䵽ˣȴκ۵ķݷɵԶķݱȱ˵ĴһȦһֻ޵״ɫţŴڣ¼βҰڣԶԶţʻ쳣ôЩ̬䡣ǽ˹Ǽܣýǻģÿŷݳȥȵʱ򣬶һֽĸо
뵽κǳǳЦ⣬̧ͷȥȺСͯŷɵֻʲôġֻͨɫԲԲһƬ֣ǸʲôձʲôҲ֪֣
ʱһ紵ֻݷɵñͲߣֲǷڿشһ׹һСͯеӴ̫ˣ
κ۵ʱˣȺСģ֮Ϸ
˵ɽϼ嶦ʢ֮ʱɽԶ˱Ȼ亦ǱǼûغõֹǱǼҰʿ֮ϱѹ𣬰ҵ̱ɽһܱߵطڽףϱĻݱΪһִͳϷҲһ֡
Сͯͣ׷𣬺Խؾһ𣬿ʼۣô죬û̫Լˣ˭ϴ󣿡
һ˾֣Ȼңǽ¼ҵĴɱģ
κڿջǰ̨ϣýζ
Ϸ޵ɶ𣬵Ȼܻӭһǡ˵ݣΪˣϸλĳɾͲ֮̾Եˮɽƭתйٰ֪֮ӭǧֶΣɶ֮λΪ֮İټҵһˡƴ档Ҫ棬Ҳ뵱һؽԡѡλСϴ󣬺ܺ
һ˿飺iҴʤ̵Ĵ࣬շķ²Ҳ࣬Ҳϴ󣡡
ɶѽ
iȭͷɶôҲܣǼҾҪβܡ
ȻϣϷһˡһ˵
ȻѡĳλףȻǶλЩϲģiŭˣñһ磬
ôˣŵ
ŵҲŵ
ʱиСƺվˣҲ䵽̨ԣκ۲£˰֣аصҪˡ棬ҿǿһ£ϴɡ
κۣ
ͷһȻλСһϸСľǳ顣
ҲֻСӣᵥĲƽƶֵֻһˡ
һ˵ԣʥ֣Ҳġ
桱˽صΰɶȵҵģĴβңô˼˵Լ߲ߡ
ΡߣұȲ㣿ôļǵ𣿡
κĨǳЦ˲ɢˡ
⧲رһ綾Сһ££Ȼһ΢ʹ
λ桱ֵң飬һټһ޵У־һӣһʯͷЦһ󣬵أһСͯȺ֣صǸ˵֮ʱһû
κ۾÷Ǵϲˡ
λףʸ𣿡
ȺСϷʱûб˽οǺǳ⣬һʡ桱ֽ䱸ؿҪʲô
κ۵Ϊʲôûйϵˣ
а

桱ָָһͷβûп˵һ仰ĺӣǸǡ
κһȻ⺢òʮ㣬һǸӣĶͷϵһȦĨˡʣ˭
桱ƲƲ죬
ðɡȺӰյ˾衣ȷʵӦñ첻˵
Ȼ֮䣬κ۵
Ǹ綾С뱻γ֪ӵĸȥˣʲôʹ֮һɨ⡣κҲաôƵһˣôôأ
¥ʱ򣬾Ϳκ̨ϣһȺСԱ߷ְӳԣκ۱߳԰ӱָǰСѣǰǧ¼ʿȫװˮйͨذΧǣϬһ㣬Ծãעˣڵ㲻ƽʱ㣬Ѫɱأףκ㿿һ㣬תӲתתһ㣬㶮ʲôҽ㡣κۡŶһһСϸľݸκΪؽ顱ڶָ֮ת÷һȺСѺһ¶Χ˹ȥ̾ѡ

ĬĬ߽κۼˣƨµĻңСͯк𡣺ײվ·ߣ·Ц·涾

κۣԲ𰡺Ұָǳˣɡ
š
κۣôղСѿɰɰͷһȦӵǸѧ˭
һڻ̲סˣʲô
һûô򵥣κЦڣ
κֵûûûûûʲôûɣԼģðɣȿȣҪˡ

κһĹصĹѾʮˣȻ϶ɺϣһ򡣡
ΪΪΡ
κ۵ʵúãΪǣǾɱڳˡ
š
ɫרעκʱסָģʹǿЦ⣬ص룬ʬӦòǵıйֶΣһ񶾵ѹšʬѡЩ֮ʬġ
Զ໥ƺ⣬άƽ⡣
κ۵ǸĹһڳûжסԹ飬ĹˡϼѹͱʬķһġҲǴҼѧġ˺ϡ϶ϵǳ²ʲô˽ɫ
ˣࡣ
κ۵šҪˮˡңȻԷʼתʬ壬˵ѾżˣһǲȥǣҲǡȥ¶šοֵָֻܵġǶҲÿˣֻʣһֺֻһͷ­ҲҪ֮ǰ
һ·϶£һΣָĵص㣬Ǵ񶫡
һ˿ֱ֮Ĺǡ


33 ľڰ

     
һӹڶ࣬ɽţ᫲ƽ΢ط
˱ֱسָֻķǰУһССĴׯ
ȦΧéݸǶһȺɫӵĸСԺףһֻĴ󹫼վݶϣڣվתӣȻ˷û˼ЩԼһ굽ͷԼ⣬ûжĹͷιˡ
ׯǰһ·ڣͬķ·ͺͺģ㼣Ķ࣬óߡһȴӲݴ·棬һ鷽ʯվ·ķϡʯѾã˪һͷѵ˽ţʯҲпݲ
ʯϿ֣ƺǴ·֮ͨĵǸǿóǸǡ֣ǸʻĶ࣬ηñѷᴩϸСʯκҲݣ˰ɿǸʲô֡
ƫƫֱָķ򣬾·
κ۵ȥЩ񣿡
˵ͷκ۵ȻָȥʣЦǼιũŮ
ǼŮϣһİ߽ƺеӽκЦ˵˼仰֮ǲɬӦ
κָǿʯһ䣬ˢˢɫһ䣬ԥΣŶ϶̸ָָڼ䣬һҲҶ࿴վʯԵκһһһֱţĩˣƺת˻⣬ǼũŮҲչɫس΢Ц
ԶԶǱ߿˰죬Ҳκл˼ͷ߽ԵһСʯӡ
޹Сʯӷָȥ˺һ̧ͷκ۾Ȼӻȡһ˵ũŮ
վԭأʵ̲סˡ׼߹ȥʱκǸƵˡ
վصߣӦùȥġԺﻹأ
ȴûĵ٩Ӧ״䵭صʳʲôˡ
κ۵·ͨǡʯϵĵһǡ塯֡
֮壿
κ۵ҲԣҲԡ
ν⡣
κ۵ֵȷǸ֣˼ȴԡ֮壬ׯ֮塣
̤ҴӲ·ǿʯ˦κۼ⼸λ˵Թסʮ֮߶ҪôҪôй÷ʬׯǳࡣټϵزײֽǮɥ֮ײĻֽ˶վտԾͽ֡
·ϳ˿ݲʯв׾Ĺ֡Ŀһֱκ۵Ľ£κ۱߱ߵ˵ߵ˺ȥǣ˳ͻҲ뿪⼸꼸ûӰ·Ѿķ˺üûˡȻߡ
ء
κۣʲô
Ǻ
κ۵Ŷ˵Ǹ֬
ӵʱ·мٵʿһС֬һֱϡκ۵˼ҴܵøлұҪӣŻ˲աǺϲǸ֬ζûùֶͳȥˡ
˶٣ֵҸʲôǺ֬ǲáڵֲȴǰϴһѻݲλ͹û͵ˣܱûǿ
ǱʲôܲĻ䣬üһ飬Ťͷ
еĵ·ǰУӲݽϡ٣£أ·Ҳ𽥿ȴԽԽŨ
ֱ£ȭʱһưܵĳųڳ·ľͷ
ͷĽ¥ȱᣬһǣ쳣ưѿǽϾǲ֪һͿѻŵĺɫʳ˰ɫŶһһ÷ڣţ·˸ƿһ죬˽ȥ
ûȥ˸оȻǸȺħĹط
κ·ʱһֱ´˳ǰ۵ˮ
ͷɽˮ񡣡
涼Ǹɽͱڣɽбѹв֮ƣ·ʱ˷qqӴɽҰΧţڲҲҵİħֻħ֡վؿڷĿڷ͸һǿҵвС
ԹС˽ܵ顱˵˵ҲеġĳЩطڵƺλãˮӣȻһùƣסڴ˵ص׶زۣ²˳汲ڴˣù˹Ҿ󣬷ʬ䡢ػ¼ĿǱصĺüȻǾһط
ֵطһλƫƧҹܲȻҲܣ鷳ˮԨ鷳ˮԨϣˮȴԸıġû˿޺ĻҲһֻ۱һֻۣ֪ˡ
ǳоѵð취һطƫƧ֮أǺ¶ıġʮ֮ߵ˶˵Լʮ֮أƺһ¡
ߵǰһ
֨ѽظĳᣬûжĳţˡ
ǰûгˮҲûʬ档ֻǵصİɫ
ȳŨֻǿǰһֱĳ֣ûӰķݡ
ȻȻԷһС
˿ǰ죬ȴžûȮͶһ˿
ȻǱֱָĵص㣬ǲ죬Ž֡
ųһԽУԽŨأ·硣һʼǿʮ֮⣬岽֮㲻ʶٵֲָˡκۺԽߣԽǽ簤żǿ˴˵κȻһͷ˳Ĳ嵽֮䣬˱ˣ»֪᲻ᱻ֡
ʱŵߵʲôͷȥȴ޷Ǻκ۳ס֣Զˣ۲쿴һŭĿԲͷ­ײߡ
ͷ­һݣŨüۣ쳣ͻأ졣
κ۷߹ͷЩ߷ɣ֪ⶫмＸô϶˵ͷһӵһ飬ҲĨһƬ
ԭһֽɵͷ
ֽͷΩΩФױݿţȴΪ¡زɥֽ˵ĹȻֽֽˣŰոߣڵܿ࣬ϵɽ͹ѾŮ̷ˣȡȻЩֻԼοѡֽͷӦһʿ
ʿ˼壬Ǵ֣˵ȥܱ֮˲͵йٵ۸ոֽǮҲᱻСߡֽͷԭһһߴʵֽ壬֪˭קӵ˽ϡ
ֽͷķںڣһһƣйκճͷƤϣ·ͷ˼յ治Īȡͷճȥģ
ͻȻһϸݵĺӰٱ
Ӱü죬˹ȥɲǼʧŨܳԶʣ׷ǵӰȥٿջС
ղǸȥĶ̫ܵˣԲܴﵽٶȣ
񡣽䱸
ȻղֻǲѱһΣͲʲôˡ
κղûУ
Ų
Ƕ̶̵һ˲˼ٵĽŲǻһֵպ࣬ڵϷô򡣲֪Ϊʲô
ʱǰ֮УִһŲ
εĽŲᣬҲܶ࣬ӡ·ڽس߹ȴƫƫһ仰Ҳ˵κ۷ַһȼƮƮسǰȥǰʲôԹĶͻȼһƬط
ҲʲôͻȻѣ
ɫһĽâɱϮܳݳʣκǰһ⣬â˳ءǱһæҡ֮ջرܳκ裿˼׷
ȻûŰ𣺡ô㣿
κ۵һôأ
˼׷ƣȴǻϲĪҲڣǲǺҲˣ
һҲˣ̱죬·ֱʩ˽ԣ±ΡҲһˣղǱܳɣǱܳ԰ɣ
κ۵ţˣھءǶ
һȺ֪ѷǵУɴ⣬һΧ˹˽ҵһȺС߰ε֮꣬ɫδʾӦҲݲ͵ӵܡκ۵ôһ־ôݣкȻ˵ͨô졣
跴ûʲôͨˡûˣ
˼׷ͷգҾȻûһҵ̿š
κ۵Ȳô۵һģԼ˽ҹԵġǸ˭˳ۡ˭Ҫܵĺԣ֮ǰֺ⼸СеĦôһҹԡ˼׷ʱش𣬽͵˵ˣǱڡ
ڴʱдһ󿦿գ̶쳣ô
Сɫ䣺ˣ


34 ľڰ 2

     
ô֮죬ֺԶȫ޷жλ޷жʲôڷͻأֹĹ
κ۵ҶҲ
֮УһȺС߰س˲ˣȴ˼Ƭ֮ȻֹΣһӵСҪǵʲôʱ򣡡
κ۵һֱǣ
˼׷ǽ̫֮ɢһ𣬺Ȼ֮ʱûô죬һһ£ĺǰİʿһСӰ߹׷ȥȴʧˡ֮һֱǡ
κ۵жఫС
˼׷ԼؿڸȻһ£ܰС
κ۵ǽˣ
˼׷㡣
㣿κʣǽˣ
ɵİһ㡣
㿴κ۵ǽʱǳôܵǰȥۻǡ
̲סˣûۻһֱ·ڳǰߡ
ڳǰߣѲ·ֽţһѭ
κʣԹȥ𣿡
˼׷ԹҸоϷ˺ܳһξ룬ʵûߡһЩģĺӰڿܣ֪ʲôҵ޷Ӧˡ
ԣ˶ĬһһͶһʼǲδеİ¿벻Ȼγɵ
Ǿжɣ
κ۵ӦûСǶôˣһš
֪ҾͰӴˡͷ¿
κ֣ϸһ㼦ƤǵǻûأȶҧģСƻ˸ţ˭ֻֻҲˡ
κ۵ʲôҵСƻҧˣ
裺ͷ¿ܸҵȮӿСҵģҪʲô£һͷ¿Ҳⲻ𣡡
κſںߵѹˣҵСƻǺ͵ءôܰСƻɽҹԣˣ
СͬƭˣǾԺƷζ۹ˣҲܾš˼׷šԲĪӡСƻ¿֪ÿλǰͶѾãɽҹһҪߣǾ͡
Ҳǻ¿͵ģͷ¿ҿ˾ᣬʲôСƻˣ
ǻ룬һǺ͵ǾͲãæΪ˵СƻôƻͽСƻʵֱʹӺʮ֣
裺ˣһͷýȮԡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ѻȸ
Σκ۵𣿡
һƬءʾڡص
ȻһԽˡκ̲ס촽Ϊҡ
ڴʱǰİУ˽Ų
Ųһһ٣ţǰǰ棬ҲͬȻ̫ŨӰӣȳζȴѾƮ˹
κȻʬϣᴵһӣβ𣬺֮⡣֮ЩʬȻһ١
˭֪һ̣ȴ͵س˹
κûϵȻã̼ǡǾԲܰѡˡֲָ̼ͬ͡Ūģ
Ȼ˿ˡ߰ᵹӰڰ֮СаŨȣܿǵӰʹѾüˣ
ܳıɫâƳΧˣڿзɻһȦʬնϣջСκ˿ΪΡ
κҲΪΣΪ⼸ʬ߻и֮϶ʲô߽ʬӦ־ܡ˵ҵͻȻ֮ʧЧˣҲûܣֲǿûгֹ֡
Ȼ䣬뵽һ£΢΢߳һ㱡
ԡǡûгֹʵǳֹģҲֹһΡȷһʬ޷ʹ
ǾǡѾµʬ飡
˽ԣ˼׷˵ˣǲΣգǲǸ̳ǣ
ǣôŨ·߲ͨҲɲȥ
һӵܵʬˣ
УûŲ
Һֵĺ˵ŷԼ˵˶ЦĻڨڨ죬һǷˡʬˣôܻк
δ䣬һ׳Ӱײ˹ܳٴγʣǵӰӵͷ룬ͬʱáĹ죬ýļӵУκ۵ˣæôˣ
ǵǾʬʲôʲôĩֿȣʮֵùղǡ뿪˵˲ٷ۳˲̬һޡ˺ü¡ʬĶǿɷͬСɣĩƬŰóȻθȳԽ컹Ѱ졣κ۵ǶƬطվԶ㣡ҿ
ǵŶҿ㣬Ķ
ֲָģٲСκܳÿγʣĽⶼܴ͸תͷԵһ½߹
վԣȴûӦҲûж
Ȼ߲֮ĵطһɫĳξ⡣

һֱվųĬ˭
ͻȻκǰһڣǰƹһźɫס
֮ΪɫΪϣһŨŨĺ
ץҵķǬһץ֣ȻǬȻѣֻһšԹĶ飬泯Ϯ
κЦǬɲʹҵҸʲô
ԴϴĹض߾Ĺ˸ڳɡ֮κһֱ²ȻϰݣŻжʱܳᡣȻǽǣĹ˱ô˶ӵڻˡҲȷˣֻκͰװֱ۵ķǬҵ˰
һԷԽνʣǳԹ֮ļУƺһնɢκĵȻǸΪߵġڷصˣ
ѣֻƾ֪ͻĬȻӦЮһߵıܳ˻ش
ʱΣֹۡĹ˵Ľϸһ͸ڰҲεúܺáıܳȴǵҲסġڰΪͣϤϵĽ·ͬä˼ɣȴҪĲ˼ʵǴκ½е֮ͷһѿڶտ𣿣
Զһƺߣƺ˵Ҫ֮Բ
ܡ
κЦҲǣ
ƺЦһͦսܳĹâɽ֮ԽԽԶκ֪ԸǣսȥԸĹˣʣµȻǽԼˡת˷ĩô
˼׷еվסˣ
κ۵۵м
ңһʬһĹˣûĶɧˡõصҲûгҡʣµӵΧһһ١κ۽ӹǣĶͷеաʬķ۳꣬ҲˡǵƤͷ
ǣ
κۣšϲʬˡ
裺ʲôùϲģ
κ۵Ҳһ̸ʡ
ʬԭһǱʬץҧ˿մȾʬߵĻѪҺߺʬץҧģҲû˭ʬĵҩϡ˼׷Īӣǻ𣿡
κ۵ڻû£Ѫȫûȿ
˼׷ᡭô
κ۵ʬôǾôһ˳ˣһͱɳëʬӽֻˡ
˶ӵ뵹
κ۵ǰɣ
ͷκ۵ξãȫԹҵĻÿһ˶Ҫ
ȻкЩʶ뺬ƽƣ׽ֱһɭɭǣ˶գ㷲ܵκ˵ܴһʲôĵĪţͱǣűˣӦã
κ۵ôߣǸʲô͸ʲôΥûУ
ף
κƵûжıжģǿş̌ţǵͷ೯ϡ
ǵ߰ΪʲôҪ̧ţ
κ۵磬ѪͻúܻܿٶҲܿ졣ԣһҪٶһ
Ǽվһ齩ֱİӣͬ齫ǿһ걻ͬſڱϣղǾʬ۵ʬĻ
رԹ˵ˣǾǻˡ
˼׷ĪӣǱˣȥﰡ
ʡĵľ˼׷ˣκ۵ǿ϶ʱˡȥš
ʲôţ
κ룬˷ӣʲôŵ𣿡
ҪǽЩȥ涼ѾΣķˣ˭֪滹ʲôڿǡ
⻰һ˵̾ã˫۾Ũͷ֮󣬽ǵһһһһУɵëȻκ۵˵ΣգաѾˣҲ㲻ȥˡ߰ɣ²˳٣ýⶾء
ֻԶУκ۵ÿһ˶ǰһ˵ĽʣֹڴɢҰš˰죬ûлӦûˣȥɡ
κ۵ԶԶƮ˭˵û˾ͽȥģáҪ˵ӡ
㻹Ҫ˵ģ
κ۵ԡúãղõ̫ˣܲò
ЩһŰľ߿壬ջǡݺڵ϶˶š
ÿһҡÿһűյʵʵôҲȻԽԽǷ꣬˲١˼׷ȴһֱƽͣõʮӣظǾظεĻ𣿡
ȻŰ嶯һ¡һϸϸĺڷ챻򿪡
ܺڣŷ֮ʲôŵҲû˵ýļ겻һС
˼׷񣬵ǵ𣿡
ΣһϹŹֵŷй©ǡ
κ˹˼׷ļ磬Ҳ˺󣬵ǳأ̫˷˺ܾЩˣ֪ܲǽЪţ
ǸŹֵ꣬ǹЪŵġ
κ۷·һҲﲻԾɫ糣ɹûĵﻹˣ治и㣿سꡣ
̲סǮسꡣ˵ҿǲġ
κ۰һµСǮǰ˻Σ㿴ʲôǴ󾪣㵨Ҳ̫ˣǺģ
ţŷ챻ԴЩȻǿĳ裬Ѿܿ壬źվһͷҰסޱ̫̫
̫̫Ȼձէǳϣʵƺ˰߲ܶ࣬˵λҲɡţÿԸǽȥˡ
ǾȻĿ˽ȥ
κҲǵȻһֻſŷ￨أҲزϡٲҽȥҾֱˡ
裺
ǹɭȻסҲԲʲôͨա̫̫μɣһȺӵֱֹȻһǧһԸݣⲻ·޷ֻñжҶͬ飬½š̫̫һţǽˣ̰ŹϡʱһƬʵʵڡκ۵Ϊβƣ
̫̫ϣԼ㡣
˼׷պվһԣһյ͵ƣһֳϻҡһŻȼոհսо̧һɨɲǼһӽų嵽ͷͷƤˡ
̵顢Ħࡢһӵˣ˫ۣһգգضǣ


35 ľڰ 3

     ֡յ͵Щˤ֮ǰκ۽˻ݵһֻﻹȼյĻһȼŵϣЩ˼𣿺ա
ž죬վģˣһȺֽˡ
Щֽ˵ͷһСʮ־£ŮͯӡеĶǡʿɸߴ׳ŭ̬֮ŮĶòϺõŮ˫ߣ٣ڿֽ£ҲܿóȣֽϵĻĽۻҪɫģŨī޲ʴ̣лûɫģͨ廨׻סÿһֽ϶ͿĨ죬ϵɫǵƺûüϣۿȫ׵ģͿԽŨޣԽҲҡ
ﻹһӣм̲һκ۽֮һһ𣬻ƹ˴ӡЩֽˣݵһһһȦֽԪڤǮѳСɽ
ԭѾѽγֻ֣һɥĵ̣׾˿սʡҼλʿҲЩ㡢ɭɭųǼ٣ʱŹֺһƤ񣬷ñҹͨ޻Ҫ̼
ŨҲŨ֮ǵ˿̲׾ٵؿԷġκۼǷˣ̫̫ܷһã
̫̫ƺϲ⣬Ƕݺݵضյ͵ƣں棬Լá˵꣬һض㵽һ䷿ȥˡŵüһſ϶йŹ֣㡭κ۵˵ˡҪ˰æ˭
˼׷æ
վñֱô찡
κ۵վţ㶯ͲҪ
˼׷κ߳һȥһɶù˼׷ⱲӻûŹֿµζһͷΣȴסûȥҲ˹һž˳ȥƴȷʲôζ㲻취ⶾʲô
κ۵ãô֪Ҫһæ
ҲæģŻ˭ɱ˸𣿣
κ۵С㣬ѽͽһæͻȥţһ˹
貪Ȼŭ˭ǽС㣬˵Сĵ㣡һӣΪȥŤһպߵҵҪ㵽Ҫʲôŭ˽˭֪κѵһ˵һֻӣǴ淢ġһһֻɫﾡɫаСɫ
ֱ˳ȥκӵݸ˰ɡĶŵõС
һӶģɣӳȥͲָٰˡسʱκۺ˼׷ȻӺԺͰˮϴڸʲô
˼׷ڿҿҵر߲ߵϴ̨
ϴ̨ʲôֲҪԵġ
κ۵˭˵ǣҪԵİɨЩ֩ˡ
˵ֱ׳ȻڽĪһֻɨ֣ϡͿؾͿʼˡԽɨԽòԾɨӵκͷȥκִһֻӣ˳ȥȴûж˱ˡ
˶ܿ죬ñȻһ£еĹˡõĲ񣬰Ƕѽףûȼܺϴһڴһˮκ۴ӵڶֻﵹһŴףԸɾˣŽ
ࣿ
κۣš
ˤĨκ۵㿴㣬һͷ𡣿˼˼׷ɵʲôû˵ءʲôá
ʲôõģˮԡҷΪ಻𣿣
κ۵ҲǸԵġ
ŭ˵ʲôҸôûûҵķݣ
˼׷ĪӣǲǣԽʬ
κЦǿԣܽʬĲ࣬ŴסһӡһǰŴ׷󵽱ץҧ˿ϣһǽԣȻۣԹãͼӰǲǱץҧʬֻۣŴȺˡ
˼׷ȻѹһҪݣҪ˵ݡסĵطпܻгܲŻŴס
˭֪׷˶ûܲܳԣһûùˣȫǻңⶼˡǸ̫һѵóԶֲܻٹȣôģ
κ۵ҪôһֱûסĵˡҪôǣóԶ
˼׷óԶǾˡλ˼ңкġ
κ۱ù͸ƿƿ޹Ķֽ࣬ߵˡǻû˵أôһûôɣպ˰ɣ
ɫңҵˣļ׷һġǴǱ׷ġ˼׷Ǵа׷ġ
κ۵ʲô
˼׷ҡͷ֪һֱû¶棬Ƕ֪ʲôʲôˡֻʲô֯
ԭǰգƭ˾˷κۣʼյνλĴȣ͵͵ߣʧٸʮգȽλٳǰϵ罻εĸˡһ·˿ӵһСǣѰһҹԵص㣬һջЪϣڷﱳͻȻſűߵӳʱҹֹȮȴ漴
Ȼˣʮֽ꣬צڵϷ٣裬˭Ӧ㲻ȥᡣȻ˰ʱٴ
ӴӴӷ˳ȥ˸Ȧ¥תҪӱ䲻⣬ʲôҹ뵷˭֪˸գһûԼǰκˡ
˸ۣſڣʱ׼ϮˣһҹûϢһҹȴʲôҲûֻһֱһֵˮε䡣
ڶ峿⴫ŶһŲȽһƬѪ֮УһϷˤ䣬һ㣬ûҵ
һֻɫè
˲֪ʲôʱǰϷһֻèʬ塣ҹˮֻèѪµΡ
˺üջˡҾ׷ʲôطĪèʬ壬Ҿ͹ȥһҪʲôڵ
κת˼׷Ҳǣ
˼׷ͷǰǼаҹԡһʱȻ̳һֻûƤèͷ֪ǣǻһҿջϢʱڷı﷢èʬһ춼׷ӣڲͬһ£һж׷һһʯǰĴһλԻָǵ·
κĵһλԻ
С·ʯڵĴׯʱ䣬ӦñǵʱûʲôԻֻмߵιũŮڿң˵˳ȥ˻ˣҪþòܻ
κԽ룬ɫԽࡣ
ԷɱèʬûбĶȻȥͿֲܿǲδʵ˺Щ·ǵĺĺٸʵ
УȺСͷصκպҲǴ񶫣ȥֱ˭ڿȺ¶СѺߵĶ˾ͷһ
һ¶СһΣδ֪ĵص㡢һʬɱʮĲ֫͵Īׯ֮²һģһ·
⻹ӵġκڱȽϼɵǡ˵˿̾
˵κ۱˲ôܣȴһֽ͡Ͼܹԭֻм˶ڣȻ˵Ѿˣ˭֪ԭ䵽˭
ڴʱ˼׷ڵһȲһĪǰŴˣ
κۻعͣ½ϵĹù˼׷ղϴõʢһ׳ˡ˳ȥɣжһһ룬ιǳԡ
Ȼ˳ȥֻһڣˣʲôҩ𣿣
κ۵ʲôҩǽҩŴࡣ
ǵҲŴΪλǽҩҴûԹôŴ࣡
˿ڵķ׷׵ͷһģκ°͡Σ˺ܳκ۵Ŀζ֮أ֣ȻζܲˤѳԡԶ̲סһһ׵ؼϣղźûס֡˼׷֮£볢һڣˣסû磬۷죬ĵζȻµеʶء
κ۵ҩֶһһõø졣
ꡰ桱ķ׷ױʾţǿˣһʱ֮䣬ͷ󺹣ܼ尾κ̲ס𣿺ҲǹˣҲǺܳģô
˼׷ǰǰζ嵭ģ
κ𡣡
ǵãǰѳν֮󣬻һ档ʱκڸҲû˺ĵزƤҪһԷɡĶӻˣһֱΪζࡣ
룬ȻǵЩûСԷǰ˵ͳǣˣϸȻҲǵˡ
ǰĪǰ
ţκŻع˼׷Ǹ̫̫ķšˡ
֪ﴵһ磬ǼСŴһ죬ʱʱϡqqģܿ͵ӰԡκʾǲҪԼ߽Ǽӡ
͵ƹ͸̫̫ͷ·û˽ϥϸһ鲼ñӱţƺŮ졣ֻֽӲһŽһߴһö롣
κҲߣ˼ҴΪβƣɡ
ӹߣһ¾һ̫̫Ȼµ߳ӣϷţȥˡ
ղŽȥûпǸŵǻ
κ۵˼ţûò̫̫һ߻ʬ
˼׷ʲôлʬ
κ۵ͷŶʬƫƫǻģͽлʬ
󾪣˵ǻˣ
κ۵ǸղſûУ
ˡ
ʲôˣڸʲô
롣
ȥû
û
ԣȥ˼⽩Ӳû취ָӶġǲ˰ߣʬߡóԷƫƫܺǻġ
˼׷ɡλ˼ͺܴˣ̫̫񲻺ãԼġ
κ۵ҰˡǻעһûУӿŽŵڣûգһۡ
գۣκ۵գΪ˷۾ɬˣȴûҪġùߵʱôҵģ˭ע⵽𣿡
ûת顭תͷ
κ۵һȥһٻתһ£˲ᣬΪ޷תôϸµĶֻתͷ;
㶵صǲӦʼǣ
κ۵ϰߡҹԵʱп㷭ʼǣ
ҧʬ͹аˣΪʲôлʬֶ
κ۵ʬȻγɡһǱɵģ߾ǡ
ɵģΪʲôҪ
κ۵кܶȱ㣺⽩ӲжȵȡϣҲвŵ㣺ηʹ˼ܲٿء˾ÿԸĽһȱ㣬ʬܡʬôġ
ȻûѿڶѾдһд֣һκޣۣ
κۿЦãĵҿɴûֶ
Ȼȷķ
ȡðɣκȿͷɹҲǹʵһֱ˭ģôһЩˣģģµòңаʹӻϴ⣬Ū˻ʬֶܽһʧܵЧ
κ۵֣ɫˣߵκӤԼа
κ۵ţʬЩаеа
˼׷Īǰڸô
κ۵Щʬ֪ܲԼѾˣҿλ̫̫ͱȽϸ㲻״ҲȥС
ڴʱһõͻأ
ǽһȴġȴɫľһӵܵɫˡǽǺͲϵرɧţ֮ɫκ۱ʾⲻҪǱס˺κվߣ͸Űһϸĵľ죬ȥ
κһľ죬ͿһƬɫΪİ̫Ũ塣˭֪Ȼ֮䣬ƬɫѸȥ
һ˫İͫڶݺݵضŷ졣ղİɫ˫ûͫʵ顣


36 ľڰ 4

     ֱʱȻ֮ʲô⣬۾ֻκۡһһᣬëôˣ
κССص꣬Ҫ˵ڿ
ѹñС㿴ʲôˣʲô
κ۲ŲĿ⣬Ҳش𣬵šš
ɫϲ;̾ƺģӵеĺѸѹ˽š˼׷̲סĪǰʲô
κ۵ѽÿСˡһû
ÿҪ
ҲҪ
κ۵Ҫ
ţ
κ̵ÿƺܲԸһ˹ȥ׼ϸϸľ죬⿴ȥ
ʱҹҹƫ䣬еҲɢ˲٣ǿ弸ĽֵһûǸÿĶеʧĵѵղҿ˵𣿡
ûһСɱӰͻȻľ֮ǰ
⧲ȫò˸ţоƬͷƤըˡЩг֪ôģһɾؿڣסˡӲάƣͷйȥ̲סȥκֻۡɶ˿Ŵ壬վһԣһǣüЦǲǺܺÿ
ݺݵһۣ֪ǹŪˣҧгݵǰ
һתֱӣ״ںصҲˣǿܿˣ
˵֮󣬱˿վһԣȴһϵˡһǰһһŪʣ˵ĺ֮ı˶壬˼׷಻סҲվǸλáȻհ۾չȥǳʵءĽ˳˻ȥܵŵ޴룬ͷתȦҵκۣߵĪǰии
κһȻصиǸǰɣ˵˵ûϲˣôԼȥ
˼˼׷ųĻҴȥʲôϲŲǰɣ֣ˡˣʱƭ棬治֪ôģ
κ۵㲻ҲһƭˣҪѧ˾˵Ŀ˼׷ղǸ𣿡
˼׷ͷʵˡ
κ۵˾ͶˡеĴûᰡΪʲôҪˣΪڱŵʱܴԪ񼤵ʱױԣֶµľǵӴˡΪ֮ͽûޣ޻ɳáˣΪӵܣͷһҪ񣬾Լĵӱ󣡡
һԼܶղûչȥһֶġ͵Сʲô취
κ۵ͻžͻˡͬҲϰˡé޳ɣİɣңéסһ£ԡ
ëȻܾͬܣţ
κ۵ֻǴȷѡðɣҳϣûסéޣ֪ܲܳԵȥſڴƻơһҪԡҪҪϸעϸڣ̵ʱڴϸھص㡣ΣңѰҷᡣˣ˵ô࣬ûУһ˿ûҵָҪϧҪˣŶӣһһؿ
Ҫ
κ۵Ȼ˴ӲЦҲӲϷŪˡʹӾǿʼɡ˼׷ˡ
ǵҾͲ˰ɣʬ˲ܶģ˵ġ
κۣͷ
ǣ
κۣϲĶѾˡ¸ҵһɣ
ǣôͽˣƭҵİɣ
ЧֻӲͷƤߵǰһۣһۣһۣһۡκľʲôվͻӣӳ˵ġ
ҿˣ
ֵһÿ˿ʱﶼ˻˻һȦһ飬κ۵ˣÿ˵˵ǿʲôϸڡܽһ¡
ȵͫŮġܰݡûСһ͡
˼׷룬ŮӴŵؿڣڣ̫࣬ǽͷĴ硣Ǹƺһäȣܰͫγɵģǰһä֮ˡ
κ۵迴ö࣬˼׷ϸ
ƲƲ졣
һλŮӴֻʮ꣬㣬֮лһɻһľųͷľβһֻСͷС̬ϸȻ࣬Ҳ㰹࣬ᡣһһһλɰˡ
κһʱôǰ;۲ϸ¶ءλСѽһǸ֡
ϺˣתǽڣͬЦһõصߵʱ򷢳ġǰѾϹˣΪҲǿģǸäȡ
һǲ԰ϹǶɣΪ۾㣬·жƵģײʲôֻжݣҴûôϹӡ
κЦţ뵽һ㣬ܺáӦŹκһɵ㡣ھͰŪЩɵĴ𰸡
˵̶ֲ꣬һŰ塣ڵǣֻ궼ͻĶһ䱸ؾ͡
κȺֻ˸к漴ʵλһֱǣʲô¶𣿡
Ůɴ۾ǻˣ⸱ģضסȻû飬Ѫۿ֮˿ֻ˱˵͵ͳκ۵ʲôѪԺ󶼼ö࣬ǾܲǶ
ŮǰһֱǴǰתõأţֱۣۣ˿ȴͻȻı˶ȴҪʲô֣˵𣿡
ԣŮĹ˶ٶſ졣
ѪӿһĿǻӿ˳ԭͷѾȥˡ
ӵһƤֲԼͬͬ飺ѹ޷˵äƣ
κ۵ȵ˭
û˶ŮֱţڵддֻԲŵڳŮӣʶ֣Ҳдʲô߰㻭һСˣȫʲô˼
ڴʱԶһ󼱴ٵı˵ĴϢ
ŮȻʧˣӦûԼκ۲ģѸٲŰ壬ľӵҲ뿴ΣǰһԴϷ·߶סŷ졣
ϡһ󣬴˿ֻһǱӰӰƳ˹
һ£ƺˣײײһѽҲúڲšǵǸ𣿡
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䣬㴫Ƕֽ˽õĿЦһΣЦǰδеļ                        



37 ľڰ 5

     
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δ䣬һ´ܳγ⣬ӭ泯Ϯ


38 ľڰ 6

     
һű˪֮УκǰѦ˪һԷɻسУκ۵ǲǽУ粻ɣ
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⾪ĶǡһҹȥˡⲢʲôϢˣʹҲҪŨˡʱǴ粽У
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κ۵ߡ
΢΢ȻҪǸһֻߣ˭֪Ǵȥκ۵Ǹߡǽ֮һֱǰɣߣȴһ·ǣʱڸǳȥھǣ
ǺԶĪõǻ˵ֶΡŵͼȴһǻġκ۵ʱߵһʿֽͷҲǱѺ;ǵġκֵҪʲôĶֻǱﲻˡѦһʧˡ˳ڶѦ֮һġ
Ѧ󣿣ôѦǳ𣿡
ٽ֮͡ǸڴĲǳѦðġ
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ǵΪʲô˵ҵ㣬Ҫ£ߣҲߣҪһߣӦеѽ
κˣ˭ģ˭˵ӦҪֶԻģҾˣҺ˵ֻ
С׷׵ܡ
κ۵԰ɡ˷ʱ䡣ǼҺôɿ˶϶ӦԼ£һȥˡ
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κ۵ֹʬ䣬ʱֹͽ׵ʬ߳ȥתվżǰˣոʬ䡣
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ղҲЦˣЦݣǴׯʲôѵطͲᱻʬΧԼȥˣ
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Ǹ˻ģֲʵڰβϺݺšһѡһµšκϣͬܣšɲǼһ㼦ƤֻһưĴء
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ǵ˱ײһΣعͷȰȣû£Ҳ𣿡
ʮᣬؽྻϸһ԰ײĳ°忡ȻݡϰһԼָı͸һЩѪɫ

39 ľڰ 7

     
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⵹ʵƵطֻһţôûη꣬ݶɵǹǺǸ˶仹Ҫ˵Ѧ󻵻ǸȴȻӱ˵𣿡
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Ѧվ·ߣͷ΢Цǳ棬ݳ˪ᣬһ̴һࡣ
ǸǸˡ


40 ľڰ 8

     
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ȷѦѾԶŽţʵϲʶһѦˣ

41 ľڰ 9

     
ǳЦˡ
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һѸͷö­βͣһɣöӱȶԴҪϸ࣬ҲͬҪָӦѡסˣΡ˫ĿȻ˻¼ûȵ­γᰶʱͬնǣߵľẕ̇ڵϣһҲˡ
ʱдһŭң


42 ľڰ 10

     
ѦؿڱһǵѪֻڻҲܳĽ˹ȥκȴƲ壬ѦҪʲô˪˪ֲĽƾʲô˵㡯Ҫ𣿡
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ȻǳѦ󣬵ڸղţǽֲɱ֣˦㲻ˣֱܳһأõ˱ӦѦһŴķĵüɢκ۶գʹײżһЩڣ䣬Ҳǳˡ
Ļǣһֻ·΢ײһײͻײɢڴ˫΢΢˹ϣӶң»λˡ
κ۵εǳʬ壬ô죿
һСĵֻңһֳѩڵд֣ʬ𻯡ǰ
ǳĻ϶ٻزˣʬҲáɢȥֻ´Ļǣгһգع
κ۵ͷֵΣ
д˪·һͬǳħа
˶٣д˵Բ𣬴㡣
ǰûܶǳ˵Ļ
ǵɢȥܴԿ峤ֺͲ·κ۴һȺӵ߳ĹǡڳſǾʹ˱
һڵĵۣȻһѽ˪ͷѩֻ꣬ǳͰ䣬һ·
ǵ·
˼׷ıӰһǳѩ˪衡֪Ƕλûپ֮ա
κӲݴ·ϣÿһݵأĵǳͰѦȻġ
ǵܸøǽ׹ʱ򿴵ʲô˰ɣǸôѦΪʲôҪðǳ
лУղǸǹ𣿹ڵȥôûˣôͻȻ֣
κۼװûڶ⣬һܸӵĹˡ
һ·֮һƬƲҵûһ˼ǵùˡ
ǵһô飡
ŭǸѦң̫ˣҪҷҧ
κȻҪѦûҧȱˡ
ŷʱ괷ضﰡ
ǿ޵ʧ̬ȴûעҪˣΪ˼׷ۿҲˣûнԡǱ߱ȥǳͰյֽǮɣǰ·ڲиȥ㶫һǡ
˷׷ͬúúã
˵ž͵ʯ·ǸˣǺ˼׷Ȳ˽ȥһЩ߰㡢򡢺ƻƵֽǮߵһߣʯשһһĶһȺΧһȦڵϣʼֽǮһһκԭҲôɣ·Ƥû˵䣬״ʵ̲סˣ㿴˼ſڸ£Ҳֹһ¡
صȥֹɡ
κ۵ãҰ̡ܽ
ȥˣûŪɣһҵӵܣǵ岮û̹ǣǲյֽǮ˶˻ҪʲôǮղġǱ˼ҵſڣա
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κ૵ô֪
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˵ʮûյһֽǮ
ĿϲһղҲ϶Ϊû˸յԵʡ
κʣô᣿ѵҾʧܣûһ˿ϸֽǮѵΪû˸գҲûյ
ԽԽòܣתͷûиչֽǮչİɣ
һۣͷ˷մȾһֽңԶһʡ
κۿȻĲգĵɣ
û𣿣
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Щǰû£֪ſֽǮǲģǸ˼׷æ˲ſ𣿡
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κ۰Դһѹȥ˼׷ֵԭˡǸҷŵⲢûб˼ֻϴξ⻧˼ңһλԻԲдһʡ
Ǵȴ㶵صһλԻʲôһλ
˸ҼһûֵܣҵˣϱûȢҲûһԻ
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˼ĭµҡҡͷתˣֻʣһȺǻڱȷʵԺӵģҼǵú
κ۶˵˼䣬ͷ˰ɣǱȥġָ·ǸԻĴǾϲ֮˼ٰġ
ǲǴһ·ɱèʬʼ˹ߣǸԻǲǾЩµˣ
κ۵˾Ųʮ
˼׷ΪʲôҪôȥǣ
κ۵Ŀǰ֪ǧСġֹ飬ҪԼ׷飬ϵ壬֣һжβǺպҲǣСѱ
뵽һʲôĺ˱ϺëֱǱʬȺΧҪǸĶħѦζ˲
κ۴һȺӵһٽ֮ʱϵǼķŹ¿ǡ
еƻͨ֡˷׷ижǻ˾סĵط
κ۶Ի¿ſ˫֣Сƻ
СƻŭسУ漴κһȮͣڵҲ˹һһ¿ţ໥
˩áԷ
һκۣڲָ¥ȥҲҪϣȴͷ岻ɨһۡ˼׷̶˵ϯϯҪֿǾһ¥ɡ
΢һףɫĮؼߡվ¥ϣϲ£κۻͷЦ˸СҪֿЩòҪ
ƲƲ죬˭Ҫ
Ըһ¥һȺӵܶһκڶ¥Ҫһż䣬Զ
κ۵һԣǵƺǼҿǧһеôһǣҪ涼ľ޴󣬼ֵúܡбͲǹϵĹϽ̣һ¥ȺСǶļҵģǸһݣóĻǵó
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κ۵úÿǰҶϲϣξȥǳ߻˼Ҳδǵ鶮ǵľ磬˱˷ǳͷȻϵġ
˶٣ֵ˵Ҳǵù̫ƫƧˣƫƫût̨˼׷ҲײȥǳĻҲôؼա
СС岼ͨ˴ķ֮ɽˮأȻһЩƫƧƶ֮ûмԸפģееɢҲεˣЩطħаңƽ಻ԣšμʱԴ뷨ľ޴󣬽ƶԴҲ޻̬ȣϵʱҲ㹻ǿƣδӣ֮
ʽμλɶ֮㿪ʼӸټ͵е롣֮ǣвϽ˵б˽ҡһЦĥ꣬к˽ˣҲ˷ӲʩþֶΣӲĥһǧt̨
Щtֲ̨ЩƫԶƶ֮أÿһдӸҵжѸٷͨѰɢ޵İǰʩԮʿҪ󱨳꣬ÿＯҲ㹻֧Ӧˡ
Щ֮£;·t̨κŴʼĩݴ̨ڳﱸڶ޽t̨ǧʹ串ǷΧ㡣˵t̨֮Чñܺɳ֮ҲδֹЪʱضǺƺƵһ
һˣҲˡκۿɨһӣ붼Ǻġ¿꣬Ķ嵭Ĳɫżʺӣ治ɫ΢΢һע⵽Ŀ⣬ʵôˡ
κһҺȾˡ


43 ٮŵھ

     
ԭûָģԼͷⱭˡ˭֪ĬȻΣȻ䣬֣̽ԼҲһƣһٱȥ
κ΢棬Ҳ̫˰ɣҺȰ
ϴκȾƣκûϸ飬ȴˡ
ȾƵʱǱ۵ģ΢΢üһ׾죬۾۲֮Уḡһǳǳˮ⡣
κпʼĬȻڰʱ¾Ʊۡ˯˹ȥ
κ۳׷ˣȻ˯
ͷӿһĪԾԾԣѾƺʣµľһںȸɾˣվżȥߵߣͷʵտ
Ӧκֵ֣
֧ŶʮƽȺͻ
ݺֻ֧֣ǰϾ
ɢĵ̴֮ԭġЩġȻ˿̴̣˾ƴﷺ˿˿ů⣬·һ΢ζȻ΢΢ˡ
κ۰ýˣ֮䣬أָøЩЩģģ룺֡ôеȣ
̴УѾԽԽԼȴȻɤҲȥŵ٬ζ૵硭
Ȼһĵشӡ
κ۵Ѿ֮׵ġ硱ҲˣѣŵһЩ˵
תľ
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κŷԼЩ죬ְһ֣߹ȥһ֧ӡֻһ˹סܣڴ⣬׼һ¡κ͵ؿ˴Դһ˫סȣκ۴˸档
һҹ˴롣۾ۿѲһƬףһ԰ĺɫͫʡ
˾һվţһţ˰Ρ
κ۵
һûסܣȥˤ¥µĵϡ
κĨһѶͷϲڵ亹
ĵط̫ˣ
ҺҾΪͼżһľķԵĲ˽ֵһƬС֡κ֧˰ľ֧ã̽¿ȥѵҳһοӣڿ۾ȴڶ
κѹȥ𣿡
ŲӿӿϵæŶˡ
˵ֱӣ׼˳κ۵סҹȥ㡣
صߣſߵտտǧ˯ϾͻԹԵĿɺã
˵֮е㷢̲סָһ۽ޡ
õó΢ü΢šԲݡκջצӣԾ˴֦ܽҶϼ䣬䵽˵ϡתǰ
κ۵ʲô
һﲻͷκ۵һҪ˵𣿡
ӣԲ𡣡
κ۵ҲС
˵꣬ҲǰһæһͷκҲһͷŵæκվ°ڻҳֱͦ˽𣿡
ͷ˵κ۵ʲôʱָǵģ
ոա
κ۵­ʱ»ǵòǵã
ЩǵáЩǵá
κ۵ǵʲô
ǵһֱһڵĵطż쿴
κ۵ǵ˭𣿡
ǵáֻ֪Դﶤ
κ۵ӦѦٿҲô­ǰϵĿ䣬ǲ֪ôǳԼǴϵˡ룬ֵӦϵ⡣ⶼѱңϴһ˿û
أôȥ˴ɽģ
֪˶ãҺȻ˵ѡҾ͡ȥˡ
κĪׯʱʬָ
ǰԹָˣκع󷢳ĵһҲˡ
ǣ״̬µʼѭָͬκ۵ָҹȥҲ˽ع֮²򱬳Ϣʹ𣬸ֻţԾҲҴ׷ͨšһ·ߣڴɽκ۵ĵٻɹϡ
κ̾˿ġ֪˶áѾʮꡣ
˶٣ҲࡣЩ¶ҪҪҸһЩ
˵һЩˡ
κ۵˵ʲôˣ
˵ûˣˡȫûˡ
ʵκԭһЩ޹ʹȤţҵļҹǧǧ֮Ķ˭֪һڱ˳أɵüĬ
عأ֪ˡʵϣҲȷ֪ˡʮǰ³ѾԤˡ
ĬȻƬ̣κ۵ʲô
νΧڡɱ
κ۵ҵó壬ɱҡܷɶġ
ֱ̧ǣ
κ۵ܲڶľϰȻһӡû취¡
ƺ̾Ȼû̾κ۵ˣˡ㻹˵˱𣿡
Сκӣĺòҡ
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üǰһ㶼ûС
κ۾Զԡ
ʱһ¥ĴﴫһĴ˼׷֮𣺡֮ǰ̸ѦΪʲôҪ
ŭ̸Ѧ˵ĲѦʲôǸ޲κӤ˶ģʲôСһŶۡаħϾǻǸͳͳɱ⣬⣬
˶κ۰ʾֹֻҲˣµ㷢ôʲô˼׷û˵κ۲ɱֻ˵޹ҲһȫѦˣбҪˤǸһûء
Цǻ˵һ䣬˵ҲδҪΪ𣿡˵ߡ˭㵹ǸңκӤ˭ǽ˷ѽ⣬ǹҲ壬ǼҵûκӤϰɣɱʬֵǰආɱͷôԸ˵ô֣ղ˼ѲɻκӤѣ
Ը˼׷֡Ҳѡֻǽ飬ȥ֮ǰҪ¶֪֮ۡǰҲв˶ԣϵĳƼǳΪйɱ𣿿ʵΣ
Ƽǲǳɱûκ˿Ҳֻǲ²ѣǽʲôԣκӤɱѪϴҹ죬֮Уʿɥ֣ɥ֮£˶ʵƱ粻ˣãʹɱҸףĸףЩҸ
Ѫɫ˿һ˴ˡ
Ķӣ
κһ
ֵҾ˾˸һͬ游ĸҲأһΪں֮ڵħν֧飬游ĸ͸ĸ˫˫棬ֻʣҾ˾һˣɻ˷ȫʬȥʲôģʲôɿѵģ
ͱˣ˼׷ӦһΣһúõģΪʲôҪΪǲҪ˺أ˶ˡ
κ۵٩ġӡһ˸͵˵öԣˡ˼׷Ҳ˵İˣһõôࡣ£һԷɡ
ǰҶǸոմǳģǹĽ˰ɡαΪ֮ʧڽ
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һẬЧʱ߶ˣһŲӰʵˡǵܿûڽıյСκۺȴվСɫ
ĬȻ䣬Ϣعκ۰βע⵽Ķ֣¡
Ҫ˵Ȼκ۵ı΢΢һκתȥֻһϮԽһţļϡ
ߵѹһοӡ
κæסߵϢŭ
ǡ˯ʱѹʱҳˡ
ĪϤʷǾ˵ơֻһΣȥϴθѥҲûô³Ķʱ׶ԽֱȻһ覴áκס֮һ䣬˵ͷһɰȻվԭأԲˡκ۳նô
û¡
κ۵û¾Ÿʲô
ԥƬ̣ӡ
üס˶䣬תκۣ嵲סߡ

κ۵òҪվտ̫ϲ㡣
ôˣ
κ۵ûô˶ѡ
ãȻԽʵΣڵǡô죿
κ۵ô죬ҴݣӴ˯ȥ
á
κ۵ף㲻Ŷõ˵
ȴˣɽŶ䣬·ղŲ廰ĲκЦԷǣԼСĵ㡣
ͷ̲סֿһۣҪȥκֽס㡭ҪȻҸطغá
һκ۵ҲˣúϢɡ
ȥκÿס˫֣Ҳˡ
ŷſ֣ǳɫ˫ֱ㶵ض
峺ֱκӿȣʲôȼˣЦտʲôʲôʲô͸ʲô
š
κ۵Ĩժ
Ȼ쵽Ժؽ⿪˴ӣžƵİɫĨȡ
κ۰Ĩȥϸϸؿһ󣬵Ҳûʲô˲һΪʲôܡΪʲôǰժʱôĪǵֻǵ˵Ϊѣ
ȻоһֻĨסֻ֣ʼ˹شᡣ
κ۵Ǹʲô
뿴ҪʲôԼжȥýǴһᣬ룬·òף˿ĳһᡣ룬Ǿòףִһ
ϵĨǴµƮжʱƮѣΪۣҲܳһ߰˸ᣬһѿСͣ֡
κ۵ιĨҪҪ
üͷչǣĨһˣκ۵֣ٵǰ·ԼΰĽκ۵ֱŵ룺Һ˰ԣΪʲôҪ棿Ӧ𣿡
Ȼѣκ۵ҽ⿪
Ȼ֣ʼʩ´κ۵ǽ⿪⿪⿪ҵĨ
Ǳѹ·ǻ棬붼£
ҪüҲһκ۾ָҵĻ⿪ԡ
һۣƽƿĿ⣬·˵ʲôҪ˼һʱ䡣κۺȵŶҶˣͺ⿪˶԰ɣ
ҵĨ·õĲһ£ӯƮݣʵʵޱȡúִܽһᣬκŤŤҲѣĵǰʯͷԼĽšҺĨʲô֮ĹȻð廨ˡ
һԶһקĨĴӣѽѽúܻӡκۿధҽ⿪ôɵ˶ôܸأҪʲôأ಻ð˼ҿô죿ţ
һ䣬ȥ
κ۱קߣıߵȻ˼Ǹ˼ҿ˲ã˵˼ҿιǲǼװİɣֻǲǣտ
δ䣬֣߳ƻؽϣӾ¥һ¥½á
һȺСڳԳԺȺ֣ղȻеС죬ϾġоеûҼС͵͵Ⱦƣһֱ˶Ŷ¥¥ݷŷ磬֣˭ûϵȻκ۴ǲĴһŤͷôˡ
ѵॣȥϵľյһ·˼룬һЧҲûУʹҪĶˡ˼׷վôֽˡ
κЦǺˣ磬ѪɱͻⲻȻץ͵ƺˡ
տֱӰ¥ȥҪ˵ҲҪκζĶֻҪһﲻά˪ı󣬲˷Ծġ
ô룬ߵȺСǰ
˼׷󾪵Ĩ
û˵꣬Ϳκ۵֡
ĨͰκ۵ϡ
·ע⵽˲࣬ĨĴӣκ۵չָ˿һ顣



44 ٮŵھ 2

     
һֻ֭Ľؿڡ
κӶһͷ֮Բüˡ
辪ɲڸʲô
κ۵չʾĨһ÷
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κ۵ϺֵʬǾҪȥúüʱ򣬾Ϳ԰ĨŴȥ
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˼׷ѼԭˡҾ֪ã
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齴ľκ۵ͷһ£˼˼Ӵؽһȴ룺Ҫǿһ˯ˣǻûʱ𣿡
е죬һư°ڣӺݵ齱£̽ͷȻޱ飬ȴʮᣬ·ʣײ
һκһǳ鴤۰ۺۺ۰
һֱֳۣһ΢΢ɫ϶ˣοԵļ硣κ۾˫ָſҰɡҸѪˣ⿪ĨſҺòãòã
һס졣
κ۵أأ
װʵڲװ͸ɴ಻˵
˶ӣ
κĵȻˣǿɲҪˡ
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κһڿоһڶȴתϥľϣԼһĵֻĿڸһҲˡ
κ۵ʲôѽʲôѽǣ
⸱ͽ֮Ȥļƣ֪ĻΪôˡ
ܴӣκ۵ᰡҲû취˭ôԵ˵ҪҸһˡ
˵꣬һֻ֣Ҫȥļ磬һˡϥǣĬĬڴ齽ģκеһǡ
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ǲҪտȾˡһ˭⸱ģǿ²


45 ٮŵھ 3

     ֪ΪΣκ۽Ī飬û齺˯ڵϺҶԸһҹ֪ʲôʱͷһͿľ˯˹ȥԺᵽ峿о˶ذƽϡκۣ䵭ɵӳ
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κ۵ĵһ£տ֮󣬸ʲôĲǵðɣ
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С²СȦ֮˼׷ݪŮĻ԰ɣ
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46 ͯʮ

     
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֮ͥ߻ħиɻ޿κεһ׮£ʵ˼


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ҵɸ඼ǽɽˮ֮أϵĽ̨ȴ̨֮ݷã;һĳֻڿ硢̸ٰȴ󳡺ϿšϹأ˵У˲ʻ񣬽ǽʿƽѼмݳһ
УռĿķֱǡܡɱ塱Ȼ֮нԵɽϴ鱨ɱϼѻԼλɶɶľʦ֮ܰϣէֻ棬Ȼϸϸۿȴܷ֣ӰϽ񼴱ڱɱմѪ֮ʱü䣬ͿЦ⣬ͷƤ΢΢顣
ŽıǽıڻͨΪǿȨƽʿıڻ߻һλԴεĻʦʹԼѹһͷΪҶղʾ⡣ȻҲռķΪĽƽƽеĿȣˣκ˳פǰһҲͣ
Զϣ˴볡
߰ɡ
κû˵ʲôͬС
ǽ̨һƬϸܬĿ㳡ˡЩ˲ٴΣ˵ţȵκ㳡ԶŽ̤һ𺺰һЪɽƻֺظ·ѩ˾۳һƬ
ѩϼϵĻգһƷ༫ѵİĵҲ˫㣬һ󻨰꣬ѩ˷һС꣬ϸƽ˿ƽ財һ㸻˫ǧŭţǰ׳̾
㳡ǰм볡Ȼɣϣ˴볡
ϣ˴볡
νϣ˴볡
һ¶ų۵߹䲻ȵص߾
سҲ׵
˶Ĳɣܼ䣬εûڽ̸̨ϼôȤˣ
س˵ڽԭҲҪ⣬Ŀתκۣһַ·ʱһɽĿ˹òǴӲ˵ô£İλʿܣɷΪĳһ
ʱһЦ磬ôǰңҲҪ
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س΢Ц֮໥ʾκϸϸλͳټҵɶ
һźռ˵ɫ𪣬üһ㵤ɰڰ׷ḡǸɾ߷ֿ㣬ֻüŴ΢΢Ц⣬һǸɹԾһŮ˻ľ㹻ȴֲ˲к;裻곤߾ɰֻס㲻ϲҲᣬ˵ռˡ˵С˵㣬ʤȴݣͷɴñԲؿһŭŵĽѩ˼һգŻѥ彣ôһѹѹһɲַơ
ǸڽһģǲҵΣڽߺߵص˾ˡ
㻹֪Ҿ˾ˣ
æ·ڣ˷·Ϊɸģѽ֪ˣЩ㷣µöԲ·СƤģҪƽ
æԶԶԣС֤⼸θڶã
εθڲãɫôãҲûٳԼ٣
軹Ҫ˵һƳκۣ˲Ȼѿڶôˣ
κ۵䷹
΢㳵㾹ȻҲǾͷൽЦð˱ǿ̨ͣĲ˵࣬һԵġس磬ȥǱ߿˳˸һ¡
سͷ̫鷳
ô鷳絽ﻹʲôǡ
ֻҪǼһˣܼסԷò֡ͳƺţټҲ׼ȷؽгҺӭȥ꺮ůǼϣͻסԷϲ벻ϲ޾ϸͶãΪͻȻ̨ԭûרΪ׼ϯȥðˡ
붷֮ʺ̺ʩʩȻУ̴ľС߶ŵ廷òŮ΢Ц󷽵壬ؿڱ֫ӯӯһգĶ۶гκۼòŮӱҲ̲סҪ࿴ۣ֮Ůʱ˹죬л
˭֪Ů˾ţһۣȴ˽Ŀ㡣κԾ֣ȻһɨܣȻĿⲻֹһʱɫ̫Ծ
һʱˣǽ̨ĪɧͬȻ󱻸ϳȥġ˭ϵҴҡ֪ܵػһŹյ˫赻˸ϵϯء
κһԵǱߴ˴գ
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κ۵ɲ뿪ҡӦвʶĪ𣬲ȻҪ˭ҪɣҾֻܼ˵˵װɵˡһʱɱ֡
һֻۣ㲻ˡ
ʱЯһŻŮһŮֹׯɫȴһ֮УҲǽҷˣ̨Ů㺡
˶Űټ֮ж޵Ĵٰüྴ֪㺳ϵĸϣϼزҵ׷ƶϲ¡˵ǽ֮ӣĸ׳ԭǶЩǶԵġ֮Уɽȣģʼղ벻ִһԵѻҲûйɶ֮Ҫλ丸ȴ֮𣬴Ӳ檣καŮȾ֣һòʵĽ˿̣κۿһ·ǣŷ˵֣ɫֹʮֵƺ·Сףĵ治١
ϯ֮ʽʼˡ׵ıǰͦصĽ裬ĿɨκǱߣֹκǱΧ۹˵ģȫ£ｻ䣬óԳԣúȺȣ˳һƬƴá
䣬̸ڶղʽʼ뿪Ϊλָ˿;ӡسȥЩأƺô£Ȼ߹˵һ䡰硱һ˱˺ѷεص磡
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ɤŴʵǸˡʾ㺵Ŀ䵽κϣԥƬ̣СʧˡŮһˡ
κɻ̨ÿһ˿ҵ񶼺ùְĪ𵽵׸ʲô˵ʾʲô˲ģϵûʶ
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κ۵СԶ˾Ϸ
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κ˵ҵˡתĵصιʲôιôûòϴǷֿʱǻȵμ顣ˡ
һƤ񣬵סڣ˭ˣҲ;㲻پǼҵôֻˣ
κ۵ģһֱؾظźҾͲøӰҰˣֻ۾Ҿҵˣ˾ˣھҺòá
ŭ߿Ҿ˾ǻ㣡ٺ˵˵ΪҲ֪㻹Ĳԡ
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ʲôҽѵѵǼһ֪ôˣ
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һɫ뷸𡣾ڳҲû˸ҽ˵ҲŲºôôء˰Σǣ裬ǰҲǺôȻˣ
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˲֪ܾ㻹˵
κ۵类һ׹塣
˭˭
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ͷûͷ䣬ȴ֪ôľҪˡ˫ԭͱ˴˿ߣһҡҪ𣡡
һҲֻһæ
Ҫӣһ䣬ȴҧסӲͽְǴſ£
˵ʮ㣬ȻϾ˫ȭѵ֣ˣнڽڰ֮󣬲һ㱻Ƶκǰվԭأ㻹վŸʲô
κۺȻһ׽ס֣軹лоһ޷ֿ˲عطôУ𣡣
Ȼְ⵹Ľ裬һʱסˡκȴ𣿡
Ҳһ㶣ʲô
κһתѧ𣿡
оһʹȫһУǰȴֳһ켫СĶκ۵һΣˡ
ǡһκһָڱһۼֿ׽ס˲Ϣ̵ְ֮˵ϡν迴ˣʹĲλҲĸѨλһһԾ𣬾ӵˣ
ʽ˲䵹תһ԰һƬĴСкܻ֮գеҵţ
߰˸ܶӣһ·ЦЦˣκ۵ôˣһδӮ
ޣҴӮģÿζһ֣߯Ҫ
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ιôеģ
κۺɫذ˦ҵġ
Դ˽ɣۿĨϵκˣֹֻ
κ۵ֻ̰ǸСϷǵһãûЧáþͻᱻƽ⣬´ξûôˡôҪҪҶѧУ
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κ۵Ȱ㣿ȰʲôҪܣҪ˺úദ𣿡
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κ۵ġҸ˵󳤴ˣᷢ˸࣬ǸҪǿԼǺúദԳ㻹Сʲô˾ʹʹɡͲ˺ҴϼⱲӾǲ
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κۿĿ⣬˸˾ŲʮʹصסˡûѾˡ
裺
κ鲢ï뿪˺ܾãڷʵ𲢲ϲͣҲ̫ʺҡ

κ۵ǰҿԼģԺȷˡһѾ벻ˣҲҪ˺κˡȵʲôһû˵أ裬裡
תȿ񱼶ȥκ˼ͷҲءĵ½òٻԽʲôɸ˵˼ˡ˭֪ͷһֻ°˪ѩ֮ɫ
κۣ
ǻջǶӣȸղǶ߳ʮĻҵ˵ڣȻڣôһȻĵЩӶûй΢ġ
κѸѹ⼸˿ѵõ֮ģ߹̹Ȼصˣ֪ĪȻΪű½̨ģѹֿôһѾأ
û˵ʲôתСκ۵߾֪£ҸϵĪ𣬿´ͷβҴŲŸɵġ˵ͨˣĪϾѪģ粻ҪӣҲӻֻǵɧͬţӦѵѵ£ɨسšɧŵǽǾͲͬˣɲ𣬻Īĸֵܡǡһ׮ʮĳ£ǵö˸ɡҪϵȻ𿪵ԣֻܸĪˡ
κ֮ǰ㳡ʱȫȻ£һ̸Ц·ϵĪĵ˹̬ȾͲزסˣ֮Ī񣬲Ϊ䣬¸ΪĪɧŵԼС塣
뵽裬κ̾˿ôˡ
κ۵ûע⵽ÿγҹԣǶ˵θ˾˲㡣ʮˣ߾Ȼûһƽͬ˸ǰӵǰü΢΢һ״κ۸Ŀڵðɣңǰǰɲġ
㡣˶һ㡣
κ۵СӶϲϲ˶˵⺢ӻ᲻ر𲻺ȺڼһѶûаνϲᣬҿϵСûһģոջһܡѵûĶŮ׽ģ
һӣΪزۡ
κǿǽ̨СΪ
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κ۵ô˵
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ĬһƢſھ͵ˣֱͱѡҾ˵С㣬û˵ǰüҪһţﻹڡθǸ̺ӵˣڽ
뵽Ϊʲǫ̂ģκһͷۣ̫ѨǱһֱοʼʱشκ۵ˣȻطɡ
˻صΪǰŵĿ;У伫Ϊݻϻһ׾İ״ɾյκһ£漸ѣֱҹſʼбĶ
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ѩ۵ʿǣκۻܸоƵϺж󷨡ɵѩԣϢƬ̣һŴӿشŷ˽ȥ
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԰سɣƵûˣǡ÷ϸֽ̽ƬڷƵڷȥѰ֮Ȼϵһֻֽֽѹһš
Ѿ˲ŷûдκ˵֣Ҳûκ£ȣֲһֻŷ⡣ӣ䵽ߣ뿴﾿ʲô˫֡קסŷԵϣ˺һҲ˿
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̨Ů˳ڷƵһ¡Ȼ˿̿ȥˡΪɫѩףѪɫҲҡҡ׹·ոػӻѹʱٻһΡ
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Żҽһһ䵽ϣԴ˵ص㺣ҷ޶꣬һֱɪྴΪһɷʴܺãĺҵġ
ŻˣڵϣʵҺáǴҺáҡɴʶ㣡ѹԴӡԴӡ֮󣬾Ҳ£ɴɱң
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ü˳飬ô˶𣿡
㺵㲻ˡǸӣ
Ŀ֮Уһֱݵ顣㺣ûеڶ·ߣԭҲһӣ֪µģѾױǸ˻ˡ࣬Ҷģⶼûʲôȥˣҵӣ˻ô˵ô㣿
㺱ͷ㲻Ҫ˵˲Ҫ˵Ҫˣ޲ôӲʶûаϵ㵱ΪʲôҪӽң
ĬƬ̣֪˵ʲô㶼ˣǵĵġ
ʵ㻹ڻ
˵ʵʼռţӲҵĳҵĸ˵ʲôⱲӶм㣬Ҳ뾴㣬㣬㡣Ҫ֪˲ɣҲֻټҡ
ᵽӣ޿̣һ⣬һо˭ģΪλûʲô
㣬һ⣬̸ֳһӡ
ۣƬ֮󣬵㺣Ĳϸң
ҡͷҸ㣬ȥɱڣ
˵ʲôǲͿˣѾˣʱҾͰҲȥɹְ֮ɡǿ㴦°ɣ滹кܶˣ컹̸ᡣ
ֵزȻߵĿ˺̸ᣡ
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֮ͭһҡڽ֮ǽϵĵյȼĵĹǽ״һĶ౦񣬸ᣬоᣬбʯбм̾ߣĵ̣ɫĹӣأ⿴ʽɭȻκ֪ǽֱʡ
ɽϼбϲŭ޳ΪѪʱĥΪ֡ΪͶãһЩ廨ţȤ̾ߣķۣԽԽߣֱΪĸ
ĸҶرңˣƵһңϡ档
һ鰸һźĳˡƺЩ̵ĺɫۼκĵɱ˷ʬʺϲˡ
طɺãң΢΢ҵķ˿£ӣ㵽ߣ⼸˶࣬һ°ɡֻҪǸ˭ͿԻˡ˵Ļ͵ͷûзסȫͷ㻹ǿġ
㺵תɷĿǿ־塢ʹ;
ڴʱκۺȻ֣һӱһӵסˡǵϻѪģһּԵǿķơ
һֽƬǽŲȥ磬Ųüͷ㺣ͻȻǾ쵽ʲôػͷ
ڳ㺣޵ˡվϸ²쿴һδ˻ȥ
Ȼ֪ͷʱκѾһ֮ǰһ΢ٿذԼֽƬ˽ȥһƬǩһؼһ۾ǰֽšңȻԷǱѰȴҲûҪⱾ顢ûвŸ˵ĵز
Ȼ䣬κ۾۾⼸ֺϤʹ˰죬һܲϤ֣
߶ֵۣǡʲḡǡԶԾּκϸűˡڶᡭ𡭡ǿƽһЩģ֮ȷˣԼнȥⱾ飬Լָ塣ָݣĴѼϣټԼƶϺдһݹ¡
дָ壬дӣ˯ǸЩָеΧ֮бս٣е彣һսƷղ
ԭɻĪǴѧĽдˡ
Ȼǽָбκ۾Ž˵ȿֶԭȽĪ㲻ֹϵҲԲ
ţ㺣ʱ䵽ˣҪȥֳˣ֮㡣
κѾԼдǵָһһŤ˳Ѹٲ˻ȥһΣȴָˣƺš͵
κ۾ʮֲ֣ʲôֵ֮úָһ𱣴Ȼȥȷź֮ķ͵ؾأûлذţֽŷƣīաǽַŽģǼ˵ַλεƼǣպлᣬ˵̽鵽ʲô
һûκżǽУǼ䱻סĸûĶʲôǰһ
˹ӡ
һɲǣκΪ¶ǣ΢Ļ͸ԼһƬӰǰиԲεĶպõס
زƺװĶӡ
Σʵղڿô
ȻκλӦĬһ󣬽ӡ
κϢӲƺһͷתǰ֮еģһŲҰ׵סӡҪͷ­˵ãˣ԰׵Ƥϻģ˫ĿͿڶηס
κĬĬˣ𡣡

48 ͯʮ 3

     
iʬһ֣ͷ­Ȼڽ
֮ңŭ֮ĳiͱؽƷӡһҵı֮ա
ֻҪκ۽ͷ­ϵķӡ⿪ʬܸӦͷ­ѰˡֻͷĽƬ̣˼֣ͻȻһ쳣ǿϮƮƮֽƬ屻һǰһקֱiͷϡ
̨һߣκ۵ߣһֱڶ˰Σָ΢۽ޣԼ촽
ᣬ͸ղֽƬײһһᡣ
Ȼκ˫΢ʮָճȭĿһ뻳У̧һκ۵۾Ǳŵģüͷȴ
Ǳߵκ۸κηӦԹǿҵߣὫԹ޷䣬ɢϣ˷йԼŭȾġʵҲǹԭκ۴˿õǵһߣֻҪϣȻԹȾڱһֽƬϣ̫iԹּǿһͱˡһ̻нд²ãһ̣ᵽѪζ
ѾöûŵôŨҵѪˣʲôǼ䱻ѣһ۱һĨ⣬һƬѪӰһŸ߸߷ͷ­Ȼµ塣
׷ˣ۱ơκۿšԼյʣдһͳͷˣ¹
Ӧǣ
κ֪һն˭ˡ
ɽϼĳ񡣴˱iɱںӼ䣬һͷͷ­ǰ¼ʿʾʬ򱻷ŭʿʬΣΪӣͿڵ¡
iɨһ۵ʬһ߿ѹڵϣܡ
ܸߣϴ밢乲飬κ۵ҰȴƽʱҰҪ߳١£еۣеıϵͷƣеĲ޼һձʶռɣʮֲңѪֱ֮һɨӣһƺҪ黹ûвһ¼ʿʱһһ߷ﴫ죬iһӳһĵɨ˹ȥ߷ªţ¶źһ״ĸŮ߷ƾɣûҲ޴䣬һ½§ű˴ˣҲҳٸԲ˫ĿӳiԡѪɱڵģˢеŮȴѾſ죬ŵôˡ
iֻһͨĸŮӦǴ˵ؿսδüߵƽ񣬽ü΢΢һɡǡ֪ʲôе
ǶĸŮֻ֪ӹúúõģȻ˼֮ɱûڵ޹⣬ıߺı߻õýľͺ£ΪɣɫԽ֡iһǣɱû¡
յ֣Ȳһȥٸ˲䱧Ů̱ڵϣΣ̲סС
˼iȻסϴսʱĩʿ˭
΢΢һĩû
iüҡ
ǰߣʿϽȥˣ֮׷ˡϴɨսĩʿ
֣i΢һüԸ졣
κ֪ΪΣڽ֮ǰĸգ־ͽⲢܡңֻ
պվڽ̨֮۷ΪƸͷһϽ̨ι⾰ȻûۼǴʮ꾡ĸһˣ̻Ů˵һֺ٣дһֺ֣֪Ǵҹ㣬ʤƴҹ㡣Ȼʤƣ˵ȥ˼潼˻潼ˡżΣȻܴλʱͷˡŮգһö㣬ƮȻȥȥ֮󣬵ȻҲǰһһȵŮ֮Ժˡ
ԱĪĸѾĵô࣬ٽƺôӣӻؽ̨ûôˡ潼֮ӣȲ֮ŮΪƲһӣĪһ㣬ǰȺȣλ׻ԼͺӣϤĽ̵Ϊ׼Ȼӳʮ꣬ԾûϢŮȴѲΣ
֮ǰ˶ӽƵϽ̨ȥ·ǣңγˡɽˮִ꣬˽̨£⣬ȡͨ
Ƹһöӡϲʲôϡһץһѡ;ڽ黨ǲݴҰʳʱԼˣƯСϡ䱦ɽ˺ģŵ־ͣ
ʵǺܲɣǽΪڶ׾ڳʱɫŵһ׼ţų˸ǰͨ˼öӣӼͺˡæĩͣԸ˸ߣǳŷŵƵʱײˡ
ǣ㱻˴ӽ̨һһֱһ
˵֮ʲôҲû˵Ĩ˶ͷϵѪϵĻҳҾˡ
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߳һι·˸λöӻͳһɫĸˮ
i˹ȥͷԶȻһߴӰ֣һ̧ͷæ˸վ
Сüǽźռ˵ĹʱûϽ̨ڣȻҲûһ־ɰiԶӡʵ
صǡ
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죬еεЦЦǲ֪˵ʲôá״iԽɽȥȥûϢԾֱߵҲû˾죬ڸ̸۵û
ԣ
ɣƵĶӣƵĶܸǻһԣôȥָôˡ
Ϊȥ˼ǧҵȥ
톪
˵ô࣬Ůһ㿴Ϲ˭ûУֳҲȡ衣
أǲԼεĶˤͷѪ˭˭ܹ֡ҵġ
ɵɵһƻϡʲôĶӣοǸǧѹ潼ģ֪˭֣ҿҲﷸֹŲϰɣ
ĶأҿǸͲǵԼŮйôһˡ
һ뵽ƵҪظǴˮҾȻͦ˵ģ
ƨ˼ҿʹˣûôȥǶģͰ͵ؾָȥء
iͷһŭֱյκ۵С
͵ѹϵæȥֹûֹסѳʣɽǰһʯȻءԭżʮϢʿʯŵñνŵˮͲžˤһء漴iȵű˸͵ˮȴ˵֮ʣͶ²նɱ¹ȴ𣿣
ڴһƬæң˾֪ƢԣԽŭǣӲѳͷˣֻʵˣһ˸˵iЦһҲҹ
תɽȥȻˡһ·ͷȴԽԽͣҲԽԽء
Σŵл
iӺɷеվֱЩ˵
ͷǡ
ôӦȾһ˿ɫiͷѹһʱպЩʿȻҪʮֻܲ
iȴЩԽ㱳ʴʣԽҪǶ޻˵ҿÿζǰÿζ赼ƽúܺã֡
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ͷ̧һ㡣iֵ㽣飬ǲʵҪ
Ѿֱ׵Ĺˡæл㡣
κȴףҲʵˡѰӵܣ̫Զܸһ¥ֻ֮㣬ΪʲôҪ۰ټ֮ԸҾҲΪʲôڸΪ͵֮ͽԭ
Ӽ֮еһҪأҲiս·һͭǽڣɽ࣬䲻ö¡ɽԭоԹһֱѹţս֮˫ССսͷѪݣӼһƽࡣɽȻ˼ɣȴܲ˼ɡ
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һգӼսӭһλˡ
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ÿسͱʿӼʱͣЪΪתءiԽһ֮Уڻʿǰ
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һ˵ҿɲŵ˶ˣʬʲô
һ˸͵԰ǳʱ˵öԣа˭¹аվߵģɱ¹ͺá
κĵǺΧҵʱɲô˵ġ
ãسiԼУȡһ޳嵶ȥس
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سҲˡ
Ѿĸʹˡ֪֮ɲɣҶ뿪Ӽ䡣
سһȷʵˣȥҲÿڡţ㿪ѯˣiֻѡһϷˣһȰһ
iȻΪβϣ
뷿سԶ֣࣬΢΢죬Ȼվ𣬻δڣi¡
ûiֵҸдһټš

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æȫˣҲ˵
i㲢ΪҪ㱨ʲôֻ֪֮Ϊ㹻ΪҲ⣬Ӧôλϡ뱨ңսɱ¹ǣ
ԣһƱҭסˡسЦ㿴˵ģiֻѡ񡣡
ۿ죬߾ҡ
ͷĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
i£֪˵ʲôǱ˵ˡ
һ嵶һţسˣЦɣĵ
i˵ȫҲɻķ˹Ρпն´μҪķ
سԭȻɣ˵ڼˣ¿û͵ˡ
i˵ôǰ𣿡
߾Ǽġ
iʲôʱ򣿡
سЦҡͷǲҪ˵ˣ֮ܣiҲҪˡ
iǰʲô˵
ȴ߾ȻԸ˵Ҳֻܱˡ
һһ䣬һ˵£һгһȷڻĵˡ죬κ̲ס죬Ȼֲ岻ϣĵʱǸ治߾ͦģôտô죿죬Ҳͦõģ˵ˣššһšҲáʲôš
գЯiǷټ뿪Ӽ䣬аˡ
뿪֮iһʹκУϰġѵû˲ţ˵ܻ⣬˵ֵʮ֣ɴˮùñˣѲȽϸ¡
һʱչа֧ŵϿ쿸סˣسָպøһ֧ԮƸӼ䷢ȣiӦԮ
һսϣƽͷöعʾлiԼ̸ͬ˼䣬ʣʲôģ
֣⡭֣Ǹʲôˣ
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iԭȵĸʹдһţġ
Ƽװɵ𣿿ߴûʲôţҲûˡҪ֪˸ʹһúдмǲǳʲô
ֻܵǲ塢ûˡiɫԽԽ䣬жжߣظˡʿѯһջi˼طߣ·һС֡
ʮƧովһ͵Ϯɱսδi·ߣ·ϡϺεʿʬ塣
Ȼǰ͡
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⽣ԼĽл״Σ¼ʿĽ
ҲϵĽ
µˣǽѩۡϵʿ
iһĻһ仰Ҳû˵һ磬졣
Ϥĳ֮һ£͵ػͷǶҪˣ
iеĳ˳ѩȴ΢΢ѪɫκܸоǱߴŭ𣬺ʧʹ֮顣
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˹ǱƲѣǱƲѰ
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״֮£ٷɿ죬i˵һȴҾǿжɺޡԼж޹iһ죬ѣ
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ʲôһսѣ֪Ϊսҷ˶Ѫ˶Ŀͷ٣û٣ҾʲôûУ
iӯɪɪģ侲ɱ˵һĻԱ̫ǿң˳̫ˣ滹δˡ㣬ҵһμʱǲǹǸѹ̬ҿΪͷûΪͷǲҲЩȫɱˣ
һһ亹˵iȵҪǰѣ
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ǾαܿҪϸؽǰѳԼʺĽһѪܵСˮ˰˿ڣ㴦ˡiάŷȥƣڵأ΢΢ףĿӡ
iʲôû˵Ҳʲôû˵УһͷҲصطɱȥ
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ⲽǰ˾һԡѪǿ֧ŲiƺЦһ£Υˡ
˭


49 ͯʮ 4

     κȷǰһĻˡ
꣬iӵ鱨ȪһϮ
Ȼ֪鱨˲©㲻㣬ûϵϮɽϼײ˸š
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ȴҪŭƵģ˵嵶ķͷѵأǿҲøһƷɡǰѵ΢һЩ²£Ҫϼ£Żأ
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ɣi˭Ҫ⵱ôţ˭˭ȥҲǲ᲻ϲǲϲǿʲôã


50 ͯʮ 5

     
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ʵһʱ߾˵ֻƽվôҵģѵΪҲѡԼĳĸײѡԼˣҪһӱĻƲҵЩʲô𣿲ʲôͷһ仰ͰҴɡ潼֮ӡ
س˵Щ߿࣬ɷһ´i̸ġiһȻڱŪǷǣȻŭŶ롣пŭĻյһըڶߣӸҶ
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ֽ۶ӣ񶯳һ˳ȥ˭֪һӣ㿴Ľվһˡ΢΢һЦһﲻشһǰѺպ彣
Եߣʱ䡢ϣڸֹؼʱ̡ĽȻ£࣬ʵ겻ɢһĽסʩԹᱻ⿴һˮΪһһΣΪһѷ˿̣һߣ׷ֽƬҧֻҪԲ񡢾ͻᱻߵĶҧУ
ֽҶ㣬ܣϾԼ壬˼£ЩҧСȥǱ̴ɣ
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з˳ɭȻܵĽ״֮ɫת˲ţѸݣת˼ת·黨һ㣬ѩױֱĽ֣Զ˦һκ۷ȥڰȼһκ۸оˣ˫ڿսһƬĿҹ⣬˶ֽ䣬ң
ʱ伴ľκٹ˲αװһ·˻ؿ;ӣǡţһˡ˵ϡ
ֽ۽İϣƺڶֻӵסֻ۾Լ϶һὫ
Ƭ֮󣬳ɹλκһͷ۾Ȼվ˭֪廹δӦһΣǰһ㣬״סκ͵һ̧ͷͷײ򢣬˵һ£˶һƺߡκһԼͷһ򢣬ѽԲסտû°ɣ
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·ú֣ЩΪѣ磬ȻرңõĶȻҪġȻҴ򿪣⡭
ô̵ʱ䣬֪ذ˵ĵطȥͷֻܴʩߣĿǰ״û㹻ҲûԸȥʹôͷԣʱ˿̣һ档
ҪôǻģҪôġǻԽԣġ
򶨣ƶֻϧԽƴǣسĿҲԽǼᶨ򿪡
ȻһЦȻ綼ô˵ˣҲֻô򿪸ҿˡ
վǰ˻֣޵󿪡Ⱥ֮УȻһصԹ˿ҲǴ԰ˡǿһ֮޵񡣡
ڹ㳡֮ϣκҵкˣΪǽͷʢϵļ档һ£˫Ŀϸü忡Ҳмָ߰òʣúáֻϧãȴõò
ˣҲûʲô˵Ķ
˵ʮֵõʹ˾˺ܺƢȻһ˿ǡôΡΪĪŶС岻ƽݺݵκۺüۡ
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㺱ǣվ֮ԡس΢΢Ȼô
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κۼ㺣΢΢һȻûתҲûɱ˵ʲô𣿡
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ԽѣξԽǹ졣ֶ༤ң࿹ܽô̵ʱھЭ顢סĿڣ
κԤУپûô˳ߵ౦֮ǰһӡ
֮ûʲôͷûʲôͷ­ֻһֻذס
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سüĪǡ
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̧ͷ磬ô°ΪʲôͻȻɱУΪʲôȻڷƵǰҪҴ򿪲رңǲʲôûң
Ľ߾˵װɡҵȾһͷˮ
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ɣԼˣ״ε磿س磿˵Ҵ磿Ҳ磿
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ȻӦˡԣң
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κһͷˮȫȻ֪©ڣɣκص磿ղŽʲô˲Ī𣿡
׼κۣɣ裬ǶǧСģĽγˣԾκۣ
Ϊκ۵Ľ̫ˣᵽʱáѽǰѽĽָ桱һʬëȻԭûж˼Ҳ彣Χסһˡκɨ˷һƬ⣬ɫɣѵ˭γѽ˭纬ҿǲ˫ʲôᰡ
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֤ɣɫһҡλ֪ԭڽ̨ʱ￴һָ塣ָصһаᡯԻΪۣٻаΪ𡣽ϵٳһٱӣҲ֤ġΪʩĸԸ׳ģͲᣡ
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κ۵ҼˣտҡȷǱġ


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ͷ߳˳ˮãкôһƬҶ󣬷ۺͤͤͷ紵ҡҶ·ƵƵͷ½֮Умֺ̬䡣
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νԼķݣʱһκ۵ֻκ۵ķѾɺܸߣûж칭˼ִü䣬ͷЦƺãǲԶ
ۿѾɳԼʮеľ룬һҧңವֻɶ۹ģķݱһĿüͷһչˣ
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˽װŮ磬Ŷ̽и߸Ůһֻݡһ֧ǰص˭ģ
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ΰߣݷϸֱָۣͷžһģѵΪһ㳤ҲûУʮˣ֪ӣֻ֪Ϲ֡һ𣿱˽֪ڣԺҪҼģ
αĵһΣͷұ⡣κ֪˵ŰŵԼˡһʦĳͷκ۶üݷ˵κӤʲô֣
κϰΪվ˳ݷģԼϽͲҪŽθһ죬
κ۾ȵҲϽϽĲ𣿡
ԲߣҪ졣һ⻰ݷüֳһɷæκۣ죡
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β⣬ݷ˲ǣͦصشȡŮݺݵصκۣһˡ
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ε˵ͷŲ֪˵ʲôô͸׽κȴӦ֣壬ûʲôҪǵ𣿡
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ССӵܶɢɢ˲٣СУٶʶġţ߰˳Ⱥ̸ɫôãò̫ķʽټġɨһȦκ۵Ǳ߹ȻҲˡ
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ƽǰ˵սϼ߽κֽ˽ȥͬʱһ۹ǱߡΪһܾϽģɫȻˣȴǽ˽
ݷ˵ļȻһߣɽܡ̻Ȼÿﶼˮ뵱ǹһĳʳ类ߣЩٵӵû˱ٹȣνߡ
ɽνġ̻ҲǷһݡݼ¼鳭ʿĹ¼ԣһݣҪУʱġÿվø߸ߵģǰһͨҪΪһһжΪģҹ֮ʱڼӵܣʹǰߣ̽·ħֵעƴɱȻһ̳ѱ˴òɻնͷ­ٳȥԼһ˵սиⲻ˳۵ģͰ˾öԷ硣
ǰμɽϵİټ̸ᣬգҲκ۵һͬ볡ľԼεͷȻΪһҪԼͷһУһգһֽˡ³ƫ£Ҳ˼˵սѵǰΪκۣسΪǰ볡ɼܸá˴ʹˡسδǰ㾾ˣյò硣
ҪСǱĸĵĳģܹ裬ҪӵټƲ磬һͳȥͬھˡһֹˮĮ״̬·Ѿǳһ㡣κѾݷ˵Ļʹ̨꣬Цѹ
գǴ㱻ϼͺһȺһųµҹԵصȥ
˴εҹ֮أΪĺϪɽ
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֮һȺһСϪӭϡϪˮȣ仹зҶƮ㡣Ϫɫνѹֵճ嵭˼֣ǰȻ֨֨΢Ц
κۺͽαֹ߱رŷ¹䣬ͷһƳƳһϮ¡Զ
Ϊߵý˶档κ⼸кüζ׽ɣκÿתҲϹáʱýˣɵö˼⡣κۺȻ֣ȻߵܿرҪᣬƺ
״κ۷ٶȣ䵽ߣУʵôˣ


52 µʮһ 2

     
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κ۵Ҳ˰ɣô䵭һۡû£
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κת˸ߣҪԼ²Ҫǿ˻ˣʲôʱ£
׼˵ҪҪұ㡱Ȼһ˱ǡκۻͷǰʱ۾һ
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κۿģӰ
һŮЦ࣬Ǻö֮óȻͲˣζҲţһź˸ѡ
Ů˵ȻࡢŴŴģ涼Щ˵ҩģ;ͦġﻹм˭Ҫ
κһƮ˹ȥ࣬Ҳһ
Ůһû뵽Ȼһİһͷһü˭ΪʲôҲࣿ
κЦǶ࣬Ϊѽô𣿡
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ΪʲôҾҪ㣿ʱ˵֮ǰԼҲȱ֡
κ۵ҵֺ˵ˣҽԶ
أ԰ѡԶ飬ǲļҵҹӽ֣ǿǱȣֲ񼮼֮κǱΪϷʵЦݣв⡣
ȻһԴĵŪۡ
͵طӦȡ˼Զ֮⣬ϷŪ޺޶ŵ˭˼ˡ㲻Ҫ
ŮЦһţ׷׵κۣĺòҪѽ
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Σŵһ񣡡
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κһˣ
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κ۵տȸйϵ𣿡
ӵȻСյľǲ󣬷˭գҪ˭ÿܾΧһȡûãֱϳ֪Щʲô
κϸ룬⼸գ˱ȷʵ߶ҪôվţҪôţһ仰Ҳ˵˼̬˷Ȼ˿ˡ
μƺǱߣסôˣȥ֪
κ۵ҲҪȥ㿴ȣ⼸챼ƿ϶񻯣ʵڲס˲ű˿ȥȶҪϡȥ
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κ۵ûϵѽҲץͱұҲɡ
ξǹԼ˲ˣĻпȥܱ˵£
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΢ϵɽһֻϸӡϼһֻŽ￾һ۵ȥӡ
齿УݵسСǺúҶڣ˵ʲôĻ
ȻһʹŮǰΡһĿЦá
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ġֻҡҧָأ߰Դֻ齿û¹˵ʲô𣿻ȥ
վǰǿŭһ°ڣץסһΪ׳٣ԥһ׵ĵض
κ۵顣ⶴʲôħ֣ǣԱ˵ټԹŮкԼ۾һ̣ľ̲סҪͬھˣ
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ԼĪʮɣŵ档
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Ҳͬ뷨ͷͷǸѱúСİɫڣеǾ衣
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Ȼһһϵ˵в֮ʣһֱ΢΢ʱ̲סץס࣬׼ְüһݣһĳһߡ
Ȼһ仰Ҳû˵ɸ鲻ŭĿζԶɳܣ
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һԴһЦǰ̼ˣΪ֮ͽͨͨɱҪɱҪնͷ­ʹ֮Ѻ
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κȻҪظһ𣿺õġ̼ˣΪ֮ͽͨͨɱҪɱҪնͷ­ʹ֮Ѻˣ
䣬˼һκۡ˱ŭ㾹˵ֹƨͨ治Ŀ
κǡۡһǣ漴һĴЦ
˾㵵ĿУŽεļ磬Ц͸ߵƨͨ治ҿǰɣˣ֪ղ仰˭˵𣿿϶֪ɣҸˡ㱾ҿĴʿî˵ġ㾹ȻڵԹƨͨ治úãüˣ
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˵һһףκֵˣʿʲôôҼǵǸɱۣǰɣţܺãȥˡ
Ҳ̲סνȥһ壬ıΧ
һֻ˹ȴ룬ͻȻѣӦԡκ۹⼤ˣڵŭʧصһ̡Цݲ磬˲Ϣ֮ὣɱһٽס
һˣ䣬Ծ̶֮ϵһʯϣ룬һֽ˵Ľϣ𶯣ٶҸ¹ӷŷѪ
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Χֹס˹κۺȵҲ𶯣֪¼ҼƢģֻҪһѪ˰ڣһ
Ȼջ֡ס˳棬κۻ˵Ȼо˲
صΣض𣿡
ڵ¶ѨǵضˣɽˣǶסڻǻǣǼµ¡ȴûУ
κȴоεøˣüζ˵ĺҽСشȵǵضˣµĶڶ
κҲˣǵڲʯڲڲڲˮĲԽԽࡣ
ڷˣⲻһǱˮ̶еһȻڣֻ޵ıϣ


53 µʮһ 3

     ʯѸ򰶱ȥ
ֻδ֪޵ıƽһεѹȸУΡˣ˶ڲϺˡ˶ΪˮͻȻʱȴͣסˡ
ΪıϣŽֻ˯е޾ѣκ۲ˣάԭ䡣
ʯܺˮϣżƪʺ쳣ķҶƮ
⼸ƬҶ֮£̶һԷĻͭһĶ
ǶԻͭԽԽԽԽκĽвã˵͵һ𣬶Ȼߣʯնһľ޴ͷǼƬҶˮ
һƬߵͲһľУֻ޻ŤӣһԶվԼϵˡ
ԲεͷʮֹŹ֣ƹߡͷһߣѳˮȴǡ
κ۵ôһֻˡ
ⲻһֻͨˡ
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ֻޣҲһôáֻҪҲ޷졣
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֪ɱԣȻǣΪ𣬹˲ýھߣų尸ߵУңңŸʲô
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κһף˵彣Ұ㳯ͷߴ֮ȥ
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κȻͷֻһ˫ϢϮʶһĳԻֻһ쳣ƺʲôҪֱ۱ȥκ۱ܵس֣ô˻°ˣذߡκ۵һҲ˰еȡ˱ŵĹߺ˱׼ޣ꣬ػ޵ĺۼ׺͹ϣ䣬սƺʮּңʵôûһֻҪڸ޴ͷҡڣۼ֮ƤɫʯӿݣͷҲ޷롣
κۼһڴŴܼ뿪ʵ̲ˣһѶ˹һߵһ߶ȥͲﻹʣֻһϣ׼ڶ߷֮֨֨Ҫ֣Ȼ󷽴һС
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ӵܶڼȫԸޣǶ˸ڲ࣬κû˼ȥ˵Ҳˣ鼱֮£˹ȥһ齿ץͷ֣һػĿڡ
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ȻֻӵǰˣѾѹκ۵š
κŵһƤսĺζ͸˵Ŀζ֮Ŀڸ𶥵ʹ
ݺҧûܽһʹҧ˺
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΢һüԣȻǰ˽Σ齿˻˽űߡ齿˽Ѫߺޡ׷භ˼۲Ѫ˿ɲټӵҲȺ鼤ܣһ̶ֻУǰצѲ˰ںе߳ߣϳأ
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ӵԭҲսͬһʯɽޡһ·񱼣صضǴȴ˳Ǹһһڵϡ
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ΣţԹŮǸɵĳ
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Ǿֻܴض桭ûʳһֻһ𡭡
ʱμκ˹պûʳ䣬κ۵Σп⣬Բԡ
ε̲㡣ⶼʲôʱˣͷ
ǳɫϣ漴䵽޴ظϡ޻ˣҭҭ˫ֽȹӣϵ˵ԲԲԲ𡱡κ۶Ŷ䣬вУҰֲ㰤̡ѲɻҪҺ㰡һҺòã˽αˣֲǶȡ
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κһ񱼣ͷȥ֮ǰ͵һˣסһ
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κ۵ңϲ𣡡
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κҲţ˵žͷţǺûӣ
޵֮˶ĤǻһʹԸһѪϺͷǻκæרܡΪֻŭ׷רǼȥխꡣһЪ˲֪ãֱʲôҲˣ
һɣٶһκŵһѪ֮һһƬʪĺ졣
κĵҪ㡣տַˡ

54 µʮһ 4

     
ܵĹԶˣ˵Ӧ㹻ȫæת˸ŵ˵ϡ
ԭ˾ûָãֱ޵ҧˮ֮ѱѪȾôƬκ죬ۿɼһĺڶվվסһſ͵ȥ
κ۸鿴Ƭֱ̣ڵضתתصЩľҵ˼ϴֱֽ֦½ȥĻ׵ǰûУĨժ
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55 µʮһ 5

     
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56 ʮ

     
û֧ӽʲô֡һѪӣԴ֫ؽյʹѣ˵Ķ֮ȥ
ʱκۣľȻڵĵض񷶥ҲŲ԰׶һľ壬ľϻŻһСͷ
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ľһεһֻ״ɹ˽ȵʲôУ
֮ת룺㣬㰾Ұùˡ
ӹӣҨʢһֻκ۵ΣСӣ
εʲôҪл𣿡
κ۵ŴŪҰ
εڸ˵˭
κ۵ĺϪɽֻҪɣ
εɵֻصʱ䣬ȥʱ䣿οȥ֮һҪɽҰǿڿǶǸضȳж°ɣ
κһ룬Ȼȥʱ䣬һʱô¡տôûң
εǿ͹ˣָϸ˵
κ۵˵Ҳǣ
ʢ͵гɿźŹǣɫģñƤ΢ãŨ̡̹κڵضδʳһ¸̫ʵĶպãллʦ㱧߳ԱߵտأҲȳ˰ɣ𣿻ǻعȥˣ
εϻֲǼҵˣǼʲôȻǻعȥˡ
κ۵һ˻ȥģǱ
δ䣬˽κ۷룬壡
ߵŰɡ
һκ۲죬ó𣿡
κ۲ȥŵؾ죬óԣ
εԼû𣡡
ЦŸκ۲°ܸͣ˵ȥˡղλã˿ֻ״ɹӣƺҲ볢κѾˡεף¼ҵ˻ǲϰѽ𣿡
ջĿ⣬ء
κ۵ʲô
ߵһ֮նɱ¾ޡ
ԣκЩӴϹ¼ɱģ
ЦȻأ㻹ָ˵ɱģ
κ۵¹˵˵Ҫտɱġ
΢΢һЦ𣿿ɣҶȴ˵ɱġǵ˭ɱģ
κ۵зݰɡɱҾ굽޵Ŀ˳ȥտһţĥʱ
Խθӽ⼸Ҫ¡ţɫӣβŵ˵ĲࡣôɱľģƸһ˸ʲô
κ۵ơǾñȷʵûʲô
ߵͷĲ
ʮնɱİľޣֹǡĲĳ̶ȡ
εϲˡ
ϲΪ죬˫֡üκ۾֪ᾢַˡʱĽΣһĲڼƽϣΪʲôڵضնɱ޵Ĳ϶Ҳôôκ۹Цϧ㲻ڡȻͷҲһˡ㻹ܸ˵˵ƣҵ⼸տŰһˡ
εáͲӦǿͷӦù¡Ҫûж
ͻȻߵΡ
һ㶣֪ղ˵ùˣ
߲֮ɫȴɷŵƽתΪˡ֪ԼĻﲻ𣿡
εͷ֪
κ۵˵˵ˡ
ŽοڲġԲģҡҡͷΣЩҲ˵˵ˣʹ㻹ûνϵļѵû
һŮ⴫ǣףʲôϵκӤ׾͹ˣ
һɫһ㣬ݷ˴һ˽վκ۴ǰ岽֮˫ü֪ɶΪ֮ɲ֪ʲô鷳ȴҪڣ
ߵӣʲô
ݷ˵ʲôЦҾȻҪѯʡǵòǵãҲˣǵòǵãÿһضҵĵؽ磿ǵòǵãŵĺվŵģĸӣ
ʣôѾˡߵȻǵá
ݷЦǼǵãǼǵҲûʲôáκӤһ첻»Ͳʹ죡֪ͽʵֹšѵĸҰѹϺϵСôôҲãֵõȥӢۣ
ڽǰκҪһЩӣһҲĵҰôǿɲһ
ݷ˵ҰѻˣǵſһǸǼǳӲɣ
ǻȥ˵
ݷ˵ȥ˵ʲô˵ҾҪ˵Σ
μڸ׺ĸм䣬ԥƬ̣վĸߡݷץ˫磬Ƹ߿Щǲò˵ˡúÿӣδˡΪҵľͿսҾͲ㲻֪Щôģ˵ô˻ĳĳɢ˳Ĳӹ֮Ϊӣ²κӤǲǾġ
ߺȵ𰣡
ݷҲȵߣΪߵô𣿣һ㣡
˳ȥˣһ·ݷ˵ŭԽǣҲǿѹ硣վԭأΣһκۣͻȻҲŤͷ˳ȥ
κ۵Σ
βӦҴתȡκֻù˴ֽ׷ȥΣΣ
ֻͷǰߣκ۴ŭȥһסӣ˻ӦҴ򣡡
㴲ȥ
κ۵ɲУǵðѻ˵Щ߰Ĺǧš
صЩ߰Ĺ
κ۵Щ˵ġҵ趼յˣҼñ˸Ϲ仧
Žεļ磬Ӳǰȱߵľһ£̯˵ҪŤŤŶǽӣδĽҼȻҪġ
б۾
κֵҾͲһǱ˼ҵĶӣ趼ǽĺѣҵȻҪһЩ϶װɣ
κߵҲֻǲϲ
κ۵˲ϲԼӵģϹˣЩ鴫ҥҼһδһΣ趼ʶ
εСϲҰҲϲҡ
һ䣬Է
ҽ֪뽭ʱͬޣʮʶˡţǿ˽Ȼŵԣȴһֱûʲô˰һԡɫɢ˳;Σż뽭߽ʶѣһͬҹԹΣ˴˶ΪͶԷ˲²⣬ɫɢ˼пܳΪһŮˡ
˭֪ãüɽϺȻν
ʱĽԴĸȤ޴⡣ϲƷΪˣΪ˲䣬лΡüɽȴӶ෽֣ԵʱΪᡢ޸Ľǿʩѹټϲ֮󣬲ɫɢ뽭ĵļκɵ£Զ߸߷ɣ⣬ڰ
ݶȻףȴһԹ£־ӣͶ˼ọ̃Ҳ֪õʲô
ν潭ҷ䣬̹ݷ˵ľ֮ȫۡģӶĸף㲻Ͷ֮ãС̵ʼյԽһֱֵƺ̫
ƿκ۵֣վй֪ҲϲԸ񣬲Ҫļ̳ˡҲҵļѵûнҵķǡǣ
նɱ¾䣬ԡѪս˲𣡿أ
һȭϣҧҲǱգƣߣһ̶ûϢ
κ۵ѵʲôмѵһҪ㿴ϵļѵǧҪأ˻ˣ
ľУһҪܼҷ硢ӼѵνôλҾͲ˶һҲ࣬˭ҷʵ͵λۼҵʿ˭Թ˭Թɱ
ĬȻ侲Щκ´ļ磬Ҿ㸸׺Ҹһ˫ʲôξ˫ܣԣɡ˭˵㲻˭ô˵ҲС˵ᡣ
κߵ˭˵κĿһѡӳ˿ȻѾͿҩˣ䲻ôһģܲۡκΣ
һƣȵ۵ҪΪʲôӢۣã㳤ԣ
κ۵ǳӢҲȲѣıĿ죡ˣһС£һҴӣյģ㿴û
εǸģû
κ۽һϧ´Ҫ
üˡ㲻ϲɣѾͷǻԣһͲôǣǸū֮Ů
κ۵ūôˣҲҲǼ֮𡣡
εܱ˭ҵļ˻ӡȣҶûȵ
κ۵Ƚʦٰ¡ˣ֮ǰ˵տտûʲôҵûô
ε㻹ָ㣿һͲˡȥˡسûҵæýͷö
κ۵Ҽأô
εȥˡ


57 ʮ 2

     
κȥˣ
ӳŻ⡢۵ݣѿڶտô
εôȥˡױ˵Ҫعյģܾˡҿӣ뵽ôһˡϾô棬˭Ҷ˭Һá
ľκ۵سô£
ε¼ҲҪǼҵĲ𣿼ĹżףҵȻһЩӦýسˣܻǶ٣ȻȫûˡҶôµġ
죬κ۵öġ
εǰ¼̫ˡ
κ۵ҪʲôʱôңͲ֡
ڴʱһȺҵĽŲһȺ̴һɱԾϳȣ׷µʦ֣
ʦܻʦ֣
κ߾ʲôһˣұû
ʦ˵ɱһֻİٶĴޣ𣿣ɱģ
Ҹ֪ǣʦǲûԷ
û͵͵ٹȹ
¾䵽жװװ£
¾һֻ˶Բԣ
ʦ춼͹ǸһģȻû㣿
ǰ΢Щգ̱һƬɹ
κԭ˾ͲأֻûʱҩϹƣͣʳӺܺãؿƬӺùҩ󣬺ܿ㲻ٷȣû죬ĺϪɽ¾֮ҹɽġ̻˾ɢˣӵܸظңǱҲʱû׷ݷ˾ŻʹκһͨĴŰ벽κҲˡǣֻպһȺӵݡ
һϷٺ棬Ҳᷦζˣ˰£ԽԽζɺκҲ᲻𾢣Ϲ䣬ĵý˺üεһ
գһʱκִ˸ü䣬ͣ˰ɣˡȥԷ
εô磿
κ۰ѹˣϣȻû˼ˡղļĩʦһȥɡ
һʦ֣ƻÿζñ˼ôƤ
κ۰ֵҲû취ݷ˲ҳŰڼأ˵ĸżӣʱ׼淢ҡҪǳȥˣݷ˷ñӳһƤɡ
սļʦܵ٩䣬ųȥˡվţκڵϣļ䣬κ۵ôڻûϵ𣿡
罭ߺݷֳһ˵ǳҲ񲻶ԣֻݷ˵淢ƢʼջһȡεΪǵĽȥ¼ˡһ뵽ҵ˵ֻ¹ǡ
¶Ӷ֮ɫκ۵ϧǵĽ飬ҪԶ⽣Ǿ˭Ҳˡ
εʮ꣬˵ԡ
ͻȻУ̻µ²ãʦ֡ʦ֣²ˣ
⼸Ƿųȥݵļʦܣκһվô£
εʦأôһˣ
Ȼʱȵľʦܣȴˡһʦܱץˣ
ץˣ
κ۰ѹҲһ֣˭ץģΪʲôҪץ
֪֪ΪʲôҪץ
Ҳˣʲôв֪Ϊʲô
κ۵𼱡˵
ղšղǳȥݣݵǱȥˣԶˡҹȥмʮˣ¼ҵˣĶǵ·мͣΪ׵ǸŮġһֻݣһ֧Ǿ˭ġ
һֻʦܵģ˵ġǸŮĺȻ˵һ䡮ôĵӣͽֵµ˰ʦץˣ
κ۵
׷׵ͷΪʲôҪץʦܣŮĲͣ˵治ػģߺ˰ʦѺߣû취ܻˡ
һץɶûУ¼Ҫ𣡡
ǰֱĪ
κ۵˵¼ҵ˹ϾҪˣץסʲôѱǣǸŮģǲû彣ǲǳͦƯƤһ룿
ʦǵǣ
κ齿
ʱһŮ˹ʲôһҲ徲
ݷƮƮһװһһҸ󡣽ε¼ҵˣʦܱץˣ
ݷ˵Ǻô涼ˡʲôץֲɱˣֺּ޶ҧģ㻹δģ򶨵㣡
˵꣬תУ֮ǰĴšʮ۵¼ʿ롣ЩʿһŮӿҡ˽
ŮȣòģﲨһƤһϸСĺ룬ǸΪɫŮֻλ貣·޲ðһӺ͹˶ĳ谮ϣǵƷϴɽκһƴѪ齿
齿һЦݷˣ
ݷޱ飬ƺø˵һ仰Լ졣齿˴ŵ̨ףݷŵץνϵӵʲô
齿ץ˵ղץǸ˵ǽȥº˵ɡ
һūûͨûɣҵĴţȻֱ׳Ҫңº˵ݷ˵ɫԽ࣬ϵָ£ֱ΢
ȥ˵
齿Ȼϴʱûüһɡ
֣һ˫Ҳ΢ŭݡ齿ߵóĺˣǲܵġԣݷȻ漥ЦǻȴǵǺãȥɡ
齿ȻһЦͽȥˡ
Ȼ˵ҪȥȴûζȻСתһȦĴ
뻹󣬾ǷӶЩϾˡ
ľͷǺģɫ󣬲
ݷˣĸɵЩ֪ôһ´ζЩɫɴᣰɡźÿ
·ߣ·ָָ㣬·ĺ԰ݷ˵üͷ鶯ֹκ뽭ζʱᱩɱˡ
ָϣ齿֮ϡûǫãԹԵϯһ̺üأ
Ȼ貣оֹȴ޼ҽǿԣ̬ٳһ·Ҳֲˡݷڴϯ°ںɢԽԵ֫ϸۡ˫ţǱߴǳǳļЦûв衣ҪԼ
齿ĿԲȵҵļʹµģ
ҵļиҪֶ˲ˮ֮²Ҫ˴ֲ͡ǲзϡ
齿Ǽۣ˭
ݷ˵ҵŮ
齿صݷˣǽ̫ˡɲУŮҲ죬ļū¼Ҫġ
κĵ˵⻰ԼǸū
ݷ˰˷粻ص鲻ͨļͣǴСʹߣӲ̺κˣҲûκǵ졣ܣҲҡ
齿ݷ˵ʲô֮У𱰵ȻҪֵŲס;Ҫи͵ӡ
ݷȴǾ䡰;Ҫм͵ӡΪȻκһۣΪͬȻ
漴ʵץνϵӵܾʲô
齿ݷ˻ǺСӻΪáػģѾҵץסŤȥˡ
ݷüػģ
̲סʦܰʲôģ
齿֤ݡ
һ¼һֻݣ齿˶ֻݣ֤ݡ
κЦǸܳĶ۹֣ʲô֤ݣ
齿ЦΪϹ𣿿ˡ
˫Ϳʺ쵤ޢʳָڷϱȻȻȥдʵطʲôɫɫġ۹ʲô״Բεġ
ݷ˵ԣ
齿ԣݷˣ㻹û𣿽ɫģԲεģʲô̫
˵ĿУصôַݣΪʲôһҪһֻ۹֣ΪʲôһҪͿɽɫһ״ΪʲôǱɫѵǻҪ˵ɺ𣿵Ȼǡһǹġһֻݣʵڽա̫ǶɽϵĴ󲻾⻹ǰػģ
һΪǡǣǿرһҲ̲סˣȻǽɫԲεģǸ̫ʮǧˣ㲻񣡡
κ۵ô˵ҲԲˡӲҲǽɫġԲεģҺ񿴹㲻ֹһγԹɣ
齿ݺһݷصΪݣ
齿ȻǡǴ¼Һ¹ӣһ˵ġ
κпһ
Ȼһ̣齿ָСӣĺϪɽϣ¹¾භʱԲѷεң¹ᣬЩʧ֣Լ彣ʧˣ
ߵڰסſں࣬Цˡκ˽ŵĽߣĵǹʱġ߸ǹѽȥģ
齿ã¹ӣʧ彣Ҳоյ¾䡣СӣʵڲܹϢҽͷ¹֮ݷϳʹˣνʣ
ε
ݷ˵סڣ
ݷ˵ķӦ齿⣬κӤûǴĻνϵļͰɣ½ڣݷ˵ȻνҪ˻ɡЩԡǷʵˡ
ڽƽϣڿڶЦݷɫذŲ˹ȥָ㳵ʲôԣ
齿Ц˵ʲôԣǽһЩծ
Ů˾ȻҵŽߣκͷŭ˭֪ͻȻһʹ˫ϥһȴݷͻȻ֣һӡ
ʧ
ݷվϵ绯ΪΣ˫̵ּתȵÿȻҲ£
κǿŵҲÿܣ
ݷһӷɳɻ˵ϣҧгݵ˵عصĶҪҴ鷳
κһƿΣҧţһﲻһݷȻǶȴûĶ¹֣ǳ㣬Ҳᱻ߷ųȥȴһؼʮޣϻģʹܣǲò̡Ƿò齿⣬ɽϵ⣬±ûûˣ
齿Цӯӯؿšݷ˳֮ϵٿջأκ۹ڵϣǰ˻ΣƺҪ˵ȥݷվ
αקסκۼһ󣬻˵˵ϣſŲˡ
齿Ȼˣ
ݷ˺ߵȻء
齿
ݷ˫ü𣬵ʲôСΪϵʲôƷôһ٣¸Ҳòˣܵģ
齿ǻкõ˵ʱ򰡣
ŭ㻹ô
齿ֵݷˣȻǳͷôȻҪסѵΪ˺ڣٷֻǰһٱӣһʱ䣬ܻǻʲôͷأ͵Сӣ׺˰ʹûõġ
ݷ˵Σ˫ȣٻ𣿡
齿¹ӿ񣬿˫ֲбֻ֮Ҫնһֻ֣Ӵ˲ټƽˡ
Ůˣںٻ˳κ۵ĺϪɽضһƻ֮
ݷбɨκһۣնһֻô
齿
վκۣ߶ƺڿ⡣κʹͷ̧ˣ˽飬ͨһ¹أκϣ𡭡˵Ǹӵġ
齿Сӣ˵Ҷô
κſڵˣĵ죿ʲôȻ뵽Ƕ׫ŮԭŵŮû鲻ʶ֣ȴƫҪװĲɣøʣװ˰֣˿̷ΣԽʱ˵ӷԽ˼ң޷о񣬺˼벻ֹκͨһڣúЦ齿ȻԼ˳󣬵ݷˣɽһҪ׷ġֻҴȥиνϾܺúõģȻ´¹ӹûôˣ
ݷ˵ɭĹâ飬飬ȥŹϡѪ˼ҿˡ
ֻҪݷ˫޲ӣһصǣ㽫ôιˡ
κ֮ϵĹҲʧˣͷһ־壺ѵҪһֻ֣
Żˣסĸ׵ȣҪʲôǧ֣
־κҧҧһģĵҲգҪܻİһֻ־һֻ֣Ĵӽֽ
齿ƵݷˣҾ֪һɽĵ˰סСӣ
ݷ˵㶯֡˫˹齿ࡣҪŮôҲС
ε˵ˣ֣֪˵Ļ
Ὥ߻ãһݷ˶Ȼɫ䣬ȵ㸸ף֪ɱҲɣ
齿ݷ̫ڼҲһ̸ܺ
ݷ˳رαŵȺȹڣתü弣
齿ݸǰ弡εĵڶҪ¡ɽ³ļÿһǶһ弡¼εļˡ
ѹٲȻﵱԼĸۡԭѾ뵱εľݵˣ
κ۾ʲô弣Ҽң
齿üݷˣҪúý̽ĶӡټҶ¼֮£¼ʹǰô˵ҼֻԭһԥôϾɣ˼֮ͽܲܵһ𣬵ǿôҵƢֶҵĿζһǾ١
δ䣬ݷ˦ָһĶ⡣
һȻ춯أ齿ȵô˼תŵϣѪĿԲɡ
ڵ¼γѽݷһӣϵɳһȦĿϹ⣬̱һƬ
ݷ̬ŵߵ齿ߣӸ¸ͻȻ־ס齿ͷһǱŭĶ⣺澸Ҷ
Ͷʱ˿Ŀߣ齿ŵŰݷ˺һǶ⣬̶ļдȻֹȵҲҪˣҵļҵ棬ҪҼˣʲôҲҰ
˵ӿ齿Դһ㣬˲֣վǺһЦݡ齿˫ַԼص㡭¡ɽϺ򣴨϶Źģ
ݷ˰ӵϣһ߷죡澣üɽϰݺɵûʲô򣴨ϣĸһ¼壿һӶֶǰ𱰣Ҿͽ̽Ϊ𱰣ΪΪ
һԣѾſصκ۷һ롣һĻ˶ôˡ                        


58 ʮ 3

     
ݷ˶ʹһɫ⣬ֱһѳһȦֺֿݣ̱㽫ʮ¼齿ۿžͿֵˣв㡭ΪɱڣΪ¹Ӳ֪ҽ쵽ˣΪ֪˺󣬻Ź𣿣
Ц˵úڷŹһ
齿¹ߵˣ׽ˣҪǸҶһ£ǡ
ݷһ⣬ôֻǿȣɸ˴Ϊƽأ弣
ų߽齿ۿ־壬Ȳ˰Ұ
ݷɫһݣһŲסֻ󣬳彣ڽ漴ն֮ʱȻһ˿ȥ
κ뽭ŤͷһôѺȻԷɳһθߴŶ롣£Ϊ˵õ
彣֣ݷ˽ϵǰ֣
Ȼ֩룿
齿һֻֻβţʹŤˣе㻹ңң
ݷ˺ߵ֣㱾ǽô£ȴͷҲҪԼաһ֮ͣ¹վô󣿱棬Ц
ΪĮȻΪˡ
˲˵˼䣬齿޷ܵؼûʲô𣿣㲻ɱĥĥʲôϻ¹㱣ҵģ㵱Ҹ淢Ҫÿ
ݷºݺݵһֱۣ齿໵Ŀ˳ü֮ˣԭͶƷΪϲ˭֪û㣬ֻи㣬ְָ齿Ů޴ĳǵΪ졣ʹ죬ȴֲΥ˵齿ҲֻԶԶ棬ͲҪǰȥ۲ĲŮͿ춪ˣԹۣ˱ضҪġģҲưոݡ
ˡ
ϵγݷ˺ȵ̬
һȻץסϵ磡
ϵ绯ΪʱšɴС飬ȫ˲ٿءݷѶɱģҪȺ¹ɱһټϺǼɵһʮֵͣȴץסˣ
ϵݺ꣬δֶ֣ץס֮ݷ˾һɲǵ͡齿û˳ӻһֻ̻Ͳҡ¡һͲгļХľըţæҵشӻͳڶֻֻͷɢҵҹ˶ҹ
κʹ˽һѣźţ
ηſκۣһ齿֪ڴʱպƽݷˣҪһƵˣæе
齿˹ȥͷҲأһĳԶˣ
αһƻмͷѪͬʱ齿Ҳź̻˳ȥɫҹһƬ貺Х
ˣݷŭϵʢʱĿף
ͻȻϵը÷ײǽϡҲһתĳޣһŮСݷ׺ǳʦһˣСݷ˵϶˫һһʱõĽκۣáУ֮ϻвΧţݷ˺װ
˳ͷͷǰͣ߰Сǽҵӵκáݷ˰ϴԼҲȥץ𽭳εƽϢֻһѪ˵ò̫أʵɸô죿
ݷ˵ʲôô죡㻹б֮սɱ⡣֮Ҫһ¹ˣߣ
κ۵ʦأʦǰȥüɽҪ
ݷ˶ݺݵصұ죡Сģ
κֻñ졣ݷȡָϵϵ˽εʳָȻϵҸʲô
ݷ˵ģģϵѾϹˡ
ãȻ㲻һ𣿡
ݷȻһ§˹ͷ£ڻ૵صúӡ
һ±ʮ·޲ðѽαɸСӤصȥ˭Ҳ˲˭Ҳֿδûĸױ׹ˡͷǰ˫ôģȻ֪롣
ݷһֱһ͵ץκ۵죬ƺҧгݵСӣɺޣɺΪ㣬Ǽʲô
κؿھԶԡβǿͻ߰иˣ޻˵
μ׷ʵ㲻һ𣿣
ݷһ֣Ƶκϡ
ԾͷСںˮ΢΢ҡΡˣ飬еνеķʹһʱ޷ߣ֮ȻһսݷΪĸȲֻߣ׶£ֻ˽ӡ
֪ȥޱȣξ֡վҲ´ϵȴȻһȦǶ˴ϣ׶áεǸʲô
ݷ˵Сֵġ˰ȫĵطȻɿ·ϵҲԶסġˣֱȥüɽ㣡
˵꣬תָκۣκӤãúûŽΣҲҪ֪֪
κ۵ݷˣ
ݷŭûУҽķϻֻûУ
κϵ磬ֻصͷκ׻ûʲôһŲ𣿣
𽭷ߣݷ۾ƺһ˲ˡ
ȻͲѵ𣿣
ӽն˩סСӣڴһšˮټһߣСƮɡ˼תƽȶѸٵ˳ˮʻȥβҽеﰡ
һ˼ʮȻݷ˺ԽԽԶԽԽССƮԶ֮ݷ˱ųһ˻ȥˡ
˷ϵ缸ݽ֮У˿
κ﷢һŭţߵϣϣϰϰ
κ۸ոձϵʮӣڻۣ֪޷ѵģͽͶѣ뵽ϻˣʹΣ侲ݷ˶Ǹ֣һ䡣ղǻǣסǸ𡭡
ô侲ô侲ɱ齿ǸѾźţһ¹˴ΧǼأ
κҲ֪侲бһѡҪ˵Ȼǰһ壡ǽˣ
ȻʻһҴ󴬡
վڴͷϻʮķ潭ԡνеףף
Ҳǣ΢֮ɫһ΢ˮĴֻ㿿˹в֪ʲô£ΣӤô£
Ⱥ꾭һЩϡŹֵϷѪ۵ſˮ縡ʬǳ£ˣ߲ȷǲڽʲôµϷδ̬ءȴ˵ᶼˣֻּŵصף׿ſǣ
ߵϵ硣ϵǲҡ
˵ȥϵ磬֪ոϵ˳˲仯Ϊһöָһָֻ
סˡ
ϵһƷԸΪһָϵ϶λдġݷΪ޿ĵһˣָסΣֱȫΪֹ˽ȻҲˣȴ޷
֪ʲôʱ򣬽߱϶˳λڶˡǰϵΪǰȫģ˰
ݷ˴δ˵ϵҲϽΪˡ
κκ˿ߡߵô£ôᱻϵڴ
ǿһݣץ¼ҵ˴ǼˣִǸֶˣ°ҪԿ˷źţ˵иˡףǿһȥ߰ɣ
ԣΪ֮ݡߵ֣
εǰףǡ
δ䣬Ϲһκκٴαסˡ֮ǰƣشϡ㶣ף
ߵһȥ뿪Ҫת򣬲Ҫ롣ϰ֮취ȥüɽĸ
κ۵壡
𾪹󣬽ηŴϣߵôҡβֹ׷ſңſң
ߵһȥӡ
εһȥ𣿣
߶Ȼ֣ڰһ£ŻͷΣҪúõġ
κ۵壬ǳʲô£õġ
߰ĿתϣӤΡҪ࿴ˡ
ֻصҴϡнԶξشе
С˳ˮ¡
֪˶ãϵΪһöɫָڽϡ
˺һ·ɤ˻ƣɰ֮һ仰Ҳû˵ʻȥûдˮػ
ݷ˵һһ¶òˣκ۴ʱȴã˱ĵطǻۣж޴󰭡îһɱľƴػһʱͽְѴ롣
ʱҹ
Žգ֮⣬ƻͨԵˮѵ¹⣬мʮյɾŰĴ󻨵ƣƯͷߡ
һжһɾΪһŸвʹࡣ
ԶԶػıͣסˣˮУȻҿͷҳϰȥ浽Ρ
ۺᣬ˫˫ȶڶ¡Σκ۵ȲҪŽȥ
κҵ˵ͷϢذѴ˺һߡǱһڰߵ׳бںϣ֦ˮСǳ˳һֱߵ㡣
˰ѴͣĴ֮󣬽ҹɫ֦ڻ˰κǷǽģקסΣߡ
־£ֲ嶫ǽУǱһΣһǽͷ⴦ǽͷһͷʮֵˡǰ͵͵ǽͷǣȴ͵͵ؿ档
κ̽ͷȥһ̳
Уϣվһһŵˡ
Щȫۣ½ڵĻƺѪһĿ
վŵģŵġصѾȫŲУǣ˵ضһһ˱ߣͷƺڲ쿴Ѳ֪ǻĽˡ
λڷĿͽߵӰκ۵ۿȴ˲ʪˡ
Щ˲ϤΡ
ָʹ̫Ѩ类У䣬ȥ뽭ߺ𰡣ϸſǸݵǲʦܣȻվǡǵǸƺ쵽ʲôת
κ̰Žεͷ
Ȼܵû㼰ʱȴǸ˵ģ
ǸͲ꣬߸ݣ㣬ڣݲ԰סȻϴۣȴûʲôǿʢƣЩ̫˹ˡ̫ƵƷӦ¼ҵλСӡ    

59 ʮ 4

     
κ۵ĵˣӣûУ
ʱΧǽڴϸϸĿ̤̤ĽŲУһҪˣˡ
κۺͽζϤޱȣˣ
ţ齿ӵصǲˣͲϲˣ
˵ô᣿ôҶϲ
齿صĺúºú¡ġһΪҪǸɱҲˡ¹ӡҡ
ƺסοҪ˵˽Ѿûˡã㡣
齿㻹ǸҪóˣҸͲôࡣҵۣۺۡ
ԼǰƣŻܰ˴ȴֿʼߵڰסϲίۣǲҪǼˡΪ˵ãҸ˵ٴΣǸɶõ˲ţһָһЩء
齿ص˲š˲ôʿô˲ţǧѵһУ
ڰʾˣ˺ٺЦȻΪ谮齿ȴû谮ҪΪŮ˾ͳԼĵزϾΪ¹εİɱֲԣڷᱳףҲ͵ھᱳҳǿıڣɶá齿Ϊ⣬ֵ㿴ֻµһСѣôţղҪǸݼ˶⣬˶ˣʬѣҷǲ
һûץסǽϻȥκۼֿסĺ졣
˶ӯ˳չ׹䣬ֱϡ
κ罭߳ŵʱ򣬻ݷ˳һܣ˴֮Էһ仰ʲôĺû֪ûмһ棬ûлݷٶ˵һ䡣
˲ΪȻôƢԣŹ֣ʲôʿɱ裬˶ɱģЩʲô
齿͵ǡα
˾ͰԼһЦ齿ֻݼҲǻˣż˸ףأʲôã˼һǲϲʮڱЦ֪衣ҲǱӦ
˵ŮĻͦмɫģΪʲôϲ
֪ֻҪǳòŮˣûʲôɲϲñֻɫƽƽŮˣвϸ˯Ůˡ齿Ҳ֪ݼôǿƣǸŮȴӱӴ˶⣬һûУȢôŻҪۣǵ˰˱ù
˵ŮӦҵĽɰһҡ
齿ЦЩӹκֱŭĽλᱬοǱʹȣһһҲ齿ĵصҵȻֻһˡһ˭
ʱһ˽¹ӣеӶѲˣķǧİٶڹࡣ
ĶǽҵĶ
˹ЦããʱӦôһҿɡﾡã
齿ϲ롣
˵ʲô룬ָˣдžŰ־Ŷˣɽϵ̫ƣұֵĸ裡
κۺͽҲȥˡ˷ǽһǳһţײײ뿪롣˺ԶȺں֮УڵĻЦﻹ֮ȥһŮ˽ĵĸޱȵƮϿգ·һѴо綾ĵӣһһµиǵĶࡣ
һܳκȻͣ
κҲͣתۣκץסΣʲôҪȥ
˦ֵҪȥ˵˻ҲҪȥҵʬ廹ܾôҲȥһȥ
κץøˣڻȥܸʲôݷ˶ɱˣȥһ֣
δеԹҵ·
κ۳ãӱʮ겻һҪûڣ
ܹʲôʱܹˣҹ
κۺȵݷ˵ˣҪҿ㣬Ҫúõģ
ұ죡͵һѣŭΪʲô
κ۱һƵݴ˹죬סҡΣΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô˰ɣ˰ɣ
סκ۵Ĳӣ۱Ѫ˿ΪʲôҪ
󱯴ŭ֮£Ѿʧȥǣ޷ȡκ󣺡Ρ
ΰڵϣΪʲôҪΪʲôҪǿͷҸ˵ٴν㲻ҪǷǣҪ֣ôϲӢۣӢ۵³ʲô㿴𣿣ڸ𣿣
ˣˣǵĹʲô£Ǽʲô£ƾʲôƾʲô
ȥɣȥɣȥɣ
κ۱ɫͨ죬ȵΣ
ӵ֣Ȼɿˡ
˳չ¡һıһʹʡ
ŵҪҵĵҵĵﰡ
κҪĸ׺ĸסǣ˭ҪҪˡ
κҲڿޣ˵ڲݴŶԷʹ顣
㵱ĺϪɽ¾䶴κ۲¼ҳҲҪҸɱġܾãûκ۵£ҲͲᷢô죬Ҳתء
һʹĽңĶ޴йĻں޺ŭ𣬸γϡ
΢ʱμЩˡ
һϣȻ˯˼һ̫ˣ޵˯ȥǻһجεȲ˯һ۾ܷԼԼķ￴ĸڷƢԹüŪ۵κۣڳ﷢ʾ֭ʲôԵģʦǲúΣϴ
Ǳ紵һҹ֮ҰݴͷʹѵԼһƫƧСɽº
ȶ˶κۡ
Լ˫ȣǿվ߰ɡ
һκֵ߰ɡ
εȥ
ɤӸƣκ۵ȥüɽϣȥʦ㡣
λӿ֡Լվ
üɽķͽС
һ·ϣ˶ǿ񣬲ĳأ·ǧ޵
ǵͷס֣ʳָϵϵĿڸһһһ顣ƵƵķǸԼļҡΪһħߵĵطһһΣ·ԶᡢԶôһϣǣˮҲԶֹסض
ӵôæûյأ˰պ󣬶ʼͷۻ뿪˼Ұ⣬һСǡκۿ˿Σһƣ붯ģšȥŪԵġ
ûӦҲûͷ·ϣһֻκ˵˼֡
κŲҪ߿ϸЩǮʱóɬһȦһѳʳ˸·ã˲һʱ䣬ѸٻصǷֿĵص㡣
Ȼȴˡ
κһͷˮͷһţǿ򶨣ڸһͨûΡų׻ˣסһԵһЬϲղŸҲСӣûпȥĶˣ
ЬһִֵͷղŸһǸ
κ۵ǰ
Ьлûô塣һֱŽ˷̧ͷٿǸطʱͻȻͲˡӦ˰ɡ
κ૵ˡˡ
ǻȥ͵ˣ
һκ۰Ⱦܣķܡ
һѸĳʳĺȣһ㽫󡣿Ǳһ·Ϳʼͷۻ֧ټͷţ˫ϥһ˵˵ϡ
һˣĻ࣬ﳢ˳ζ
κǻӿһǵصͺ⣬ȭͷڵһңһۻȥ֮ǰڵϵͷؿڲ˲ڱһ˺ҧѪһغݺݾ׽ºؿʹټ𼸸һͷ߳Աܣϣ·ϾͽסΡ
ǣֱܻ룬ҹϡҲû·ϼεӰ
κԶԶŵƻͨ룬ֳϥǲסǻͺһɳʱ䱼ܹеѪζǰ󷢺ڡ
ĵΪʲôû׷ϽΣҳ˶ֻô죬ҸۣҸѵܵñҿ죿ǻ𣿿ǲȥңһȥüɽ
ϢƬ̣ǾȥȷһһǽǱУκһھǧҪУ̸۽εʬˡ򣬷ҡ

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ôܡΪѾˣߺݷ˶ûˣҲˡֻһˣһˣһѽûУʲô֪ʲô첻
һη֣ԼСɽȻǰ۵
κ۵ۿȵüҪתһǽ䣬Ȼӭһ۵Ӱ
ʯ֮䣬κ۱㽫סˡ
ס˵˫֣סӣѹó׶вһ¾šĺ
˱סæκκӣҡҰ
ǸκһһӦǣĪʶˣ¼ҵӻԵ׵ģ
ȫͷƷϸˣ
ҡҲκӣ㡢Կҵ
κĵĪʲô׼
Ľ䱸š˵ת˹ֻüĿ㣬һɬĿݣʱɽϵСӡ
κĮȻʶ
תȥĲӣȵ˭
ƺеʧҡ
κü˭ȴ룺˭ǸƷģץ˵ܻ
ګګҡǰ꣬ɽİټ̸ʢϣҡҡ
£һɽƳκ۵ͷŭʲô㣿𣿣
ŵһƺ뱧ͷ£ǡǰ
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СֿĿİͰ͵ģκȴȻ˵ʲôǰɽټ̸ʢᡭټ̸ʢᡭôˣ
κ̽ʵǸ¡ʲôţòǸ
͵ͷϲǡң졭ҿκͽӣǿܻ
κ۵㿴ˣ
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κ۵ȴû߱ˣ
ģҲ߱˵ģ
ѵûнͣᶨġκ۾ɲֵκӣҽӵİɣ
κ۵𣿣
ʵʵصڡ챻ץġ
ԣκת棬Ƿǽˡʣãǲϲʸûãǲѣ¼ҵ𣿿ȷʵû淢ǡҷſ᲻ң¹ôĵҪȷһʧֻܡ
κͷһ˿ɱ
ԭɱصˣǼ䣬ĺ޻ϾơֻҪһܰĲšϣ
˼ңκӣҪȽӵ𣿡
κָ΢飬صȻء
ȻŵЦЦҾ֪ҡҿ԰ȳ
Ǽ䣬κۻԼˡȻ㣿Ҿȣ
š͡ڣϾܰպãǶȥˣ
κ۽ץסܣ
ܣҡҲ¼ҵӵܣҲһ
κĻɱ𣿡
æǣҵɱ˵ģҵˡҲûɱ˵ˣŸġģ
κ۵ĵʲô˼ѣίߣҲ̫ˣΪɵ𣿣
µǣȻģĵһɾϲ
Լʹ˸Ѫͷ޴ûáơ˼쿪ǣֻһˣɽ޷ǽפǳɰǧ¼ʿҲǸ
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֪䣬Ҳˡ˵һ룬뵽Լһвƾæſǲ˺Уһſܡк̰ͷ­򴩡Ȼֻתصҡһ
κۻججصȴšһԭתȦһĵôˣҷΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪһƭңθ棿βźã
ûһ㣬ǸȻıһˣϢسˡ
˻ѪۣɫҰף˫۽գһǽΡ
κ۵ΣΣ
̽̽кκһ֣ķһӵϵ硣Ҵˡ
κ۲֪˵ʲô뵽ղŻҪɱ˼ګګصлл
ͽ˵壬ѾƳȥˣ֮תˡ˵ز˾ߡ
˵κ۽ӹΣҪԼϣ˭֪һ۾ͿһڽǰѪܵı޺ۡ
κ۵ޣ
šˣõ˽ҵĽޡӦûˡ
κֻ£ٶ߹ǣ֪жûġֵ˻ֺһͻһץˡκӣңҿԣȴǶ㵽һطȥ
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֮ǰһ뵽ԼͽξȻҪһ¼ӵܵİӳ죬Ҳʱ˿̣κֻ˵л
ֵáκӣߣңд
κ۱ŽΣҵԤȲغõĴֻѽΰڴڣȼ򵥸˿ڡҩһĶκ۲ɵɽټ̸ʢʱģ
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գǳδʼ֮ǰһڲҹεŻţһƬС԰Ȼǰ֮
κ۴ַҶ룬ֻиɫµվǰһֻҡ
Ĳպ㣬Ʊ׼ƯֻϣһѾһҲкġ
鷢
κۺȲʵü
һеģӱϼͲһ֧µͷȴ䲻һİԱðŵһ䵽˵ϡκ۴ӻ֮˳Ц¼λӣúúãƯ̫ˣһûǼҵô
δ䣬¹ܵӰˡ
κһ°ͣĵҳôӢôӢðˣ
Ҳû·ϣ͵˸ϡ棬ص㳡ʼ¼ǱһƬ֡κʽΣǼҰ̸ôôڣ춼Ϸô£
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Ǳ֡˵ͷ˹Цûùʲô˷ˡ
ƺΪԼһֵˣ̰ˣҪƳɼģȥҿɹܲš
κĵҪ¼һܸǼص棬Ҳˡ
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˶΢ؿٿꡣֵԭЩ԰ףΪ˵ĿȻ۵ϣһӱͨ죬ڵʹسκۡκ۸˹ȥղڻ԰òͦõģ
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˵ܵͣ϶·ʱܱϣҲȷʵϡ˲ͷشϵðɣĶиӣϿһþϣþÿ
ܵλһӱ˳Źֽ˽ҿκǲŵӣļ磬ɡ֮ǰˡ
ָмؿһۣһ
ϧһκ۾ĵҡҡͷĵҪ
ִǴûǰָ⵽ֱ۶ڷһɳӶûСΧһԹۿ¼˷Ц֮׷׵úˣ
ұ۾úá
˱˷ʱˣϽһ˳ϳ
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ڱԼͣתͷŵӣԲ𡣡
κ˵Բʲô
ھεص㡭Ƽңȴ㶪ˡ
κ۵ʲôɶģǰڱǰɣղǽˣ
ֵ˵ͷκ۵еšʵ˵ɣǼҵöáҼӵõľԲ
˹ڸʲôʲô
κָ˵ûúá
αŭ
κһƣ治ɫصġʵûʲôýŵģǰϰˣ´һ˹Ŀ࿴
֣Ǹ¼ϵϵӵܣλϲ£ԸȴԱţ˵ҲͰͣò׿һȴΪ̫ŶŪˡǲúÿ˵ӴԺԽңҲǰˡκ۶˼䣬ټ˵һЩҪѵҪ㣬ղС԰ʱһЩϸ΢ëĿתסͷεôϻϿȥ볡
κһضֵھҪȥˡԿôġ
βͷ뿪ˣϱʲôΪԼǿģ𣿣
κ룬ֵصǰҲ𣿡
κۣûôҪģ

һΣκ۵Ŀϣת˻Ѫۡ˫ĿյĽϣָսȭ
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æ֣ǡҡ
κ۵ʲôⲻļռĸùҵĵ̰Ǵʲô
Ŭκӣ㡢˵Ǽ弡ǡҾûҪǵ˼뺦ǣҽ֮̾ͿԷڣҲҲصذ
κ۵ľ⼸һֱţƬ̲ɣһţͷԣǽŽɡֵȷǼ弣ʲôط¼˲ҲֻˡǿԴֻǣǧҪ˷֡
˶٣κڱԼ֣һллͱǸѽεƽŵڵľϡ
˭֪ڴʱСݵľͻȻˣһŮҪ㣡Һúý
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κʱһ亹ǰŵ˵ˡ
˽ӲؿվſڵǸŮӡ˵Ǹɫ΢ڣһòüȴ޶˸߰ϴۣĺɫ·ںԾ
Ʒǳߣƽ
˽ŶŰΣ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲκ۰һᣬǹһжžһˤš
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κ۵ûûСҲҾǣ飬㾹ȻҰǡ
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߳ȥִš˯֮󣬽תѡκһʼϲȻܿ췢֣Ծ
εı֣ƽ̫ƽˡ
컨壬ƺԴ˿ԼĴȤںδҲĮġ
κûϵӦϲŭһûУһΣ㿴üüϵ˭𣿡
οһۣû˵κ׷˼䣬ֱ۳ľ齣ͷ˿ԼؿڵĽ޺ۣЦһ
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κһʲôʲôо
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ΣǸ벻ҪΣСͻᷢ裬󺰴߶ˡٰΣ֮Ͻߡҿɲ˴򽻵ǸŮˣҿ˶ģ
˵ϳšκ۵ǲܾǿ˼𣿡
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ҩ˸ţȴܸ˵صҽҩ϶áҺüٱԺá
κڳ׷лл
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ͷϲǸ룬˯աϵĹͷƤ˶ˣֻʣһԶĽ޺ۣԶòĽ𵤣עûȬˡ
κҲ졣
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ΰߣصҡ
κ۵Է߳Ա˵Ȼ˵
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¹ܷؽ𵤣ܷ񱨵Ѫ𣬽ȻҴ⣬ŵص˵ͷ
תسɽȥκ۵֮ǰǸϵ㣡
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ЩۣͷݡѰĲ¥ƿģȥѾǼѵˣ˹ϸкδЩ̫ˡ
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κ۵ϣ˭֪¥һһѹѹĸߴӰ˹һƻĿڡ
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齿͵Ҳ죡¹ӣ쿳֣Ƿһֱأ
˵šòײҵСӣѪ̫࣬һ˾û˼ˡȻĵҪϴνСҽУ
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󻺻½ɽ˵㿴ذɣԹŨɣ¼Ҷû취ֻΧסֹ˳롣⻹ǰ죬ϣʲôеġ˽˴꣬ȥ޻أԶҲ
ץκ۵ͷһһ䣬Ц㣬ҲԶ
˵꣬κȥ



61 аʮ

     

齿ŴӴڿŵһӣŭҹֹʲô
齿δش˼ҡμǸκˣμˣ
˵ӽˡôμ㶼μˣ
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еűһţ˳ȥʲô֮ƨգ̫Σ
齿վСĵظһ裬һֺõĻ¹ӣǼңҲܲһӣһ̾ܡ
죡㶮ƨȥң
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齿סˡ
ϱգνϱ𣬻ССļ屻ִѹûУǷܱܿɽѹˣǰļҽˣͷңʲô֮ʱǶǲΪġ
ʱ㷢ˡļ֮УǸǽͷݣ¿ڼ߸ʲôַҲŲһݣڽڰˣܿͻԼֿԣ˵Ҫ¼ҵĴȿ޵ϼۣܳãñ˶֣ҪԼϱյһͿأسת˲λǸСʲô£ЦνϣɢɢʣһسСĽΣһδɵĳСӣˣԳƼַһַһټµ
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齿㷲һػصԼķ䣬ƤһֱֹһƤһְѹؿڣ˼Լ·
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ûз˺ʬ壬Ʋһǳɽķȥˣ˳ļ弣׷ȴȻһ˹ա
ڶգŸϽΣóϴη䣬ŷתˡ
εתΪת
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鱨һ·ϣÿһأŵسֲʬЩʬһ۵¼ʿƷĸߣΪ˵áȻȫ״࣬Ҷʬ˳ӿ֮εãЩҲǸɱ𣿡
аءӦһΪ
κߵаϣб¹а𣡡
׷ɱҹһƫƧɽǵվ׽ټ
վ¥¥߾ǡ뽭θϵʱպÿһߴӰ¥ڣ˴š˼ɵġ֮֡ݾߣ룬Ƿݶǿĺ⣬ĥݣ߷죬ȥ
һ糾ͣﱧһӰŲ˶¥˷ŵߣٱǰеĲڵܲ͸磬Żصߣ͵ơ
΢ĵƹɲ԰䣬ۿ֮ȴŨصĺɫߵһˣʵʵڶһŴļ룬ڶɪɪŴȻҪƣһô죡
̧ͷͽζһۣжͬơ
һˡ˵ôӣּϸȫˣ
ͷѵƣͷֲ𡣡
˺صǡôԶôãӦáץס˰ɣ
ĮȻҲ
ŭʲôҲûӵ㻹Ͽܣ
Ҫҩˡ
˵ţһƿ˵Ķһƣݶϵ˾һ
֮£Ű衢ӢЩףһŲ˱Ĺͷ
һһƤһذѱͷ˵ƤҲ¶ϱ鲼Ųȵ˺Ͱ̺ۣʹ˷·һªȫǰǸ˵Ӱӣ
ȡҩƿȸ˼ҩ裬óҩ࣬ͷϵͿĨ۵ʣȻҪᣬˮ˿ã۵ø
ֻǿˮ޶ܿޡһҡҷĻ֮ԣһ˵Ĺͷѳݣ﷢Ĺ⽫ϨϨƻơ⾰󣬵ױȵĿֲ
ʱ˼һӣӣǲǵӣڴӣ
ǣǷ
ȻѾŵˤϺְ˵ǳʲô⣬޷Լ߶ˡ
Ϳҩӻȡӣݵ԰ɡ·
˶߶ҧһڡ״κյ̲״һڸԲϣ˾汨Ӧˬ
Ļ죬ؿЦ
ͻȻҧʲô¶µ飬Ѱ˳ȥеҲ⣡ҲԣҲԣ⣡
ֵһġ
˵ˣÿҪҵʲôʱܻҵǶ
ٶȣա
˵ǳʵϣţ١ʵȴʹ֣죿죿㿴ڵңʲôӣٶ죬ֻʲôӣûõĶ
ȻվŵһΪһܣ֪ˡеĻһһǰֻǿ̣Ҳ̣æĿڵ´磡ߣ㲻ңֻҪһҵߣϵȵĿ䣡ңҴ磬ڣҴ磡
¥ݵķ򣬵ء
ˣͽζˡվ¥ǱߴģһһµĽŲ
иˣһһز̨ף¥
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Ǹ¥һ£˳һܵӣֶС
ݶϵͽ˫˫ѹ˽ϡ
ȻȵǸƵ¥ݣ΢ЦŻعͷ󣬿ݵŵ۾



62 аʮ 2

     
촽ز˲˼֡μվ
κۣ
ǣ˴ͷţûһԭǸκۡ
κ۷һɷ˵꣬۽üҾЦ⣬Ϻú·ˣһ֮ȴ԰ףЦоɭȻ
ǰ̫˵ϣټδʹݶϵ˶ޱȣȴûóȻȥֻǰͷѹø͡߷ˡ
ڣһµκתԼѾֻʣˣ
κ۵۾죬㻹Ϊ𣿡
˼ߵ˽űһĶͷһ˸ղӳȥӡ
κһüôʳ
˴ӵϵ˺ѷεصҲԣҲԣҲԣ
һ߹Ǻһûʮָ˫ڵϵصĺڶ˳䣬¶ȡ׸İһ£˱쳣ϸҵĶ֮϶¶滹ʺѪ˿˿ɭɭ׹ǡ
ϵ⣬Ȼң¡Щ⣬Լȥ
յվص˼Ľκۻδţ°ڣһ
ڶյ͵ȼƵĻ֮ǰκ۵һһڰ֣һŲҰ׵״µĺڰиֳ£˿֨֨ľ׽
һɫСӶűߣ·һͷʳСޣڿʳκͶιʲô
κ۳ֻ֣ɫĹͯͷϡϡԴ¡ͯͶιĶת˸űߣСȣһ߿ݺݵؾ׽һú˫۵
ģ˵ָ
ضԣȻ˵ָ
ǸɭɭĹͯͬɭɭκۣս˱ܳĽ
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κЦһһĹ¹
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κ鶸ת𺣬Цƾʲô֪֮Ҫۣ
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ݶ˽ɫһݡһ£鶥վ¥κ֮䡣һʱһϹתĳ͵Ϯӣϲ͵һᡣߴصⳤ޵ڿУ㴫ľǶ֮ͬʱκͫһγһֻӣվԭ˺ҧĹͯŮѸ࣬İˡ
ûȥɫ죬鴤أֹ˫ĿԲ鼸ۿͯͽֹ⾡ԣκ΢΢֣ջĿͽ֮ɨˣûһȿڡ
ΣһֱۣһȥκҲ룬һӣεĽ
κ۵¡
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ǰԣȻǰһƣСӣ£ȥˣ
һȴǿϲûǰĿʼκϡκ۱һĵһ㶣Ƭ֮Ҳһ˻ȥһѾһѾ
ϵǹ֮Ƴ嵭˲١ϲŭһ£͵ƿ˵ɽǸӻҵ죬ĹӰҲûţҪҲҸǰæͷˣ
κһ°ڣֵ˵һѾһȺ¹ʱҲڵߵңǶŰץ˸ţһطȥˡ
һ˵ţŮһֽŲõسȥ˺ҧʱɷκ֮ɫκ۵Ĵϣһǧĵĳ輧ڹɵ˵ĻģﻹҵЦκббߣһһ¸˳ĳĶɫ⻭Ȼýе㲻˿̸ΪȻʲôطϸ̲ѯʹϵˣ˵ûˣ
κ۵ϵˣЩûҰ¶¶˭Ҹ˵ʵ¹϶ֶηڣȻ˵ûҡ
һһȺƥ򣡡׷ʵʲôطɽ𣿲ҹôģˣ⡭ֻʲôȻĻ֮ǰҺӽҹϮΧɱ񣬽ȣû뵽㣡Щ׭Ҳĵģ
κ۽Ƴһֱڿǣ΢΢һЦɡ˵ĳһضѨظص伮ȻͱɱķˣŲţ
ѣ滰˰ɡôˣضضؼ
κֵ̯㿴˵ֲšԺл˵ɡ
οһ֪ǲӵǰ˵ĻϲɫҲá֮˵ͺá
κ۵šͺá
ظ˼顰ͺá͵һƣǡ¹ץסܲ
κ۵ǡ˭
̲סƨûҲ
κ۵ⲻǸճʦ㶼ܺãؽνϣ˲սҾȥɱֻ¹ס£ˡ
һ䣬˹ȥҹߵ΢΢ݣɫصƽպãҾ͵Ͻߣѽͣرʶˣ
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һֱվһԣʱȻڣκۺͽζתκ۷·Ҫк΢΢ף
·ɱģǲ㡣
κ۵Ȼ
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κ۵£ǡֱȫ̫ˣһһɱǿһһظ˲ض˵һûĥܹЯ֮¼ңıӡЦҪƫҪһһĿȫǣ˲ˣ
Ц䣬ֲ̣ãǰһʲôٿЩɷ֮ģ
κǵĻбҲ˲г֮ӣ⻰ʲô˼
κۣش𡣡
ͯŮ궯κۻͷɨһۣǲʲԸػˣǱڰ֮СκתüʡҲش
ȻܹܹͻһܣտǸովñط꣬Ͷץˣ̫ðɣ
ֲڣκۼвУ˶Ѹסβ֮κ۵һΪӦˡһԲϴ֣ǲе飿
ش𣡡
м䣬ӣ
κ۵ӣʵĶһʱѽҺ֡׷ϵؼش𣿡
ԽΣֱȡκ۽Ӻǰ˰ɣαô档տ㾿ʲô
һһһعա
ԣκۺͽζһ
κЦعգ֪ȥʲô
Ȼ򣺡Ŷˣ常аħˡĵȻҲˣҾܾ
ξضӣϼҷҵȶסǰĺϪɽ¾䶴κо֮й֮꣬Ҫδⲻ顣
κۿ԰м緶
ε졣
ҲҪ
εعոʲôӣͷǹϲЭɱ¹ȴҪһ׹Ű𣿡
һԶԲˣκۣκӤϰаչḶۣһ⡣
κ۵Ҹ𡣡
һں˵ԡ
κ۵٣ԣ
Щ¸ܿƵסġ
κһ˿죬ҵȻƵס
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κҲŭһҪͷҹȥҪȥ֪ǹϵĽգΪ˭Ϊǹ˭ΪҲᷴ
֮䶸ȻڱܳϵֹǽڷףӣδǼսʱԹǲϾϵֺα̫κۿվߵģμˣ
κۻɫֻҪɱ¹ˣΪҪôɱģ
˴С໥ǻʱһһˮ©ֵֽĳ˵䲻ĻҪ׷κҲǼҵˣֲΡ˭ȥҲȥ
һ䣬ɫһ̧κۣͷ˲ҡ
δ䣬˷ϸĲҽСκ뽭εעתˡǲԼͬƹ֮ǰϵţȻʹ״˰Ƥһ۾ͿϷڸ
һᣬһ죬ǰ¶ʹ̹ǵ顣ʱ˿̣ǾӸµףҲһЦɭȻһֺ⡣
˽ҲСҲˣճɵɵԼûʮָ˫֣˿ˮκһţ߳ɳη¹ơ¶Ĺ໥Ħʹ˷ʹУڿյվ̶εôô⣿
κ۵ûһȻ⡣
Ӷģ
κ۵ôеˣȻҸģŮ˷ҧġ
עߡκۺȻּĴڣת΢Цӣĳ棬̫ܲʺԹۡرһ°ɡ
˵ˡ롱ȴȶҲصӣˡУεѾɣҲ÷ֵˡľͶǼҳ˽Թˣ㻹Ȼذɡ
Ŀ⻹κۣκ۵עȴѱӲдĳ˶ȥ˺˫Ц˷ֲ̣ܶҲһ飬˶ڸ֮У˭ûȥˡ
Σת¥
վſ˺һȴʼûȥ
֪˶ãžҹɫĳơ
̧ͷºĨԶɡ
ҹѹϵ̫Ϳˡ
ϵ̫䡣                        



63 ʮ

     
κۺȻһ䣺տ
֣һץסһֻӡһֱߣڡ
κȴδѣ۾ǽţȴץţƺΣֹ㡭
΢΢һû
κ۵Ŷ
һ䣬Ƿһ㣬ָˡ
κһһˣ׼˭֪κһֻ͵ץסһֱ۲ţҸߣҴȥ
۾
һκǰԼˣ޲˲˫ۣӴӻ絽һƬȻ֣Լ˫񱧾ݡˮиľһ㱧
֣Ͳˣ̫ǣ˸˿ڣһüϻˡǰ䣬衢Ρ롢ߡݷˡǰתסˣ
κ۵ˣû²ۡ
ƿѾذˣٽҿ˿ھȻѾˡٿϣҲʧˡ
κ۵˶ã
ȷƵȷŷſ졣
һͱţ˿ڲǳϵһ˿̺Ҳޣٲ˹ϵƷҩκ۵л˳ڿһԼػһôͱһͳŲסˡ
˭屻ͱһŲס
κ۵ǿɲһҪǻϱӵ壬ŰسӶԼȥսٳ
ѹֿʼϹ˵ҡҡͷתκΪҪߣæտտߡҺ˵˵Ҳã㲻Ҫҡ
㻹˲𣿡
κ۵µģµġ
Ѿþûᵽ֮ߵĸоˡ
ѽȡ£ݸĽ
ѽκһŵлл
סѩĽ֮ӳһ˫۾κ۶˫۾һ󣬰²УԶ⽣ˣ
ҲסĽΣ˿κ̾˿ĽĵҾ֪Ϲ࡭Ȼķ⽣ˡһĴҸײˣ¿ɺã֤ɽγ˿϶κûܣС
´һɾӣֻнһյֽơκʵ
֪
κ۵Ҵ֪һ緢ô죿
һ˵Ѿˡ
תһˣĨɫȻ
֪컹ûϵץߣسӦвߣκ۲衣Ȼһ£ʵʬأ
سʬۼɻɣܣҲ˿εȥˡ
κԷģʵķӦ
޷졣
κ֪һ̬ȷûʬ𼣾ˡ˭֪سȴص˵׷鵽ףһһȻκѾǣǷҲøһˡ
ֳ
س̾һ˵ʲôá
ֳͷ­ȷڽС
س

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š
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š
سЦˣжһ˾Ųţ
κۣκӣңŽͷϣǶûĿãƾԼһ˵˽⣬Ǹ˵˵ǡ
ΪԼ˽κۣҲΪԼ˽ҲԼжϣôѵҾͲԼж𣿡
κֵ˶ִ
ǲسiӽǿթƻҰĲ۵ףȻسǰһֱαװʾûҪȥԼĽֵܣȴȥһȷѪ֮ˡ
س׵κӣ㲻صġˮʯ֮ǰҲƫκһҲᱩ¶ǵ١ȻҾͲ͵ҵĺңΪˡ
κ۵лκĳᡣͷ­ڽǸǧȷҷǵˣԹϮȾһЩ֪ܲһ֤
سݵصκӣҲȷһЩǣ㲢֤ڽ̨ҿġ
κ۵˻١˵Щİɡֱȷ߻ħ㲻ʱҲ̫ˣԭһû򣿡
سΪʲô
κ۵
سκӣ̸ֽ֪ġ
κ۵ô֧ûʲôŹ֣
ĵӾͰڴͷκ۽֮𣬵ͷ룬㴵һϣ֧ӣȷʵ̸֧ô
سǡ
κ΢⣬Ҳס
سΪϴĶ֮Ч
κ۵ϴҲ٣Ϊζֺɶûӡ󣿡
Ƨϰ
سǡ
κ۵ǽҪѧ׵ô
س
κ۵ôϰΪνҪ֧ӣϰģ
سΪҸ߹ϴϰЧüѡȷʵ꣬κӲҲһΣ
ԣκһҸղŴˣ
мһΣˡ
κЦҴˡǽˣԹϮʱȷȷʵʵôġҿԱ֤һ䲻ظһ顣
سǱѧˣ⡭ûܡ
κ۵ȷûܣ˹ȺôǴֻ¶ǹġٴһΣλϸˡһΡ
ȻִһΣڶνӽĩβʱͣ
سǷһΡ
κȡ˴ߵĵӣһΣҾãһΥ͡
سȷΥ͡ǣԲǡϴһ֡
ͨĵ󣬶ϲԭˮ齻ڻȻһ壬һɣضǱĥġһβڡϴȴ롶ϴİɣпܾiɥĹؼ
˼Ƭ̣س
ӣκ΢΢һ
һƧС֪֪ĸν䡣ɸɽǣԱݾӶ࣬޻ֻǶӣ׾һµŵƷֻ֣ΪһƳǵ׺֮ǰȴɫ使Сɫұޣҹɫƺӫ⣬á
κоô˴ض죬ȴֻüҴһƳϾϸʱѹ֪ڴ󲿷ѰЪžޱȣһ·ˣسǾֱ˲
֪һչѲǵĲ󣬵ؽ֮ԭȸֺ޶£Ҳһá˽ڣκۻɵҵɵԴô
سﲻС
ߵһ֮ǰƿһϯӣҿµľ壬ԡ
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سǴһ֮ǰһȫ־
һ鰸鰸ֻһյֽơȡ˸϶ʽֽʣĬдǶɵסΧ鰸߷ֹÿ˸ʮһһһҳһҳضսܳеףѰϵĲ֡
Ȼʱ˶ûҵһǺϵסҲ˵ûҳԴ
κһһĿʮеعףһĵѵҵĲҵ־Ҳû¼֧ӣܣҶûղأطûղءܲԼһ֧Ļ鷳ˣҪ֤֧йҸϼһȻȴչǰ·ңڴԴ
κۿЩСֿãЩۻͷʣ¼ȸһٿѿǵĬĬκ۸µļ˹ȥͷҡس̧ۣһĻֹ
ʱⱾ
е˹κ۵ʱ˾񣬿濴˿ҳԱеĲףȫһ
վߣָǰҳ
ǵͷһߣִֵţκ۵һЩ¡ײŶס񣬱Լ۾޳ָŲϸֱ棬ǰҳ
է֮£ⱾײƺûʲôףϤ֮ˣЩ˼ܿһҳǰһҳӺͺһҳǽӲϵġ


64 ʮ 2

     
κȡӣӴһΣȻǶϿġǰһҳİ׺ͺһҳİףͬһ֧ӡ
ҳмӦûһҳСۼ˺ˡ
˺úϸģû°ҳԱ˷κ۷ᣬֻɫϣдֵ
κ۵ǳʲô飿ӵе֡
һ
κ۵ǱߵģѹֵӺ߲һ
سɫӣǳഫǹһλʿ˴Ư⣬ڶ֮꣬ѼɵһаⱾӣʱ֮ãݣ鷳꣬Ѫʧ顭ǿߣ֮ڣȡ
κ
иˣĵһЩ鰸ϵֽƣۼֿؽκ۵Ȿǳ棬ûһ֧ӣʹԪ񼤵Ѫڡŭ֮ģ
سӦеġ
κֵУû֮ȡ̫ˣ϶ѡɱǿаΪƽɣ£֧ӣûпԶҩһ߻ķ
سС
κ۵ôƲͺܺˡǶβڡϴĲףǳⱾǳʧһҳǳصĶаΪϰûʱڽҳ¼ֻ˺ߡԣйĿ֮ܣ˺һҳΪǲסΪ޶֤ȷһһ춫·߱˵סҲ޷жɵԴ
һж棬̹Ȼġϴ𲢷ķ֮ˣ㵯ϴӦöдµӡˣֱӵаǷһۣ֧졢ЧҲȫ෴ۺϵһ𣬾ȻۺϵúòͻأȻһ壬츳ʵĸߡҲ£ڡϴֻʹúٵڡǳĶŷϾڴ˵Ȼ޷ֱһΣѾ۸Ϊа
ĬΣسȻʱ֪׵ĽңҲûи߹
κ۵ˡֱԣ֮ɽϵĲҹԵ׵ģңһλޱȳɹԵסҶҵ֪Ǳ룬еĵͼ;ڣ鱨Ĭдܳһ鴫ؽ̨ǰҲĽҡĲʲô
سдǶβ׵ֽһ󣬵ң취ȥһβס
ֳ
سʱΧ֮ѹκѲ羭飬β׵ȷǣǶ׫࣬ҡ
κ۵߾аϼѵۡ
سԡ
ΪϵļȻ˵ֿƺֵĻɼ˿顣΢΢ֳ
س֧ʲôһ㣬֪Ľ֪ĽеĽȫǲͬˣôУһֱǡ踺ءϵ¡Ҵ˶ڸǳ⣬֪ĲʵġҪţǰһжǼٵģɱԼһλ֣ҲƵһڣһܷ֮ҸһЩжϣ
سԭiͽĻ٣һǺͺŽ̽ϰԼΪiľ˭֪ȴɾ˽Դ
˶û˵һֱ˲ŵȥ常
ĬõسҲҴκӻȥ֮ٹ
κ֪İʯСϴһֻصƧС֮ǰվǰκ۵֪֪
س常ã˶ضˡ
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سһۣǵĸ֪ľ
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سκӣ֪Ҹ׳չأ£ôϼ常һִġ
κ۵֪
س֣ѱûڰУҸ׳չأΪĸס˴˵Ǿ˵֮
κȻ
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س֮Ҹױһӣĸ׹һӣԼҲΪչأʵΪ˼
˶٣κӣףôΪʲô𣿡
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سɫ΢΢ãȻãŶԣ
κ۵Ҳ֪
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κһ׵ĸ§ڻѩ׵Сǵ÷ۺģҲЦˡЦ⻹δɢȥسֵһ죬常Ȼ˵ȥˡ
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һǸŮˡ
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κ۵ʲô߾ĪˣվǰˣǷˡ
سЦЦϴδ͸¶ұӦġҹҺȻһһʱ嶯
κ۵κĳǶ֮ˣ߾ɷġ
سҲʲô
κ۵Ը˵Ҳʡ
سӣ㲻˵Щ£Ҳ˵ġ
κۻҪ𻰣ȴͷһ¹ֻԲľ̳ӣķڡκǰһģ


65 ʮ 3

     
߽Цκ۱̳ӽȥıӰҡҡͷĿȴΪ͡سһۣģ
ͷ
س㡭òҪơģǴ
ǸϡҲףһԼĿ֮ˡ
سǿһЦ̾˿
سߺŽšκһ߲Ʒ⣬һ߻ĥ޿Ĺ£еǸļ壬˵ǺУҷֿ̰壬ȴǡء
˻ζ̲סһλϵĺˡ
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̧ʵ£
κѸٻع񣬵û¡ǩͦƯġ
ǩһöǳɫĸɻüãɫɣϸҳ֮Уɢŵ㡣κ۾ֽöǩ˳ҩ
š
κ۰±㽫ǩܵĴͦġ
ϸĵؽöҩɻнҳҵ֤ݣϢ
κ۵ǡϾĸ硣
سͽϵٺãҲǹϵˣԼԭ
κ۲һֻ̳ĵϴտ˵ʱʵشң˵û͵ȹЦЩЦʲôܲרŸȵģôеҪˡ˵ҸòΪĨ¸ǸϾҶôˡһ߳ŭҳȥô죿ҶôûɼԽˣһҲġԣҲӦɴװҲ֪Ĩʲô壬´λܹһҪˣ޹˵Ҳ֪֪
κе⣬ôˡ
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κ۰ֵû£ûû£
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Դӻ֮ÿϷŪְʯͷԼŵ³˰˼⣡
κ۲֪ʲôʱ˯ȥģ賿Ȼһ飬һδؽѷͷջأһв֮͡
κһǹϵͨǵǿƷĸߣ֪Ľ磬ܵʾ
֪Ѿʮû˸ˡκ´Լ²֪ʲôʱˣߴ±ߵʲôˣ
ҡҡͷʾκߡǱֱһľֽ͸ƹ⣬κ۳һͥԺǰľңң
ȻΣسڣԾһۣ˴ȻЯκ֮
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Σֻһʯഥ֮ƺ˷һϣ˹ȥ
ȿڵسΪ⣿
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س㡣
öͨûʧЧʧЧԭˡ
κˡ߾˽ãس֪ͨҲ˽һö볩ͨ裬⼸ڰ֪Ľ޸ˣջ˽öĳȨã֮ˣ
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κ۱ΪҪ̲ģ˭֪ȴ˵Ļƺ䲢Ȥ΢졣⣬ֵ磬ôˣ
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سģҾϢ
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˴С·֪;УʯСԵĲݴķֿһѩСԴһԳĶ䡣
ֻӷɫıµĶȻһȱ㳯ȥƬݵϣСƻһԣʮֻԲİΧߣ۾˯ȣֻڹκߵߣɦɦСƻ¿ͷСƻһ飬ǿŴˣκۣҪ󺰴УѵҲˣ׷׳Ǳ߱ȥһһţѩ׵ѥӱߣȥҲ֪˷ʲô
κǣСƻקвߣǺվڵϣһһذϣȻ߶֮ЩñĿİ˫ѥӣκôҲ뿪һֻڱ䵭ɣ϶ȴᣬ޳ָɦɦһֻӵ°ֻͣ˦˦Ķ䣬Ťͷȥ챦ʯ۾гһߣƺɦ⼫ˡκ۹ȥӣȴŤͷκ۵ôңֻһġ
һۣѰ͵κЦŽ˹ֻıŤŤȥκ۳Ķ䣬ϲңңӰôҲûӵģǹԹϲҰɡ
κֻӶһ󣬵ǿ֪ĴţŽֻëӷˡЩӲܼˣĵش¶䣬ԭأĿȥ
κۻͷ᲻ѽû뵽㾹ȻôЩСϲʱһǺϸģҾͲ
У
κ۵ǰϷɵģߵģˮεģҶתܡ
ҡҡͷ˼̫ˣһκˣŲǵϲ

66 ʮ 4

     ɽС·뿪֪нԶֱ뿪ķΧκۺȻѽҶۡ
ֹϢҩ
κ۵ˡȥͺˡ

κۿ¿Ķ̫ˣǣ˿ڡ
˿ϣˣͣת˿Ȼ֣ܿ˵λãסһᣬСƻıϡ
һ¿ӣһ·ԡκСƻϣЦ䡣ô
κ۵ûô
ǸһС£еС⡣
ȻºܶǵˣһĻ棬ʼģģӡԺ֮С
һС·һͷС¿ˡһӰһŮһᣬŵС¿ıϣٰһССĺӸ߸߾𣬿Լͷ
ǸòȵСӡǺӵļͷһӱúܸߺܸߣݣһץӵͷһ˫ڲֹҽСǰŮӻλƵ¿ϣǣƺЦʼĬĬģ˵ֻǰУø߸ȣһǣ¿ӡ˼һС·ϣسǰߡ
Ϊļ䡣
ĵ
κ۵տǣһǣ¡
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ȻɲΪʲôκ۵Цôã԰Сƻǣ
κšͲСġ
ʲô
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տ㣬ĺϪɽ¾䶴ף㳪׸裬׽ʲô֣
ΪκȻ
κ۵˵ɣʲô֣Һ³ôϳҵˡ
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տڲκ۴ߴٵ˵ʲôӣ˭ģ
ҡ
κ۵ģ
š
κԭΪǹϲ֮ģˣ־ϲʲô˵ϲʲôȴ˵ˡ̽ϳҵĻ˵֧ӣû

κһˣ͵СƻһšСƻŭشƺӰȥۼֿسӡκ§СƻĲӣûû£Ƣֻᵯ¡Ǽ˵׽ʲôְ
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ӦһƣžȻԼˣԺһֹľϰһûĶӡǽ߶һ߸ߵݶ⣬һֻӣСߴߴȥ
κۿԺӽ˼ϣ߹ȥһһص˲ڣԱɡ
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ȵûͻһ˳ȻΪʲôҪ㣬κҲ뵽԰ΪʲôҪµĴֲϵǣ̹˵ʳﲻˣǻ¸ɶˡϰˡ
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ٸصҴСĹ£Ϊ㣬ץȥιǴ˺Сģ˭֪ȻˣȻˡ
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67 ʮ 5

     ֵֻԩͷծҪѩޣȥЩɵıѩްɡǧͨ˼ҡ
ɷ˭˵׼أɽһɱǧ˵ʱһСǵã겻ֻЩˣͨ˼ҶǸײϵѪħ
κ۵Цݽ
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ڴʱũ֮ȻһֲԺһԭ˵Цؼв˳Էͻķŵ붼ˤһǺӿ곭һѳͷ££
ŵˣκ۶΢΢һκȴһץסǰ𶯡
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ǸĹ﷢εӡұϾʬʬӵġ
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Ĩ˵ϵĻҺ͡ҿǽȥ֮󣬰û
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ͷκˡҼˣ֪͵͵β棬ǽũûչȥǽǶСΣߣǾԼԭȵģûϸһ߰
κۼҪЦˣһͲͣ˭֪κۺȻ˫մѪô£
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κ۵ͦġ
ô飬ǻҪȥҧˣ޷ֹһ·϶ʬ
κ۵һ·ϣһ·϶ǰЩ𣿡
ګګͷʶͬȻǿΧҲȻ˹㣬ˣѹһ·ƽ˾ˣκۻ֣˵дʬڳۼΪûֻԭɨƽϰˡκ۵ʲôʱǺģ
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κۿڼʿɱһ֮
κ̾ҲҸطʲô𡣡
Цǹӡܲصȥء
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ھ˭¡ģԶ
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ҡͷԲûд
κ۵ǸǲǴϡ

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Ǳߵһ֮ڳһŴСȫһµĿӣһ߰ѱɢʬŽȥһߵλʮֱǸǵʬѾֲ˭˭ˣ˵ģҪ֡
ϣʣʬ壬κۺ
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κЦ֪Կ϶ҺáϣǰһΡҹԣ˵ҪԷҲǵò
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΢΢һ٣ƺ˼һ£κ۳ȴû뵽֮ʲô
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κ˼һøʲô˵Σ֯ˣôֻʣ֯ԼŶ֯ǰȵģǯ}Ļţȥͷգ֯ȽϺʡֵأὣȥҹԣնħټװûй£ҲһġǹȻǲСġ
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˵һʬɽɽҰҸطһȥڵһˣ˻٣ԭǹսڣϰ߰ʬӵԹ겻ɢճΪһ˵جΡ
·ΪԹȾɽϵ֣֦ҶڵġɽһɵĸǽǽϿģֹ˻˳롣Χڵǽɽϵģ޷˵ɽԹ飬ֻ˶ΣѡΧ¸֮ǽκƵһΣһؽӹ̵ǽ
ȻǵִʱȴָǽһΣٴαƵˡ



68 ʮ 6

     
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κһ±֪Щ϶ǵ֮ڼѹڷˮѨλϵɽʯޡʯа֮ܣҪ󼫸ߣҲʮְȫѾ˻ٻˣ汩
κۺһͷѾˡ
վʯԣͷڿʲô
ָָʯ޵ĵ
ʯѹһشԲİ׮ϡ׮ԣɢС׮ƺչǽڵġ
˫ϥأָ֮Уץһڵģ㡣
κ۲֪˵ʲô߹ȥļ硣
κ۵֮УμΪ尾£طȹġԭûҪʵεġ
ԣһĵط
һϯ죬·ǧϸС˽κ۲ϸϥأضµһʲôȻһ΢΢˹
ǴӺɫ￪һ԰׵Ļһֱֻۻ
СñתţκһסѹøͣԼͷ䣬סİ
յֱֻߣϸȻĬ·ʲôΣ΢΢ףֻһصصȥ
κվȥ⼸½½ץһٶڸڶšǣץ˵˶Ѿɽˡ֪Ǿʲô֮СЩ
ߣӭһЩɽԵưݡ
ЩݴСܼ򵥣ªһ֪ǴҴҴеѱյֻʣһӣеһ̮õģҲа߱ҵϡáʮ紵ܣտڡӲд飬Ĭظɽˡ
Դɽ֮ĽŲһֱأʱվһǰˡ
ǵִһӡ뿪֮ǰӻõġȻªȴһõڷ絲֮סϤˡӵˡ
ν˷ǡôСǡɴ˾˼ˣ
κ۵ˡ
Ѿ뵽ˡֻ뿴ûж
δ䣬Ƶ֮УͻȻҡҡλεվһΡ
γŸһݱ¶ϡչ֮¡κһƣʬȻ죬κ۴סˡ
ѾʬܣơͬģѱݵʬܣҲٲ򵥴ֱȵȵá
һǰһѽͷ­󣬴˷Ҳ֮ɫ߳ʮֻʬЩʬŮٲһʣ£ʧɢЩʬ塣٣һɢոսǰΧʬȺʱһȦ˫־һֻߴʬ׵֮⣬űһ֦̣֦ͷѡκ۵Ǿֱɽ
Ҳ֪⼸˶ʬһһһʬһɽϳԽڶʬȺԽܼĺϿգȺѻҷɡʱ֮ǲڵõһϢļ϶
κһͷٵɽʯ˿ԳǰԸˣֵԸҡ֪жɶˡҲŪ
٣гһݸ
κ۽ӹһ㡣Ϻְѽһӣֽˡνʣѩ׵ķһ󣬹ֽȥЦŵллֽ䣬ûʹ˼κץץͷ͵̫겻ýϰˡ˵̾˿ðɣʵʵԭ΢ƷҲûӦеԣͺˡ

һڷϥվһΣգɽľͷһںɽ
ڸ߿࣬δ߽ԶԶıϮ·޵
˵ɱʬ캦֮µϳħ
ħ񷶥Ǳ붴˭ҲûнŲǴӶѨԽԽԽӡ
κ۶Զеָƣǰĳ˸ֹơ
ֻһ֮͸ʯϵĿܿһǧ˵ĶѨһٶˣֽŽԱšһٶ˶ͼᣬɫ彣ȻҪôƷĸߵҪôֱϵӵܡ
κһۣδ̸ȻһڵϵҪ˵㵱ʱͲӦֻͱһΪʲôֱĨĲӣ
ʵ󣬵ħǿտһھͻˣԸ͵Ҳһһڣκ۾;΢죬һⲻͽܵĽ
һӵǸɫ꣬ǽ˭
迴ûһۣͷһ긹дĹ֮Ѿ뿪üˣôҪɱҪиʹ졣ԸҹԱҧҲﱻ
߶߶ǡô϶֮¹ƳʬܣȻȻȥԸǵļˣ²֣õɱҧκԣ
ͻȻصұ졣
Ȼұ죿ʲô˼
ʲô˼˻ɵˣ˻죬𳳣
ôãͻ꣬ŭƾʲôұ죿
ϻиƨãೳܶϣ˷
㣡
һڱɽôʬҲ֪ʲôʱͻʱҲҪܣ
侲˼׷ȷģôԼͲ裬٣Ϊ˭ΪɶҲǣҾͲ죬ҿ㡭
ˡһԴͻȻײ˹ʹôһҪܣ㰡ѻءûģ
䣬ŭɶŲ㶯֣͸첲ϥǲãҵöԷֱСһˣȴǸǰӵģһԿµ㣡һΧ˼׷ڸɼǾȺŹĺһʼǿȰ桰侲侲ɴ˼֮ʹüԽԽڣմһҲ˻ս
˶ȥˡκħǰʯϣȵι
һڷħ죬Ťһŵ̧ͷȥ˼׷ǸϤӰϲ
µø
ֵǸʲôǡһģ
κħγʣһףһӰס˽ȺӵһУ
㣬һ£ҧۣ֪һɣѱķâնˡڵߣնɰӵҲǣҲǣͽ໴ʳʬѣֻڶѨһǣһתתޱȥ˼׷ͷȴ⣬Īκǰǵİɣ˰ץİɣ
ʾ䣬ȫȻκϲκһůͷѼһ˿ͷ㣬ңжֲǲ֪ôǮˡ
˼׷ͷš֪ˣ֪ǰĺ

κ۵ԡԷжˣ⸽𣿡
ǰ˦ŵԷкöˣ϶úڵݣͲˣҪһŶŶŶкܶʬһֱڽУ
ܳȻʣǵսʣ˼׷úá
˼˵˼׷ܱ򶨣ǣúá˼׷æվöֱûü¶Цݣκ۾صǰã˼׷
˼׷һǺǡǡһʱ嶯
Ȼκ۾߽عͷֻֽŷվ
κǰ˼׷վǰ棬صӡ
κ۴˳Ǹʲôأһһ޺Ƶġ
ɫǹ죬ȭͷֽɣƺ˵ʲôֿ˿ڣֻĿⶢκ۵ĸǸͱһĵطǴʧɫ㣡òǻͱһɣ
ɫһ˼׷æǣ
κǣ˼׷СѵĲӶȦһѣˣϽȥɡ
˼׷ǣ
껹һŲҶǵ߰ǻ𣿡
һ깣ŲӵôʬҪǳȥ𣡡
ӣҳȥǸߡ
κףʱһһع˳ȥ˼׷Ѿ⿪ˣЭɱȥˣǲߣһ뿪ʬȺӿ룬ɽĵΣ׽
˵꣬ǣ˺ͼСȸȥһȺ
һ˵˼׷ֵңȥһˡ
ǵǸչֽǮСӡ˻棬ƺǰŷϵĶӡ½½ˣϴǵסʣµԭԥԥһκۺڶǿĸǿǷֻҲӲͷƤƹȥˡģȻǽ衣
һȺ쵽ʱͻȻһӰ˦˽ڶҳһοӡ
ʯ䣬ǰСľ
κ۵ô£
ǿû¡
ӿԵվĬĬѶϵֱ۴ֱؽ˻ȥκ۶һֻһ괹ڷħǰϵת⡣Ǳһӳġ
Ρ
ѹûκη˼
˾ˣ
ص裬
ĺ֮л߳εڼʿԽԽ࣬һǧ֮ڣѹѹһƬħΧסЩʿΣԡѪһƣɫȺ׷׳ħе磡ӵȺ֮С
ҿԥû¶ġ裬ĥʲô𣡡
վȺ֮ǰģ˲٣ޱ߾ƻס
常
ȴûվصȥ
ײˣɺļᶨشʧҡҡͷûٿͼȰ롣
һƮƮվ˳Ŀ⣬㾿ôˣ㡭òˣǰƲˮݵġ澿ʲôƻ㣬վǵĶ棿
ûӵòشֻźصˣΪʿ
κ۵ˡ
ȻҪ
汳ǰҹ٣ҲվȺ֮ǰȻջ˲֪ĵʬץˣҵҲôٸ³Ѩ
κ۵ҷǾЩӵܰôǲмңҪָأ
˷Цֹ׽κ֪ͽ棬Ҳһʱ΢΢һӣ̣ƺЩףλﰡλ˵ʢ£߾ôû
Цߣǰڽ̨ʿɱˣ߾ڻȫΣֺα֪ʣ
ˡκһ͵ϮiʱɱӢˣһʱûסۡЦü΢Цʲô
κ۵ûʲôֻǾ𾭳˶ѡ
ʱȻиССҾã治ѽϴǣǡҲǵġ
˳ȥ˵ŷ档Ȼ̳˶ӣСӲҪ˵֪ʲô֪ʲô𣡡
ջĿ⣬κ۴ݵˡ
һʼף˵ʲôšϵģԱǿӣϵģԱŤ
ԭȵ˵ǺзǺϵһ֮ҲΪʸ֮ˡΪߺôһسӦûһ˭֪سͽûе
һΧˣϣνϡϣiϡǰпޡϼδָֻֽӣʵǲɣλãȺ֮УԾġʲô֪ʲôɡҾոġ
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ǡ
κ΢΢ףվԣԥ֮ɫ֮
ǣΣһˡ
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κ۳ʵشǵá
ʿЦ㲻ǵãȼǵã
һƿ°ڣ¶һľƼ֫ȣǱ㵱ڲҹһ˵ġ㿴Ϊ֪Χ棬ҲΪһֻأӦˬ
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ҡҡͷκʣɱ㸸ĸȫң
ҡͷκʲô
˵Ҹ㲢ûгսֻΪףð֮踡˵ö֮ߣʲôֶΣ۴ӷĹٴΣǶȥΪģֻΪһ塯֣
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ÿһŷڵѪÿһ仰Դǣÿһ˶Ȼߣɡ
ÿ˶˿ɣǴ˿Ϊһٵ׳٣һΰ١
һ˳̵ģ塱ڡа񡱵ַ    

69 ʮ

     
＾ٷɽΧԳ
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ٷɽǰһƬĹ㳡㳡ܰεضʮ߸ߵĹ̨ͷܶ˷ܵ˽֮ӣȻߡ̨̨ĴʿҾ죬ŮǻǣȣǰŵŮǾ棬ʮֵظ·Գ
Ȼϵʱֱάֲȥˡ
ҹ֮У׷ʵȻӵܱϰļ֮һڴ¡سϣϳǵһǵܴһֺƣɷۡ˵ˣͼء͡ÿسƥѩ׿ϣŹϵ󻺻ǰС˽彣¹ĨɣȻɣ̤ѩѥһȾֻǱ˵滹ɾ˫һϾ񣬱ѩܡһǳ·ƢڶŮ޷׷Ϊ֮㵹һЩֻǷӣ̬ЩѾ嵽̨Ե׼õĻ䳯Ǳȥʱһꡣ˿ŮԻĽ֮⣬ϰףϵӵ츳ˣòǲףԴѼֲ֣سǴʮ꿪ʼϰΪ̩Ȼ̨Ǳ΢΢ʾ񣬲ͣǰС
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ȥֻδеνǱߣΪ׵Ľβͷ죬һһƥĿϣ첲ͷµһԣȵŮ̸Ц
سǰôˣ
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κתȵصʲôʲô£
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κ̷ϣҡ
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κ۵ôԩˣˣ
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Юһ·׷绨껺Զο˿̨ϻӳһƬɫκ۵ӣʲô
κ۵ÿ䲻а
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κۿҲҪ𣿵ϻкܶ࣬Ҽ㣿˵ε
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iߣվʱ˼ѹȸУϸһָȫƣ̨ϵʱСࡣҰӳʱⲻҪһͷһĻ꣬ߵiǸ⡣˵д˪ʤѩiд𣬷·ʱŭڵ˲ǡˣؿĹѾ߬˺Ļ䣬ȴôҲȥ־һ̨ݳ٣iԵɣǴÿޱȣ廷ֽҡէһѹӣȻ˭֪ǰѵʲôγĻᣬҲֻڰٷɽ俴羰ѡ
֮󣬱νˡ
κ뽭βǳɲһͷĻ꣬ҵýɫڣκȴԡУΪ⣬ߵ̨ϻ˻̨֡õλϽ˵ģԵıǽ롣ǰһֱǣ֣ɫ˵ƽضһ̲۵ݣü˳ĿʱܵкȴȻӣԽ˵䣬ߵ̨ߣ仨
һ»κۺͽһ˲仹Щվȣŷģɽס΢΢һЦɫĻĿڣżǰСܲŮӶԽ뱨޵Ŀ⣬ͷֻؽȥˡڴʱһŰ׵׽Ƶʿڸͷϳ˳ΪǰһüĿʣףȻǼơ
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κһЦǷֻȸƵġ
ε㣬㻹ڹ̨
κ۵ģֻҪְʦŪޣͲӦô
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κ۵ҿǽɡ϶취ʦǸйߥ޵һȥġ
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κ۴΢תתһסͷѫ·ͷϸˣһߣ϶ζֵǿѣЩʵĶۣбΧԶۣٷɽϼ£ʤ
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µʿϽǰͳ壬Ҫȳ룬ռȻѸٽƷߵһ򾡡ƼԼѵأΪ⣬κۺͽϣЦκӣôǻɽ𣿵ѫﶼ˰
κ۵ߡ
˽һ˼ߡʲô˼ȴκ۷Խεߡ
εŵ㣬ˡ
κ۰ڰ֣һν˳۳Ҷȥ
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κ۶ãڰٷɽɽҵһʺϢĵط
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κۻδţȡĵӡԭһǰеļսȻһ±˿ȥɽ֮УȻѸΪԲڳһƬյء
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ãȻ˵ʲô
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ɫҰͫ׻ɢǵѪ˰ɫؿȫûȴܿ߹ѱ˰ߡκ˿״˻ǻģԲģȥץ
ץ˰Σ۵һ޳ˡ
Щ־£ܵüȴˣܵܵһ涼ûм
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ΨһĵܵܽӲʬǰֵĸ߰Ƭײ
յĴ̼̫ڳŲס˹ȥκվһﲻؽסԼؿڡۣƬ֮˭ɱġ
䲻ȣƺûжŭ˼ʲôΪ׵ĶңӲκӣ⻰ɱ˵û˸ɱˣԼɻСģɽڹˤġ
κ۵û˸ɱˣģ
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κ΢΢һЦŶס
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ڶȻڿʼ²к֮⡣κάЦݲ䣬ʵ˭ɱģԼվȻҾֻɱҲŹˡȫɱ⣬ܸû©֮㡣
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ԽԽˮ˳κ۵ղס»䡣
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73 ʮ 2

     
ҹһȻϯ
ʱ̨ϵССʮλϯϯǽƣ⣬ѫֻнԡǰiΡسȼʿһɫȻǴһȵļʿٴУʱ˽һ䡰Ҿ֪ġҿôճ
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һᵽɽϵıУ˱Ⱥ鼤ܣӿƱ״죬ɫæλ԰ꡣҪ֮£ص㲻ڴˡ˵ü˱ĹƬתעŽϢƳûԭļ£Ҳò֣µ񣬹κӤҲòһˡ
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һ䣬ɫʮѿҡҡͷټһôĳϣ涼˦ɫ˵߾ߡ챳͸ˣҸѽֻ˵ڳȫ׶ˡ
Ȼһ䵭ûС
Ʊŵ𾢣һ㶣һѭȥ
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һ֮ԱǣǼûЩ»֪أûۿ
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Ƶû취𣿡ǺЦ֣ƫ
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⣬ĳͶˡЩ˺Щ£ܹϢ
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ЦҲ࣬཭ˡ÷鰡
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ԣسЦ֪iŸҪúˣΪΣæתƻ⣬磬أҿղǰ볡ˡ
سʾǰiתȥֻѩ˵Ļ֮Уͷ˳ŮվšŮӻӯӯģ£˵
΢΢ףһ
һ֮УׯϡŮһׯص񣬴ǼûмƵɴ£ƮȻ˽̨
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Цеصѽ
պ󣬽δʮȥꡣ
ɽţƵǽ֮ǰεپʬǰ޶ԣɽǿýˣǾͷĵɽµȺֻϸڣںѹѹдУ˳һ·ǰŴ
ɽ֮мԲԲ׮һģӣСģӡһŮӺκ׮ϣȥʵͽĺԱߵһƬϿط
κ۶ȵɡ
Ůӿص֣ܲܲź򡣡
κ۵ܲѳԡ
κһκۺŻͷԾκվ𣬹û˵һ仰ּɽȥҲʣһߡ
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κ۵ӡ
εӣǸղʱǼڷڸʲôĴֵء
κ۵㲻Ƕ𣿾ֵذ
εһʬɽֵأֳĶܳ𣿡
κ۵ңĶ˵ʱʲôԵȥ
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Ǹѩɰĺӣϧ˺ްģκ۵Сÿ
κһ⺢ӱԼֱϣʲôÿ᲻ôʡԷô˾ͱȣȥҪ;ҧָף֪ʲôÿҲҵأ
һ׷ϡ̫̫һֻľŤŤ˹ΣҲϳǸЩµӣ͵ӰԽˡκ۰ǸаԷĺӷŵȱߣȥԱɡ
̫̫æһһȳǣС뿪Сߵõײײ߻ڱ߻ͷμЩǻΪȺʲô浳ռɽΪԭһ棬档
κԳЦЦֵأ
κ۵ôͻȻҪ
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κ۵һסĵطӵ㶫ôˡ
ǰߣ·Ƿ䣬ϵӵϵģŵ˺Ƭģ·˷һԽԽңýһϢҪǸôϹ㣬һѻжոɾ
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˵ƣκۿһۣǰȷǱȽһˣΪˣĵףԹޣŭ־壬꣬ʹ࣬Щѹ̫࣬ȫû󡣾͸ƽʱƢԽõ˷ԽһԽˣԽ׺
ε㲻һ˵ԽԽãԹԽأԽɱԽǿ
κ۵Ҳʬ
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κ۵뻽ǡ
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κ۵㶼˵ˣҲû˻ΪΣʲô취
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ս󣬽ζƣκӼ壬ڼҹȻΪУνѽӴ˶ޡ۴кζһν޹أ                        


74 ʮ

     
һܴ֮׺ĺ˱֣˸ڻǶǺˡȻͱиκȴΪ⣬ѳضµʹȥ˼ֻ飬˼ȥ
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С̫Σκᳵ·̯ǰȥͻȻһŭصѿˣ
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Էսսȿ壬ٿžƵȻһ˿죬󣬲һ˫ɫ˪ӡ
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͵̧ͷཻ֪ʲôκ۱һ¡һԷһӿᳯ¹ҵϡ·µ˭أ˭ǵ
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Էעȥӣÿ
κֵ㲻㣿
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ԷΪҪԼ򣬺ߵص롣
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ſֱۣɫ΢죬ۣҡҪ㿴
κ۵ۿˡ
ڽղܵ˴ϲģˡԣκͽصĸϵԺӣһ˿죬ʲôӡ
Σκ۲Ц֪˵ˡ
ε˭˵ģ
κ۵ҡ
벻˼صֻһˣ
κм״ҿɲ뿴ʲôɡ
ŽȦ޵ÿ
ε㣬˵˰ɡĺÿ
һ֪֮ص˵ûá˵ģܵ档
εֲңֲǲǷҪǸ˭˵ÿŰ
ԣˣ쵽˰װ׵Ķ֬ķɫҲǲסæתƻۡȡ֡
κ۵ȡʲô֣
εһû֡
ûɣҪδȡˡκȴ죬Ҳ͵áһֱġнɡ
ð
ȴãҵϺνϵĺˣΪʲôҪ
κ۵Ҳûʲôðǻоӣоӡ֡εǰɲô˵ġκ۵ȡȡʲôæ֪ξӵȡ黹ҵءҪˣҸǴһȡ
ȥùӣκۺͽζһָۡһһֻ룬ֽȥó˵ֻС룬ߵ⣬˼ֻСˡ㡣
ԭͷվţ״ֽܳˣҵķݣ
βôģ
Ҵô࣬зݡ
ګګصлллл
ֻʢС룬˼˵ллǣԲˡҲ˷ѡǲԶġȴע⵽Ϊѣ˼䣬վˡκۺͽվԺξ˾룬档
ţκӭչΪĳ죬Ӷǡа桱ǰ˸貵Ĵ֣죡
һڣεϴεô
κ۵ˡ
εš˶٣ֵõģ
κ۵죬Ҹ˵ģڣڻ¡軹ͱ
γһźֱ۵ġ죬ֱ۵һ¡
κۺٺȻݵô񣿷֣д֡˽һ죬ҲӶࡣ
ĿİͰ͵Ĵ𻰡Ĭһ󣬽εˣûʲô㡣
κ۵ʱûСȺ˶ɽɽҲңֻҪҲǷǾˡ
ЦκۣŲţ㲻ǷǣǷҲ㡣Ҫһ޲ߣҪһˣֺֹǧַӡ
κͷһʮᡣǧַӣ˭Ū˭
εصͲκһһҪ֪˵ĲǶԵġ
һȸʣµվ硣˲𡣲档
κ³һͷûꡣ
ٱ֮ʣεҪˡ˿ˡ
κ۵˵ͷףҽܴסǱ˿ˣ֮ǰ˿Ϸȫ׷ˡߡ
ӣκǰĬĬβ󡣺Ȼκۻͷ㻹ʲô
ȥҺȲˣǿԸ˺ȡ
κ۵ɡ˺ñˡ
عͷ֪кܳһʱǰϤЩˡ
ǡڲҲҪȥϤ

76 ҹʮ

     
鱦ڡ
ĿµĶ౦֮䣬Ʒʱʿѡϸ¶ԱȣǼ۸пյģ̸䡣
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һ˵ת⣬ϸ֪ɹλ˭ȥˣȥˣվһȻĺԭһģһʵװ
ǰװôһɸɾһʱؽġ
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κ۵˵ģʱңǵðҵһ
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κȴŲҪ͵һСѣ鱦Щ˺ÿǶЩʲô
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κŴȡһֻСľУǰ˻Σ΢΢һЦӹһѿڵ壡
ָξ˵䴿ɫľŰڼ˵ǵǷ켫̾ģССһֻ̺ǿ
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κ۵ֻҪֶһö壬Ʒ΢ħֶ㲻˹ҲлǺ
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ͷ˼ص֮ǰ˵ʱһΪһթأȴԭˣԲסʵҲǸˡ
ʱ֣;
ڸĽ֮ѸڽʲôκҲ֪ҲǼǲס˴ʱǳ֮Ϊʱ޷쳣Ȼߵɽ֮ʱκԽԽòԾ
˲Ӧô١
κ۵𣿡
ۣƬ֮ͫʣûСþ
κ۵е̫ˡ
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κо裬ߣ
ոյתͻȻ̧֣סһ
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κ͵̧ͷֻɽԡɽ֮ϣ˷ˡԼţŽѩۣҲɫģ汦澯裬ȫװɽΪڻͼ⣬׼֧κ۵Ϊһġһθߴ󣬷ɫ΢ڣݿʣ졣
κ۵˭
һԭлҪ˵ģôһʣʲôҲˣŭȻ˭ǡѫ
κˣǽ֣Ρ
һֱ³ԭгӯĶҪμӽϲãʱ˿̣ϲ֮ɢһӰԸϸ룬Ը²ЩΪʲô
ѫκۣҾ㣬̽µĶ䣬ҿԵʲôû׷ƽϡ
κһʹ֪ᱻǵҲѿڵʲô䣿
Ȼѫ֪ʣ㻹װ⣿
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ѫǧٿף
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һʼû֪ģΪֻԼëױֲ˶ѡȻãЩС׾ͻ֥СԽ棬ӶԽԽԽԽֱ࣬ȫССĺڶ·һɸӣƤ˴֮ͻῪʼӣʹ̣ã
ѫȻŻԽ䣬κһʱЩͬ顣Ȼͬ飬ɾýѫֱԣǧٿףʲô˼ʲô£
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κĵǿɶȥˣѲɽѫΪԼԵܺã
ֱ׵˵ŭѫ̬ѫҲİϷҪɱ˭Ҿͻ˶֪ϵġңҪѿһǧ
ѫ㲻Ǻܿ𣿸ˣ
κ۵ģΪʲôҪϣ
ѫĿ¶׹⣬Ȼ㲻ϻͷǰҲˣ
κ۶סŲŶ
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⿪ǧٿ׵ķ֡ʩУг䣬һ׵Ľ취
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ٶﲻҹԳϵĺ֣ûһʬֲܷԼͬŵ׷顣ѫҲͷƤ飬һֱۣż
籩꣡
ͽһɽʯ֮߸߾𣬾ס֮һٶʿԾɽڣɽȵеɱκۺ˼һܣܹһ˽͵Ϯ
ѫѳӦһٶʱϮ˹κû彣ֻһʱõĵӣЦĴۣûн࣬㻹η
κ˦ֱһȼķ䣬ýѫһѫЦһæרӦڽһκ۵кȻ˦һĿһĽвá
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κ۳һһѶ
ѫ˾СľУǸ
ǰԶһ٣ɱûڵءѫ㲻ΪԼܲμӰɣ
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ʱһȵס֣
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κۼһʱһĽ֮ɼҺȴų˲٣˵»תأǶ֡
ѫŭ꣬µʲôתģûЩ𣿣
ƺ¶һƬӶţæأ˵ˣ
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֪Ҳˣϵǧٿδµģα˼꣡κ۱ϾμӰģ£ںεأҷںεأ
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ȵסڣ
ѫߣһֻװСľУ̼㱻÷飡
κۿ֮ﻯΪ촷ۣͫ׼Сһƴѫ֪Ǻװʲôסһƣȵκۣ㹻ûУ
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κɳΪβס֣
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ɱˣɱˣκùѽɱˣ
ѫżŸʲôż
ȻһͷһɫӰȰرƽǰһһֱ԰׵ֶס

κãȻվԭأһ
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Ψһģֻͷһʵ
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ãȻص˭ҡڸô찡                        


77 ҹʮ 2

     
ǰֻô졣ȴʱˣԼô졣ңûܸش
Ȼκ۲һ΢΢һʹƺһϸһ£һ顣㱣ʧ˾裬о󣬺һ֪ѾᵽʯϡȿʼֱܾۣɺܿģֱҲˤ˴ϣȫˡ
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κϢǱһطѡ̨ϺǰȻûеذء죬δ֮
һһڽ̨ĵȺεţ˾Ͷ㣬˾ߡҲ֪ԼʲôôңǣһӤĿʱĽŲһиʹԴ֮ȥ
Ǵһ޹Ĵдġ
κϢǱǰӵž»Ƶľ϶ȥ
һߺڳĹľľ֮ǰŮӡ
ǸŮӰϴСӰ˱Ρ
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һֻϣ㶶ǰǾߺڵ÷ĹľӤͱڷϸϸĿ
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Σ˻վȥǲеġȥŪԵ
ӦҲܾˣȽŷ飬վ΢΢һΣȴסˡתȻЩӲŮݡ
κۼеĽˣУ財òüãʮᣬ˵ǶʮҲšʱ˿̣κۿģȴһһɣȾ˪ͨŮˡûױݣɫҰܣ촽һƤ
߹Ŷκ㣬ոȵĶ˱˳ֹţĿȻһһ沿⣬ƺϵı顣
ǣû꣬ۿȺˡ
ڽǰʼղ¶ֺ̬֮ȻһǱ˶
κ۵ڶһŮϣѿģ
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κսȭ˭ָ֪ǡ÷һ졣̳üȵ˭
һ̧ͷͿǱڶԵκۡ񼫺ã˲ںڰ֮еݣϺһŤȵˣˣκӤˣǱ̨ˣ
κԾ³ȣȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˱ɵĶӡ
ʱȥһ顢Լ˵һ仰
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κԭЩ˵ģ߹ȥʱȻȺд͵͵ġ֡ʱפ㣬ϸ
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κ۽̳Ĺ˾ҧ
κӤҲǡƲסͲҪϹ蹷Ҳ˩ãһⷴɡҿһ첻Զˡ
κ۾ţָںϼⶼ΢΢鴤
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ϲŵùأɱʮ붼ǼҵģֻƽϢ¶˵ġ
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ֻǣеĺԽǳǣͷһѿŭҵ𣬾յԽ
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κۣȻĳˣ
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һضᡢõȺУκ۲شţ߱ߵףôڱ̸ңǺŵôǰͶصһˣ
ߵղ̶ԣ͵һŲЦ˵ô˵ˣʿ㾿Ҫô
˱ߵñǹǶѣѪ쭣ҽвֹʿڳǽϷæֲǰԶԶظպκκӤб£ôȥʦЩǣ۸Щûл֮ĵͽʿʲô£
κһڴʿһֻ͵קһѣӳǽϷˤ˫ȣҺ
Уκ治ɫصͽʿΪǵͽʿҾͱҪ𣿼Ȼ˵ҪҳеȻ֪Լ΢ϵ飬ôܺԼ죡
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˵һţŵ𾢵˵Ŀ˰ߣ
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ҹǣʦ᣿

78 ҹʮ 3

     
ȺԭΪԼһ֣֮ȻΪݵʬ⣬״˭֪κ۲ûȤǶʾ֮󣬰Ⱥڵϣ㸺뿪ˡ
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֪˶ãȻһɫӹ˶ٸбһᡣ˾ܶˣ
ǿֻǵɫɻأһС
ǸΪĿӣĨ࣬üĿƺһѹֵɫ죬ȴֺԼ̬Ҳδɡ
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ߵߣ˰ȣ̽ƣʮأδ˵ʿֵóˣκ۸ߣ
˶֪⼸չϵĺڵ׷κ۵䣬Ҫˣֻʮװ˵æǰ˲ʱ
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ʿæֵŻˣҪȥҹǣȥʦĴˣ
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ҹߴǰһޱȵĹ㳡ǰ֧ڹ㳡ǰˣ֧Ѿ۶ˣʣµһ֧ҵһ汻˺ãͿѪ졣
ҹ㳡˴ССķÿļƽ춼ҹƮǰһʱļ̨ļվԼҷ֮ǰɽΪÿһơӹյλ֮߸߾ڵ档
Ȼʺ壬ֺաⱭƣȥʿǡ
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˵꣬תгѡɫΪƬɫĻĩ׷ҹ֮С
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ֻļ΢΢һһ̣һֻѥӺһƬɫ½Ǳϴε
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˿˵Ȼκ۵֣ΪʲôҳڴˣЩ˼ǧô˵֮˵ǧǧҲҳǵ⣿ʡ컹ҪصȥҴҡ
Ҳɥڷ֣֮iصš
κ۵һֱţԼԼʹô˵ֻҪϽȥ̨±ҹ˭ղſڿ˵ҪҺµҵ˭
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κ۵ôʽɱص˭ɱ˭ı˭м˭ףҵģ˭
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ŶκҪɱңԲù˼֣ҵùԱͱҪ˼ɲǸܵһͷˣ֮ܶΧҿԣҷͲУԲԣ
Ҧһٶ˺ͽ̨ϵʮ޹ģ㷴ΪҪǣ
κ۵ϵʮ¼ʿҲ޹İΪҪǣ
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κ۵㾿ʲô֤ݣ֤µģ
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־ŭңôһҪǷǺΪǲ֪ͽѫһǰͽԹ
κɭȻ˭԰ɱһǰɱˣòڡȻֽɫҪһ꣬ˡ
Ҧˣκ۰κۣҽǳʶˣǴδĶͽɱ֮󣬻ҪԴ裬ĪǾûа֮ͬġ֮飿
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ЦüˣĽң˵ĽңΪĽҵʱû㣿һ˺ҡź
κ۽ЦᣬĽδҲ̫ˡ˵ӴƲܺãƲֻ򲻹죬κӰĽ񣬶΢˼ó
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ͷһһֻؿڣͷ߹֮С
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κۿóֻԭֱĿ֮ġֻ˼ղڰ˥䣬ƫಿλ߹֮С
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һ˵ϣ磡磡
Ǹķ˲ףָκ۵㡭㡭úݶ
κŵ˿ڴ˰ʱֹסѪĮȻʲôкݶȻ͵Ϯһ͸ϵһûлʲô³Ȼаħˣָܲҿزƽϡ
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ϱΪֱܳϮȥҪն֧ħĹѡκһЦúúãҾ֪һҪ浶ʵǹɱһҲ˳ۣ
仰Ķ˶٣κӤ
һȻǺȳģǣκһѵڲȻκ۴˿ѾʧȥжˡȻǷ񣬰ǲ壬һжⶼ޷Ŵֻ˶Ҳˡ˭£˭һҲˡ
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κ۽ģ߸߾


79 ĵʮ

     
Ѫϴҹ죬˵κһ֮ɱҹʦڳǧʿѪһս
Ҳд˵ǧ˵ġǧǧһ㲻䣬Ǿһҹǵķ棬κ۱һѪͿ
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ڼԪˣڽӽµⶨƻ֮ĴҲųɹΧħڣѡɱ֣ʣµɥĲ档
κۿŷħǰЩʿǵ飬ʦҪҵЩʿһޡеľҴˣеЩʿĺˣģǺЩ˻ͬġ֮ʿ
ԱնȡòľƼ֫ʿΪǧ˵Ѫծ壡
κ۴ǧˣҹǵȷʵǧʿڳĻм죬иҵľӢʿЩڣѵܰǧ˶ɱɾ㾿̫ң̫ǡ
ֻƽسһʵʿȴܵ裬ŭΪڸʲôѪծּۻۣ
κ۵ҲҪּۻۣҲƾһҵҲӲ
һ˵ģʲôģ
κ۵ʬͲģ˽̨ɱҲұƵģһ·ɱɽЩʬʬͬҿƵġ
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⻰˵ȻеΪ˵ģ˷ҽȥˣԥżʬ˺ûǿ֧һɣȴǵȲˡ˽֪С츳ֲ˻ϽúͻƵæǱȫûˣۿʬȺԽԽ࣬ͷæǵ׽ǲȽˣ˼ߣҶ
δ䣬ɣɴϵһ˷ħǼɥ֮Ȯ̻©֮㡣˵ʱ̹ʾĿɿڴʱŷҲеɱˣңȥǸողŴǶûʲôģ
༸ҲǰߵҲȷʵһ󣡡
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ˣϣϣϣνĴҶˡǴͷʣµ˶̾ٸ翹һʲôˮޡħ֣ǰͷҲĸ߸ӿţæӵ롣ֻһ˻ûκ۵ף㲻ȥ𣿺ܺãɡҲǶû棬ɼΡ
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κ۵٣źһ𻺻ССոһʿǿһһ˫˫̨ףһǧ
˭ûϵȻô³ΧģȴΧһҪܹӲдһ̡ʲ˵ϵ󷨣վȺ֮ǰס˵ȥ·ͦأͲſ˫סˣһκ۸ƻ󷨾ƴͬھļơ
常
ʧ֮δһʱǲ뿴С̵ĵֻκۣص㾿Ρ
κ̨ΡȻˣġ
Ϊȵ㣬ûʲôĵģ
κ۵ôûʲôĵģҾͲţѵ֪ԼôͻȻʧȥģģκĳûô£֪˶ˡ
Ϊһɣ԰Ҿ˵ĺе
˶ŭĿӡ
κֵҲǹΧ֮ǰһûüȾԶٷӦòʲô
˼׷һǶҴδʲôͻȻɢģֶҩһͱʿؽ󹺡÷зȷѪˡ
˴ʿвҽʦץ̽һǼ˵׷ʵΣΣɢʱĻõģ
˲˵עϾȥκˡϾɢҲزǾ͵ڷһǱ¸ʹĺҽʦһλĵԪδ𣬲صģʱġ
˵ʱģŰ˿ӹݸѪˣֵʱʱǶãʲôʱָܻ
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˷׷̧ͷȥΧˮйͨʬȺĿĻ١ֱضͷ򶯡ӿķħڲ뿪벽Ħǻ䶯·ʱ֮Ũ˱ǡ
ʱָܻꡢʱõĲ󷨣֪֧ܲʱ
ң˿̾ͺǴͬһռ䣬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôû֣Ҳè׽һҪˡŹ˭ұ֤κ۲ͻȻ
ǵĿ¾۵κϡκ۵˵ǲؿҡħ֮УдֻˡңһȺǰץɽСһ޸֮ݣΪɡʲôȺСܵס𣿡
ߵϻ˵Ҫɱɱڳ˭һ㲻ӢۺúҲָ˶ҡβ
ôһ˵вﶼֹǧκгԼĪֻжʮ£ȫΧ˱㲻˼ģ˵ֻ·ˣڵһͬǰַЩ˾Ŵͷ沨ѣɱһκ۵߹ʬ˵ȥҲһҪǸۣǱûԸ˻ˮˡ
κۿ˿˼һ䣬˭
ͷ΢͹ҪڣǴȻأǶȻأ
κ棬ȻܲͻȻʧȥܵи;ڵ֮ǰ;бȻӴĳһ߶ĳ¡ȺСǼ֮ǰץģʱ䣬Һͺǲͬһɽ˵·ûԸһ룬ǵ׶ɹʲô
ѻȸУһãȻǸʲôڵʱǲǶˮ벻֪
˭ʱ򻹲ʶȤػӦκۣøʲôʲôʲôʲôҲֻλһ֪ɣˡ̲סɽ;иû˺ˮ˭Һʬɽϵˮ
ɣҲµǶɽ
ɭʲôŹ֣Ҳ˵ͨ˸ͣпܣɽûܡɽŨǶɽˣҲڣ
ƺʵȥˣ˰ɣλˣǣűߣȤô
Ȼɫһ䣬Ȼֹκ۵˵ô˵ȥˣ
ϵ׷վô£
˦ҪֱָۣκۣȻֱֱָŭκֶۣʲô
˼׷ⲻǡǡ
һԶָѹ֮ϣסҵսȺȺ鼤ܵ˲·һȺסӵѼӣȻֹ롣
ڳжĬĬǹϵĽ                        



80 ĵʮ 2

     
ķħ°תͷκ۵
ŭ죬촽ȴճǸ𡣱ܿڹκ۵Ľڸͷٵ衣ָԼĺͼ⿪䣬޼£ֻʡ֪ȻȻһۡǿԽ⿪ģֻҪҳ⿪Ľ䣬𾴣һٶʩйĲٲ죬ʱʲ˼
ˣֻҪͼκͻĿڣһʱвʿʱվκۣ治氡ðԵʱ㲻˿˵
κ۵֡
˼׷κǰʲô֣
κ۵λӸղһֱ֮֡ǰʬȺΧʱʧ˲ҪϽһȥֶҵ첻ʡҲͣͼŭңǶһ̡ʲôѵ𣿡
κôһᣬ˶΢ɣλĻƺȷʵ̫Щûб̬Ҳ̬Զѡ˳Ĭһʼ˼ɽ֮ǰ;еʲôκۿϵϵվüԶҺ߸мڷһĿǰߡԽԽʲôطŤһ£Ϻ϶ޣҹ궼ڽһòԶһԹϵӦûΪʲôоҹϵܲ
˼׷Ǽ˹һϵȻ
ϣǴӹϷȥһ֧
κ۵ʲô
˼׷סǵ죬κǰ֪ϣһλϺŻڲܰڼҵӰӣҵؼ͹ϲ࣬ɣƵһƷǺͺµҹ١
κۻͷһɫ棬ʮ˼׷ߺߵصĻںͷأ֪ҪСѧһɻ˵ѧǼҺȻҪôˣԽ˵Խ˼׷εǣ
Ѿһɫ࣬۶ŭ³һѪǿƳ˽һ죬ɳƵʮ꣬һΪѵĹϣʿŵһԭ̵Լӵܵģ
ŷڴеǰǿɱԼ˺ЦԼˣǿϣκ۽һţʲôԼˣ
ô˵˿ɲˡʿһۣû˵һ곤ĸƷɫƣǹϵˣ˵Ҳ֪ԣ
վ˳ǹϣʲôݶ˵
ͶԹˣλǵǹյĽ̻壬ôҧһǻܶ˵
ħУ˿ʼ໥ŭӣųǱ˽еô࣬ѵŻδ̫Դˣ
˻ػԴ˭Ҳ֪˭ҵħô©ٳȻأ
˾һκۺȻɲͷѩ
ʳҲǷˮ
һκֵǶˣɽ֮󣬻һ£Ƕġ
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صˡɱʬ֮ʲôŹֵķĩҺǻڶû쵽쳣֮
ΪԼ׽ŷһ죬ץĸæѸղżͷĶȥáκ۵ȷʵǺɱʬйءⲻǳʬϣǳɱʬϡ
תʣǰһ⡣
ʿһĮȻʲô⣬㲻Ҫң
ȻظȴçҲѾΣôãɫѿĺܣκ۴Сͱ˦ɫ˦ɫ粻Ϊ⣬һִ常ûʲôģ°Цⲻµ̫飬Ҫ𣿲ȻҾˡտ
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κ۵ǴӹϷȥһ壬԰ɡ
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κ۵ȻȥˣϵľǴӹϡģ𡣡
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κ۵ϵؼ֮һаħ֮ЧҹΪ¸߳ԣٵҲġѧǼҲ࣬ûɡ

κ۵ϵļȻ߹ϣŻԼټȴεǷ켫̳Ҳʱ©ٳǲǣ
̹Ȼǡ
κۺһۣһ˵ʴԽԽ˶ǲڵؼ棬ڳ˿룬ԽԽ档κۻصҲ˵ɱʬʱϵս֮УһɲԾҲֲֻ֣Ǽªǲףȴ⾿ʧֵֻǹⵯģ𣿡
һʣͫһѹڽϵ͵𣬽Ȼ˰硣Ҳͬʱ̧۾κ۶˱˴Ȼ
һһˡ
ﭵذγ彣κָѽ沦΢Цʲôɱˣʧв𣿡
ŽҲǣҲǣһҧҷȥ뺬ɳӰʲô
κ۵ǲ˵̫ˣںɳӰһ˵ЩˡʧȥΪͬһ¡ʲô£ɱʬɱʬʱλϵһ·װħʵѾ֪ذսһִ۸ĳһλʹʱʧȥɡԡѪսϺһͬսȴ֡
Ѫˣ
κ۵ڳϵ޲ٰɣɽʱսǲд
ϵʸ񷢻ˣ
κֵ֪˶ĲмݲмаܺˣҲҪ󣬹һˣȻû취ýǧ˶ʧȥϵޣ࣡ڳֻйпԣȻǲмע㣬ע⵽ǵսҲֻΪѧղҲ̴ˣ
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κ۵ôûУħΪβаһǳ泭¼ĶǶ֮аɱУʱʧȥΪʲôܣǰϵĲ½УûⱾ飿
˶Цӣڹѧʱ˽ңԵüҲ֪һⱾδţ㣬⡶ǳϤֺͺ׽쳣ǱҸпܽӴⱾ飿
κЦ˭˵һҪܽңܳ粻ˣ۸׵ķӣҲ̸İɡ
֪λȨߣӣԣ˭ֻ֪
κ۵Ǵĺ⣬ץӵܣô˶벶ȸںԼ˲ӣӦϣһаһʬΧɽǧȫûҵĵ̣˵µ֣˭ǲǣҲײңκ۳³ɺһӿȺ鼤ܸûұ⣬˵ɱԴ󷢴ɱ䣬ʡǶˡ
ЦͳټҵɶֲҪȨưԣôǰʲôôҵҲˣȻﵽϣ
κ۵Ȼĵ˵㣬ôҲڵ˵֮ǰɽ;ʬħսٵһ飿
е޶ڵĺ֮ǰĲһ̾ͻᱻ
ħĵԽԽԶ֪ڳһƬյأǹм䡣κ۳ûϣãûϵ㲻翴ʲô
ӻȡŷƵֽţ˻ΣֻԼǵףΪ֮ǰڽ̨޹ǷƵ֮ͭŵŴǳ˺ĲҳѾҵˡֻҪøǰһһûзɣ̾ף
Цѡô֪ǲдף
κ۵ѵһ׼ʱóǲѣǰһ֪
ԭթκЦƶʽ˹ȥüͷһǰթ˵ȥֽ
ڴʱܳıɫϮȥ彣ʸ񵲣Ȼһ֮£źȻӦϵˣ
彣Сƽ˿ܳת棡

81 ĵʮ 3

     
κһӰֽ뻳ȻûɣȻϲϲͼı죬ΪҪԼûʧȥʵ
ֽȻʲôӽ̨ġǳҳڽʱдĽĹŹɡʱһݸسղ쿴κ˳ְϡŸպóƭˣǽꡣټϴǰﳰ̼棬Ȼĸꡣ󣬲κѣͻһԣ©˵ס
˷׷ܡʵҲأΪͺκ˵һƣأ治òȫӦԲܲ·硣̨ǰͷһǺɫɫһݣκĵҪ㣡Ҫƻողõˣ
Ȼҧ⣬һѪһ磬Ѫڸסĺɫۼ˲ȥڱܳâһͼػ󷨡ûһŷ䣬һˤһɫĻð
ͷ
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Ѫָڵ軭һҡҡͷѪѳ׸ƻԭӡˡκ۰ԼӲȥѪͻңûþͱˡ
󷨽ƣҡҡ׹ȺɫãȻ沢ûиԼǴӣҲûǱʧȥķӡҲ˵ԭļƻȺϵһҪȥġԹޣҪǱйһšȻħһƬ֣̿û˹˵ϱǡץסԼĶӣȺʬһ㻤סԼ취ӳȥҲҪţ֪𣿣
ˣһᣬȻĵҲеڴԼ˾Ҳ˵仰˰Ҳûʾ̲סʹ̫ڰĿת˻΢ɢȴü۾ôˣ
Ϊصûô
κ˺һ˸ɾӸ˿ڣͻȻһӰնָһһʯ֮죬ͽֵ³çĽ棬κ۶һô㣿
˱һ֮õڵϣΪ˫ĿѪ죬ֽκۣղ˵ģһֶţ
κ۵¶涼ˡ㻹ʲôţ
ΪһҲţֻҪ˵ģҶţ
޻ɱһ˵˫ۣϳԼ˵Ķ
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γûվ΢ΣҪǸҰϵŪԿ
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ԭ跽żͬ˶ȥˣҲ̲סˡýһϵ˻ȥڳȺ嵽˶Σյһ׷ļǿն˼ֻ·ǧһһŮʬһٽսȴһ˫ֽŮʬ˺÷飬ڡ
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һֻǰʬһնΪʱħʬѳɽѪΡ
ÿǽɿǵĺɫѪۣǻŨǺ˵ѪζһսѾ̱ڵأʬ죬ֻмЩ껹ǿ̽վ
۷ֱɫףҡҴûɱôʬһˣɱʮʮֻ
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κۺһƬǽ塣κΪǺ£ãһѱȾǳһĺں죬ȫֻǷĨɾܳУȶάת
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һĵɣȻս»û˵ʮ㣬һ׮ûشɣҪϲˣллأȺʬڱɱˣѲӹһ٣ڱӣ
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ȵͣʱϵģѾһ£Ȼһġ
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κۺվһ𣬶˼׷֡СΧҲȴΰ˻ȥ
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κһ˼׷ߣ

82 ĵʮ 4

     
תѪطȥ粽룬СǰѪȻõİӣûһֻʬˣԼĻ޶ãȫ˫ĿѪֱκһ˳ȥ
ʬȺǰ̣ĵѸٱµʬȥٿһΡħд붼룬ߣǼڱܳɨһʬɨʬ飬һӿϣ޺Ųҽ죬ҪƷħ񷶥ⲨʬȺʱ㽫κۺΧסʹԿѪءʬɽԽԽߣΧȦҲԽԽСС״ļ٣׷ְν˻Ǽ˻ӽɱʬ壬ܰæ𣿻õöĻܲæһæҲǺõİ
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Ѫɫ·ĴѿԽԽС·һ紵ʲôûˡ
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˼׷Ҫæ𣿡
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ǵôͷͻңһ˼
κۺ˹ǲҪҼ񰡣ûףҪʬġ
һŴͷ˼׷κǰйζлǡ
ȻȺдһлʲô
˼׷˻ͷȥˣǷγ
ֻվһŭصʲô
˼׷㯣ʲôʲô
κۺҲγʲô𣿣òᶼĿʼм˰ɣ
ħһƬţ˽ﶼ
˴ʱͷζʵǲܡ
ΧˣΧˡҡźҪҪԼ
治֪˵ǻǹ졢ΡĪֻⳡϷߡϴԼʵô档
κ˵мƺ̫񻰣ɱϾΪ֮ȣֱ˵ȫûим·Ҳʡ£õİ취ֻбֳĬˡ
ӦԼγӷŭˡһ̳̬£ʾԼڹˣͿһʹϵѪծ𣿣
κܹȰģ֣𼤶˰ɡ
˻һڣԼ˵ĲԣγȻ˫Ŀˡˣʲôˣɱ֮˵˾ˣ
ʵκɱҸĸʵΪʲôȴӢһ£ת۾ɹʲôҸĸʲô
Ⱥ֮УսȭȻͷһʹԭǽδϵָץ
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ǱߴһζЦ
ʱκ۳ˡ
㾿ô
γһκ۵㾿Ҫʲô޷Ҫ³Լͷ֮ްˡ
ָָȺлԵΪûһȣʬΣʧȥ˫ףͼɥ֮Ȯ˫׹ǻҶûһ
κֵǺǿеʮǰһΡڸղţΪңΪ˾ǣһΡǻҷ
ǾҪô
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Զᣡ
κ۵û˭ԭҡ£ǼǵãҲǵá㲻Ҹ
ֱֱһ󣬷γֻͷٸнҡ
ĵȷȷκ۵˾ȵģҪʹ˻Թֲġκ۱ƵΪգֻܴһת˷ħ
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⻰ʶˡÿ˶Ͳ̲ϳŽɻԼȥһŮ޵ʱӦòˣλָ˶٣

83 ĵʮ 5

     
ŷ׭Լ֮ܲȼ½½еķֽ˷ʣ׷״һɡ
һɡ
ָĺ
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ҽٺҲ˿̾Ʊáʮһ𣬼һͬѰһȫָ֮˳ٸԹң;ж֦ڣв⡣
κһ֪ġȫ֮Ȼνϵĵ̣ǽǴȥ룿
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κ۵ʲôʣܲһȥ
Ҧκۣ˵˼£һһ룬ҪύǾƲܵġ
κһģû˭ǺҽύͬһӪɡΧɱǵλģǶԸ𣿡
ڼȻκԲ٣ϼˣǼ˶溰ɱô꣬һҪδ
ʵ常ֳĿ£Ϣ
ĬƬ̣ʵûС
κ۵߾˵ڽһ˶һĲңҲúǽļƻɡǿֳ
ƣ֮ɫҪɡ
ʣµ̿򽭳ΡڳԺյλ֮Уʱ̬ˣɣ̬ûƨãھֻεˡͷתϵ磬ȻʱʱôϨˡεӳ÷Ϲ⣬Ī⡣˽֪λκ۷ĿĽҪ̸˭ֻ֪ЦһҲһ룿
ûͷûβһ֮ٲ˵ˡ˶ĪǴӦǷԣ˳ʱκ˶飬һۣ͵ȲӦҲˡ
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ʮӵǼͬһ洬ϡЩţûϾɣĴѻľͰɢζľ֨洬ҹ󣬴ҡΣδεһҲ̲סˣգһŻͷۻ̱ڼװϡ
һѽҵ裬εҶ﷭ģ˼׷֣Ҳ°㲻ǹֲǱˣôδµû
˼׷˰֣ҡҲ֪Ϊʲôʱˡ
˵ľַˣŴվ׼һ£ȻһӰſڴ·Ĵϣӽڽˮֱض
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˼׷ǹǹ
æӿװߣ˳˼׷ָķ򿴡Ȼڴ·ϿĺɫӰǹ
֮ʧˣ˭˿ȴϢذֻ洬Ҳ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
˵ϣǲսʱ˶࣬೤ڲ࣬ʱҹˮϣԵ޹ʳ֣ΣǱһ۵С۶ԵɰΣŷ˻ȥڼװϵôˣ
һֲֹþҴߵԭ˸ˣġ
ʲô
϶ҪȻͲϱˡ
ҲûΣˣΪʲôǡ
ۣ
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Ȼˮ˫ץŴӼװȥһʼȻɢСĻŵڼװȦܵ죬ҵˣ
ǵʲôúµģ֮ǰֲû
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ʪܵطϣڼװϣֻ洬ƺ¶һΣ޲öװһ࣬Ŀڿֲ˼νԡ˼׷˹ȥ˼׷쵽ǳԼģ˶㣬ʲô֣
˼׷΢΢һ㶣վö˶ǹӵܣԸ
Է
˼׷˵ͷ㡭֪֪˭ȡģ
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˼׷ҸĸҺСʱ͹ȥˡ
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ͷĬĬ˼׷顣˼׷ƺ־ùֵֹģĿڵҵô𣿡
Ŷ̧ͷʵ㣬㳤ã񣬺һλԶݡ
⻰¼ʿͱӵ׽˵ǡԽԽ֪ν˼׷Ҳ֪ôشֻõ桢𣿡
ģ
Ŭǵļ⣬뼷һЦݡ֪ΪΣš⸱ģ˼׷ͷȻӿһɴŨŨиУһģģͷƺʲôطһƺͿʲôϰˡֻҪѿںǸƺĶҲӿֳȻʡ
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ɫڣѿսʱʱֱϵҲʱʱ֡ǰ޺Ĺǽɱˡ
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һƣ˼׷ԭδŵ׷飬һƣײ˴ϣЩȥؽҹҺñһѣק˻һȺְ˽ȥ˼׷֣
û¶ɣ㻹ô
˼׷ɫףһʱżӣǰԷӡ
Ǵ𱸵ô˼׷ˣ
˼׷Ϊã㲻Ҳˣôˣ
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걻סȻһ˲ֹʲôѽԼȶ֡Ϊʲôˡ
ݺݵصǹңֵõܽң
κۺԭھϽһϣһ֮£κڴһٽԣô£
һˣ˼׷ʲôֵľҲӭжˣϲκǰ

84 ĵʮ 6

     
ֽһϱܳ䵽洬ϣκǻ˻Σסʵô£㲻˵
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ŵģǽ彣껪ѽĸΨһһ
ʱ˿̣ǰĽ裬·ֿ˵꽭ĵʱ޵ģô꣬еĶѾףٴЩкˡǶԣǼܳ¡ڴޣжί
һʱ֮䣬κ۾Щ޴롣ƺ͸֪ôˡʱһӽϴ裡
Ҵ󴬳ʰΧ֮ƣΧס洬ÿҴ϶ʿͷһλνϵĴС洬ҷм벻ɣųģǴϱߵĽΡʵģһ˾ˣ̺ĨһӣߣٿǱߣҧ˹ȥ䵽ߡץô£˭۸ˣ
ݺ۾˵̧ͷĿͶ洬۵ĺɨҪͣפκϣһǡǡסκ۵Ρһκۣ㵽Ҵȥʲô
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⻰һ곤ʿЩΡȻʵûֱӱ˵˼׷̵˵òҲ͡
΢΢ףŷ
㵽ŷƤһͻͻֱֻصûǴĻ˵ǸӰɡƱ硣
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ŷ治ҵҴǵ𣿡
ŷĨˣķͷ𣬸ҹԼפ꣬ýûȣɲΪƵƵΪκ۷μǺϡһκۺŽļشȥˡŷһֶԶӺȵ㣡ԽԽˣ㵽׹ٲҹȥץˣ
ŷеصҲȥϢɣûָأ϶ûģɱóȻѽ
ڴڻУǿ˵ͷԵǲֻܳ˴ŷָߴ࣬ڻ治ܷɹȥץ˦աɣһҴϹЦԣɢҲ½½ɢˡ״κ۳һϺȻȵƣ֮ɫռݣһ˹ȥ
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֮ǰϾݣʱȡκȥѪ顣ʱһѩ׵ͱȾúںһƬκ۲Լȴû
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ͷһһƬѩףһȻҪѩģŲ
ŷΪʲôκǰᵹѽ
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ҲЩ˼飬˵е澹ȻҲΪԸʬ۵ſ£ǶΪӦ㹴ָܽȴҡͷֻ˵֣ˡ
ˡв۵ģô¡
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Ը̵ġ
ĵʼΪʲô˵仰κǰΪʲôѣ
ŷ˫ָָָָǸʾһֱһ仰˵κǰôܵ˸һ𡭡
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ȻκüͷᵽһߡͷŤ˲ӡκ૽еտ
ΪҪˣϲ˭֪κ۵˫ۻǽյġɫ糣šڡ
κֲˣ·̤ܰʵģ߲˲䣬˯ˡ㶿ˣ֪ΪʲôȻˡ˼׷վͰ͵صȳȥһ¡
ǼĶӣ嵽װϣҹһǹɱûŵĸоɢһ˵զ¶ΪɶҪΪɶ
ŷҲ֪ô£ǺȻôܲʣ
˻ָŴУʲô
ҿҲģ
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߸ݲµ˰
ǳԤϣճǶ׵λáֻ˼׷˹ȥԱߺһ¡һֹô˼׷͹ӣ
ӣܲܽ㰢Է
ȻȻǸ죡
˼׷Ȼ԰
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˼׷Һܺá
ͷһܺá
˼׷ʱ𾴣Խе׽縸ҵٶ̵ġ
ʲôʱʼģ
룬˼׷Ҳǲˣʱɡ̫С鶼ûʲôˡСʱ򣬺ҲӦòܴңƺʱкü꣬ڱչء
Ȼ뵽չصʱ򣬵һΧҲڼ䷢ġ
ڣ̧ͷ˿Сǳȥʱϵţٵͷ˿ͷᵽһߵκۡκ۵ü·ܲذͷŤŤȥ״վ߹ȥľϣκߣļԼĻ
£κ۵ͷڲΣǰȥҵһʵ˯ˡͷעŻ˵ݣںڵĳɢȻκ۱ۣץס죬ָǡץסĨ
ץúܽסĨһˣǵûκ۵۽޲˲һ˹
ȵκ˫۵ʱȿǴͷľ塣վڴյһľǰľͷһ¡
κ۵ףղ𣿡
ƽصǡ
κֵĨأ

ˣκһͷô£Ȼ
ӳϷʵڲ˼˯ʱϲŶȻϲץԲס㡣
ĬȻƬ̣ӹݵĨ¡
κЦ̵Ҫˡղȷʵһ˲˯£ɻû˵ξεĳ̶ȡ˭ֻ֪һ£Ѹ׵ذκ۶˼˵㲻ԼվסˡҲ뱻ܱ˱ΪʲôҪվ
κһϲ⣬һźտǡ֪ҾͲˣҼţһ·ء
ʱִΡ
ĴǰͷϵƻͨӳյˮԡͷлһӾۼôССĴֻǰ߼̯ҹСʳϺˡ´䣬ȫװӿš˷½´νϵĿǰڡŷڴ˶ӣߵѵ߰קˡκۺ߳գ洬
ӣ㡣
κ֪ŵģҲͷ˼׷ɡ
ңȫûϵʮָˡ˼׷ЦǰλǰȥҪµģҽȥҲûʲôáǼġղ˵ĶˣκǰİСܲ
ȻСǰλǶǷκ۽ŵһüһ£ָܿȵ˱ӰʧĴ֮˼׷żСʵҼǵСʱ򣬺ҲҷӶʵЩطϻͦġ

85 ĵʮ 7

     
֮ǰκһƽɽ֮ȴûԼô
ҲΪ̫ط¹ˡУһһܹǸߵʹ䣬ƣҲԵٹ⡣ǣȣĿȫǡ
κȻʧЩݣ֪ǱЩ˺棬Ѿˡ
Ͼ̫ˡ
Уϸֿʼзָ˿һһҹЩ˶ѾƣҪˡλҪʿڴԽã֮¡κۺ֮룬΢ףҲû˵ʲô
սδһģǰ
յζߣ˵˼䣬üʲôպ˵ûʲô𣿡
˵ˣŮ˵ǾΪ¶ġ
εԷʲôͷļҵŮޣ
ļҶǣҲŮޣܿ϶ǶͨŮӡǽ쵽ģǻһҩû˵λ͵ģֻ˵Ҫ¸ԷͬСɣµˣڽ˰ڿ;ӣҩҲû⡣ˣûв׵
˭νϵļģһϸ֪һһ޼ͨŮӡһҩģӴĿҵˣ²ķϣζܺӡελԼݽĳʧƬ̣ȥȥء
˷׷׵
Ȼβδȥȥͻأǰδ顣пͷòʧ񣬺ο»Ƿǳ˶ڵҪ¡Сʱδ֣˶ʼڴʱڻˡȥʱɫ糣ʱȴɫ࣬ɣҴˣŮӣӦǵŰݷõˡԭΪͨŮӣЯݷãҲӦͬ죬˭֪ŮͶѲᣬ۽ǵϸ̬һü˳ۣ㷻֣̿һ糾˵ϸǱ۳¾ɣݿɲν˵θڣʧʼﷺֹΪʲôŮ˴Խˣһָĵλá
ɫսսµŮӵ˵
Ҧǣ
ε¹ںţĳóȻϸϸʣԵЩʱ䡣λ뾲һλĻתȥǶλ˭˵
Ůһ糾֮Ůӵӽϴɣ
һ񣬵Ҫ˵ģһԼʮһǰľ¡
ο˽֪ŮҪ˵ľһ޹ؽҪ£׷װʮһǰʲô¡Ůӵҽ˼˼ǸƤģҲǺһɣʮǰ˸ˣ˭ϵǸģһȺ󺺣ҵҾͱˡ
Ů˵֪Ҳ֪ĨǣһЩŮ޾ڿڣһЩƵƵü˼˼ҵӾ͸֮ǰһˣ˭Ͽһۣ˵ҵˣԭȵĹӰҸ˳ֲɱģֵӲ͸Щ͵ϽһǵĿҪ󲻸ߣʲôһݣҰҲܴպϡ
˵ϣЩܲˣĿıѳ˳˲׽ΪҪŮӵ˵H¡ס˵ȥȻ˵صˡ˼˼һ죬ͬһĽͻȻӵһ⣬ǶʮˣȥһطЩϽý˱꣬ڳ϶ˡȴòԾ˵ֱ׵㣬ҶҪôƣҪôӵģôǮȸģô˵£ǵ˻ع˾ֱӶϳ࣬ûκ֪ôҲ˺ģ
Ҳôģԭȱĵ˼ѱĴ棬˼˼˵طֱӰǴһԺ³˶ûôߡôô̻Ի͵ķӣȫϹ۾ҳи꿿ſذףǱýǽȥţôֻˣһŴϵĽŸˣʮ꣬ǲð˽ˣֻӻת

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˼˼˶ǸôһһóǵĿұȥźߴɵˣһ̶ͣһΪǸ͵ĺӣû뵽ǸľźֻźûҪһغˣּɫôǮ϶벻òģΪʲôҪֳģȥ˻ȻиЦһһŷִһӣӺ滹Ÿˣ
˵Ķǣס˼˼ҲŷһֱӺ棬һЦеĺȻһ£ƿ˴ǸЦøˣЦ˵˵ףҸŮˣкܶ𣿡
仰Ǵ˼˼˵ģͷëȻֳһ΢Ц

Ǹϵİˣһǽƣ
֮ڼ֮һǸܡһü鴦֣Ҳأϼ˥֮ʻҪŮѰ֣Ϸ硣˵ȥʵڲô档ʹʧϱԭ˼꣬Ϊɷǰ죬ջ춪Ҳò֮御ĴѹȻڼղϰ̾ʵ򶼾ãô˭֪գȴһӲªࡣ֮Խ˷
˼˼ҪҪȴûղǽǸֿŽһЦһ߰ϴһӣԴ廨ˣ˵ҲҪͣ˭̣ŸֲΥ棬ֻüʮʮһʱǸúȻУ˵ˡȥһȻûˡǣӺǸ˵ûҲͣ
ŷ̲סô˵ҲףġҲ̫Ҳ̫
˼˼һˣҾ֪ˣǿ϶ҲӲˡȻºǶʮϽãȫɱˣһ
κ۵Ϊε㣿
˼˼Ҳ֪ҵʱధ˵ҲҪǮˣҾ˵ȥ˭֪ûɱңҴһһؾʮһꡣҲżȻ˾ˣ˳
κ۵˭ȵ㣿
˼˼֪ҲûֱӼҵˡλҵ֮󣬾ԸòȻİ֮ܵͽƭˣһ죬ҲҪ֮¶¶˵ָǶʮĽȪ°Ϣ                        

86 ĵʮ 8

     
κ۵֮£ʲô֤𣿡
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κĵΪ޷ЩͬʵֵԣԲѡɱİɡ
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κ΢ĵǴţαؼţܣε֪
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ֵٶˡտ̫ˡûֵʱ򡣡

κЦ֪ѧʱ˵˺üҪ棬㶼ҡӦһ㣬ֱӰϹôԵôóԣ
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ʳϸʣҪ˵Ǿ͵ñ֤ûκ۵Ҳ˵ˣ԰ɡΪ㲻ϲʣ¸ҳˡ
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գκ۰ѵ˵ʱĵһκѾߵԽԽԶˣһ·ϵָָǸ
رԼˣôĵطһ飬ԼɹĻ¡ļܡ׽ɽȻٹ۲ϸ΢ı仯ڴÿһӦ
κ۵տң
ҲǷݱֽ۳һС飬˳κָķȥֻһͨɱֱ֦Ҷչкüʮˡκߵ£Ȧɣ
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κ۵òһĵһãҹġʦŵңˤ½ҡôϸĸ첲ܽסɶԻˤһȡ
˿ȣΪΰҹ
κЦûΪʲô֪ģҾϲҹ졣     

87 ĵʮ 9

     
˵ţץס֦ʼ˳ᳵ·ֱϴڣӽĵطκ۲ͣţλðɡ
һï֦ܵҶһų߸ߵģƺЦʱøߵˣڿʵҲôߡ
סʱκ۵ۿ˲ˡ¿ʱĿѾģˡ
վ£̧Ҳһ£ûƣǣ¹ϣ˶ôƺһ㵭Ĺ΢ͷɫרע߽ƺ˫֡
Ȼ֮䣬κӿһ쳣ǿҵĳ嶯
ٵȥһΡ
и˵סңҾ͡
뵽Ҿ͡ʱκ۱֡׵ˤ˫Ŀһˣһκ۱˸ţ˵˸
˳Ǹ˹ĹӣȴСǵˣ̸ȡϾһӴȻסκۣȴ΢һ£һ̾վȵˡҪſκʱȴκ۵˫ֽ§Ĳӣá
κ۵κҲǲȥ۾䶼̴ζ
лл
ˤЩҲˤܶΡˤϣϾǻۡ
иܽסǾٺòˡ
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ĬƬ̣ء
˺һκۺֿվֱһúû˰ĵȥɣ
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κ۵ûʲôÿˣǰ߾ǻĽҰأӿɿˡȥҴ㿴һط
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˸Źȡ̨֧㣬ǣȼλǰͭλΣǰҲĳ͡
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κŵ֧һѾһСңͿˡȴٳٲϲ㶦ɫһ𰡡
û飬ǣǸԷ֧㣬λ֮ǰһŽߺָװ¡
һΣΣݵĶȫһ¡κ۵ˡȻ֣µؽ֮ͭС
κ۳Թ˶ޱȵ˫ֺʮĬ壬ݷˣҡ徻ˡ
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κüͷԽԽвԤҲԽԽŨ߰ɡ
תڽ߷򸾵λ֮ǰؿ˼ͷźһվεû׼ͷҲڿ֮⣺ȷʵӦúúùǣƽ׵صǰǵۡûǵ徻
κɨһۣƽصϸѣ˰ɡ
ε㣿κۣûԾͱǼɨسˣʲô߰ҲҸĸ㣿
κԭѾҪԽҪ뿪ˣһ䣬Ȼ㣬㵹˵˭߰ˣ
ֻһˣ˵ʲôܵûҲһһܽЩԽԽĶ⡣
μʲô߰ˣҾɡΪӢۣλӣ뻹ҵﶼˡ˵һأ㻹Ҫڶأ¹㶼ҪȣҽǣǺΰ󰡡ΰǣ㻹˿λǰ롣¹Ǽǰǻӽ㣬ĸҡҲʹ졣
κۣΪ˭˭˽Ǽҵ
κ֪һֱҪˡ  
븲֮£ξòκΣҲϵеκһɫοǰȥ룬ͻðˡ                        


88 ĵʮ 10

     ָԼûʲôȴûκ۵ΣԼ˵ЩЩʲô𣿱ݣôҲһ֮ڽǰʿĽأ
ҪѽΣô־⣬ɽУ⻰˰ָ˼һĨݣݷ˵ŭݾЩơҸĸǰǵľ˭ǶλŪ˭ҵĵϡ֪͹ˣҼҸĸǰôҲǿ㳤ģҶ㺦
û뵽ô⧲һȭκ־ŭѿںȵұ죡
ָ㰮ôȥ»ڴϣҪҪôţҼңҵǰ
¡κ￩һĪǱο˽һĻ
µòεȷԳȥκۺˡѭͷСָķ׷ȥƺԼиκһЩطѰһ׷ǡ˭֪պþͿκۺһ½رһšζϷֿĻ档
εһļƤ
ȻⴧĪԭĹϵֻΪκѿĹĻɡûκĻʲô岻ǣϾǴСһ𳤴κ۴δֹⷽȤһֱȰòŮˣĹŮûȤ
ֱôپԲѻֵܡϻκۻ֮һֱճκ۵̬ҲǰȻͬȷֹϵˡת۷ֲ˵κһ仰ߣ֮ÿһﶼɱرζһʱ֮䣬ͷĲ˼顢С΢ĸмȻ˺⡣ֱκ۰ãѹõķŭ±ѣûǺ
κǿʲô㡭ϵǸ
䳰ȷǸΪʲôǸΪײǵĺ𣿡
κŭҵѶѣΪʲôϵҾϸҵǸ㣡
ԣɫһЦһûġѡ㾯ңʲôңλеܣõط
κۿɫ仯ΪεĻУûϸ룬֮ô룬ͷŭһڣһȣ˦ַɳһ׭㹻ûУ
ǵ׭ֺֿݣнҼһըըһġβûϵκۻͻȻ֣Ҳûȫָ˱˸ţͷѪһ˼֮ɫϵָɳ̵ų˹ȥܳʣһ֮ǰսﱬѪ˿ãҪ𣡡
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жһֵɺ졣ͷĿѣѪڴĿڱ֮еεδػ䣬׹ϡ
ڲװˡ
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ζһͻȻĲ֮;ȻʱȻŭ˭㵽ģôң
ǿְ̣ѽһƴġҸ¹ȴ̲áǿһ۶ɱ֮ĳ嶯Ȼ̤ڲͽܣ
Ϊԭ˶Խܱһη壬ԾرУ˿ȴκۺ֮ǰֱ˺ݺݵһӣһ˵ĽۣҲû
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Ϊѽϳκӡ
Ѿʧȥ֪κۣվ
ʲôаϳκۣôϣΪʲôң
صΪתŽ𵤣ģ

89 ĵʮ 11

     
˺һ󣬽βźȵ˵˵Щʲô
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εұ죡ҵĽ𵤡ҵĽǡ
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ǲѣɽʱ۾һڲһ֦쵽ɽʱһƬʯ֣˿ʱƹȥ
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λͣס˽ŲȥܽţЩŮӵѹúܵͣǺˣôҵġش𡭡
죡
Ҳشǲɫɢ֮ӣκӤ˵˼Ÿ˵ң˵㱻ȥ˽𵤡ǸŮӷѯһЩ㸸ĸ⣬شһʱ򣬺Ȼŵһζʧȥ֪
οȥ޲ҪסԼĶˣô֪ô֪ģ
Ҳ˵ҾκҲҺҽ㣬飬Ҳ˵ɽϣֻڵ㡣
Ϊʲôʲôɽɢ˵֮أκԼҲ֪Ҫȥôطĸײɫɢ˸ûһôСĺ͸¶κʦŵѶϢɽֻһɽ
˻ߵظͬ־䣬·ҪɷڸԼͻĴʻƶ˵˵ĹˣҵĽΪʲôᱻ޸
Ľ𵤸ûб޸ͱ׻ˣ֮ԻΪ޸ˣΪҽ㣬ɽõҽʦ飬κӵĽʳˣ
Ͽհһ˲ˣ
ΪΪʲôҲ㣬Ϊʲôǲ彣УΪʲôѵϲﰵָ˵ûнΪҲûãֻΪ彣ȥμЩҹԣҪԸҪȽд裬û˽𵤣֧һγ֧Ų˶á
δվԭأĿ̣ⷢ촽ϵҲãͻȻ㣬͵ؿڻһƣѣ
һƣӵϼ𣬺Уƻصؿڣţ
βסǰѽûжκǱߡãһ֮£κ۲ҰǻմѪήģһشģĿ׹ߡ
ѽȥȥУȥκһطÿһ˶ѽ㿴û˭ܰεó֪Ҿûѣ㣬ôǿһˣһӶں˱ȣ֪ԭԶҲȲģ
һץ㣬ײײسķȥ
ܱߺ״ƷߵײͥԺһϣվæתȥˡiݴ˿̲԰ޱȣɫҲһνϵãѱκ۵УˣͷҲصﳯһȥ
ӣ㣬ȥ
̨ǰ˶٣ţҪҴߡ
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94 µڶʮ 5

     
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ߵһǽǰҿȷˣܳˢˢˢؼĿǽһд֡κ۴չȥһдȴ߸֣һΡ

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κ۴ûģҲû˵ʲôֻҡҡͷԡͰְģκĵָҪȥɦ򥡣ֻ쵽һ룬һץס

95 µڶʮ 6

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96 µڶʮ 7

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97 µڶʮ 8

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98 ڶʮһ

     
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99 ڶʮһ 2

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ʣ裬ܵʲô
迴һκۣɲ𡣺ȻسǸӡ
֪
سֶӡ
ȻʧЦ磬ʲôҵȻ֪ǸӣҲֶӡΪһʲôɱڣ
سĬҡҡͷԽ裬ˣܻҽУһʲôµ顣ԼŰɡ
СһֱϵãǳڿȥҲɫµ񣬽úһĿȥˡĬĬߵκۺسߣʵʵġ
תûڵ˼ӿ춯
һɮӦǣὣعС
κ⵽Ǽﴫصʯ죬ƺǺܶڶĵʲôصŵĶ
˵һûʣκô֪طɱ˵뺬ɽˮǡ˴ġ
κ۵ڷƵ˺ôһݵҵָһ𣬲ǵô
ǵҵӦ÷ֿš
κ۵Ƕģܸܲңľʲôһҵĺģ
ЦеصĵĴۿɲ͡κȷҪô
κ۵ŶǻҲˡ
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سƭ˵ʧ˷ºѱϣҲﲻæˡ
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ʱڹ￴ɱiһĻǸˡϢسʧȥģҲƲ⡣
Ըɮˣ󷨡֮һһ
κ۵ôȷһ
лڷҪҪýɾ衣˭֪ǿ˼΢΢һЦȻˣȻκ㶢ȻҲ᲻֪˵ΡѵκӾ˵ߣһ𣿡
κ۵ˡ
سκӣȻڸΪʲôûкһ𣿡
κ۵Ƿͷжˡ
سȴ˵ˣʱôͷж
κ۵˭˵ģ
˵ġ
κۿһۣس˯ţջߣԵɺϲײסһ䷿֪ҳˡ
ȴˣס䷿
κ۵˭˵һסһ䷿
Цκ۵Ŷ֪ˡس˵ġ
κ۵ǻʲô˵
سȴûпЦ˼κӣǲǳʲôˣ
û˺΢ЦתΪ࣬ˡκûףΪʲôӦôԭ飬ʲô£»Ӧλɡ
ʾѣسŵļˡǸ
ȴЦˡ⻹Сء
κЦڰټҶҪȥַˣпıˣܶ
ңֻˡô꣬Ȼջû޳ļҲĲ̰
κ͵ؿʲôأʲô޳
ԣسǶˣһɫƺڿǲǹװɵκ۵ͻȻһ˰ϵĶǻ･ǿŵʲô˼
ʲô˼κӣ治׻Ǽٲף٣Ҫúˣǿе˰
κ۵治סֱ˵
س㵵κӣңһôãһ֪
κһץסҪһ˵ˣ㣬˵տ⣬ʲô⣿ǲǣǲǡ
س͵ذֳأŵ㵱һ֪Щ޺ôûؿǰӡ𣿡
κ۵޺ۣץסسĲ֪ңЩ˾ôģѵй𣿣
سɫǺйأѵԼԵ޹Ūȥ𣡡
߾һкɴ˿漰ȴǶϸκ۵飬ŭ΢̽ʵ㡭𣿡
κ۵ҵļ䣿ƴȥʲôԼ˵ģҲǵʲôʱСУ
ȷʵһμģ塣
Ѫϴҹ죡
һΪѾңҿַƣĿ˽ԼǰڿԴ󷢣ϲɱ䡣öݵɱˣֱµʬɴԴԴɱ¾ܣһѪͿ
֮κȻǿ֧վ㱼оԼ뿪Ƭ׳һķϳǣȴкóһʱʶ塣ѹʱѾ´ܾˡ
س𣿡
κ૵ҹһΣңһֱΪԼԺ߻ȥģѵ
سüҪЦˣκӣҹ쵱֮жԵģǶٸˣǧ֮ڣʹôţǰ㾳ȫˣôܣ
κ۵տտʲô
سʲôԼǵãҲ㣬ҲȥʡǺã˵
κӣһϲΪһֻɱ֮ȴҲǿ֮ĩ㷢ʱˣò˶٣Ҳ֧ţűܳǿվȡˣһҡҡλε뿪ϡ
ʱڳûж˻ѣҲãֻݽߵһһȳ׷㣬ץʹϱܳһȥ
ʱ֮ҲŻָϻعѰ֧Ԯҵ׷ǣᱻͬ۵򱻲ɷ˵ɱۣ常һʮλնʶмӵǰѰգ꾳ҵǵټһɽǵʱڶڵһʯͷϣ֣ڸһֱڵ˵
ʼգظĶͬһ֡

κۺƣۿ죬˵һ֡س常Ȼǰһٺǳ⣬͡ϵᱻҵȴ˵ûʲôý͵ģСûײ常ҡΪ㣬ⶥײ͹ͬͬԴʿǵ򣬽ʮλǰǶˡ
κ˫ֲͷңҲ֪ġ
ظĲ֪Ҳ˵ʲôس̰Σǵʮ޺ۣһξ꣬һһˡܸ֪жʹҪɶãһаͻ֮Ȼ췣ڹѵʯǰ˶ãȥʱ˵κɴοϼӴˡȴ˵޷ΪԴΣ۶ԴԸһекǼ˵˼ȴСڵ֪֮ǿ壬ҲһҪȥڿһۡ
߲ڶʱζ˵ο㣬Ϲˣܻ᲻ʲô˼常ŭɶСʱӵܿģʿһ˷ȾⱲΨһµһ㣡ȴ˵ȴ˵㲻֪κӣ㱻֮ǶΰٰģÿÿҪȴ˵㲻֪֪ΪʲôҪЩٶ
κصȥЩʱɱԼΪ֪ŸЩٶ
Ȼʮֿ¡֪ǵǰѪϴҹǼ£ΪԼһֱ֪⣬Լ֮ĶЩʲô°
һʼ̬£ΪľԼ֪Ȼ̬ܿΡˣǡִԼߣýлӽΪʱشӦ󣬰ٰݣǧݡκۻٳƶӵϷŪòܿӲԽء
ôղڿջȻƿԼ᲻ҲΪΪӷһʱ
κʵǲȥˡ͵سȥʿǰκӣҿ㼤顭
κ۴ʱֻؿջ嵽ߣ״εظԼ飬һŤסɮˣƨ
һ£߰˶κʱǰһڣһԼְѻ˵꣺ֻ㣬ûҪܵôĺѾˡ
һɫĽХŽŰΧסκ۵ӰˣջصһСϢڹǰһۣɫ޶κһţҪ˵ĻȻֶһ˶һΣֻ૵صտ
ŽسĻöˣէһˣϲһκ۶˶ӵĿ⣬ɫֹŹ̾ɣұ˵ˣκҲһġ
űܳһҪȴЦ˺岽ɡ
κۺȻоһϸ΢ʹسġ𶯣
Ŀκ۲ϣɫס
һϸɲǳɫϵκۺ䡣


100 ڶʮһ 3

     ̫ϸˣͿɫϣۼ׽ټκ۷ңû˼עģԼҪ
κ۵տˣ
̼ԥ岽üˡôѱܳջС
һҲˡκŭ㲻Ҫôߣ
ͽеôˣҽҪкԼַסԼأʲô
κŭ㡭
δ䣬䴫һƤⱻиľʹҺ˳ӻ䣬ɫɷףôܲҵأκҲ룬ﰡ
һһ
Ǻ֪ô
á
س̾һ֣£סԼ
΢΢һЦǡ
ǣſ
κȴտңл˵
ʲô˵ɡ
κ۵Уܼ
˵Ҳԡ
ֻһ䣬˭֪κۻȻ˵Ҳǡ
˵꣬κ۱˻ߵغտңҸղţϴģ



һɣһоϸ΢ʹһʧκ۱Ȳسȥ
ʯ쾪һʰ׹壬ڻûӦһϾȻѵֳ˼˿ãȻ¶ǵһακ˫§סһΣȴ·һ鱿صľͷӲ˫ֶ֪šκ۵տҸղ˵ģ㶼𣿣
촽˶Σ㡭
˵һԼ࣬ɴ䣬ûж϶ʱ򣬴˿ȴϵޱȳɡֵ㷽˵
ƺظһȷԼûֻԣȷʵ̫ˡκ̺ɵ׼˵һΣ˵㡭
ȿȣ
سվһԣճȭֵ˴ߡƬ̣̾κӣ⻰˵ʱԣҲ԰
κ۰ҲûеصǸǶԲסһٵˡ
Ҳһٵˡתͷûڵ𣡡
һɮ˵̫ˡ
ɫףѿˣҲû£ֻӿٶȣ
δ䣬ߺȻһҰ׵Ƭ֮󣬾է𡣽죬ɫ΢һƮббϸС˿κץԭͼؿڱǧ籡˿Ʈϣ侲Щ
س磬ˣȥһܰɡ
سѾ֣سȴȫ֣ദֶ죬ֻǸһЩ˼ƢҲѳνֲЦˡοسԭǸûʲôƢˡżУ֮롣κۺڲΪǽᶼ£óʱ˾ĴЩʿɮڴ󷽾֪ѾжˣȻûڳκ̧ͷһȴ
̨ϹĹüĿ续֮ѰĹ˼ִüĿ˼΢ģ񣬾ȻԼԼЩƣһˡɲһԵĽô
էãԱһԵĽȴԽԽ񣬼ˡκĵѵǸôˣͳټҵ׶ҪԼģһ˹ݺ𹩷˵ʲôҲ֪а
Ȼ𣺡
κ۵˼ءеĸţسͽ裬κ֪ۡΪΣسͽ趼ŲԶҲԼͬԶ
Ƶȥ쿴κ֪ǲǻЩ㱣һΣȡκƽ
ʲôκ֪ƾǼ仰»ûһӼ߰ȴ֪ЦôãŲ֮顣뵽κؿƵģ۵Щټ롣ֻ֪øҩ
տ㣬㿴ҡ
е㷢š
һκ۵Ҽĺܲǰ£кܶҶ벻ˡҹǴΣǼ﾿ʲôһҲǵˡ
ԣ΢΢ۡ
κ͵˫֣ץס˫磬ŵǣǴڿʼ˵Ļ£ҶǵãһҲ

κ۵رáϲ㡣

߻˵㣬㣬Ҫ㣬û뿪㣬ô㡣

һӶһҹԡ

κ۲ָָָָĵϴҷҲʲôһʱҲǰΪм㡣֮ʲô߰㶼ûУֻϲϲϴ˭ҪͲСԶκ£ôôҶϲֻҪԸҡ
δ䣬ȻһХ룬˹ڵ
֪䣬ϸ˱꣬ҡײĵҲѱˮϨһƬڡ
κ۷ˡڰ֮У͵ؽס졣
ĺҶ٣ɳκ۶ϵ㡭
κ§ǣ
㣬Ҫ㡭
κ۴ǣ
û뿪㡭˭ҪͲУ
һظκ۶˵ĻһκһͿ޳˵Ĵ
ÿ˵һ䣬κֱսһ֡κ۱ۣϵ˫ҲԽԽҪԼȴԸ֮£޲ܸ
ʲô塣
ǵű˴˽ı޿ɱܡκĸܵˣǿڷģǷݾͿĶȣ䡢Ϣʧ֪ǲǴһΡ
ʱһƫǰȥ˵쿴Ľִżʿ˻ɮ˶Ŵ磬һһңîŰ¹ˣϡ򷭳һöһֽȼˣµһĵĻΪҹеΨһȻ⴫ߵߵ֮졣
š˶˾񣬳ȥŵɮٴУϢѽ׼šɫλ
һ˵ң

˸ƣɮ˰ţЮһڡ
һźЩ겨Ʈѣɮ¶ϴšѱʪɫ촽ϣֳֽһˡţҪ£㿴һϻûֿκۺ
ǰòų˵Ĵɫһ䣬νȥһµģ֪˴˿̱ضƣ
ô£
;Ӧã˳ץˡ
߽ͷһ
ûˡιȥˡ˵ŰӵϡֱôأҲˤġ
æǡҶ𣬶СĵطŵسԡسһֱˣʪܵҷһιȥģȻɣӦϡ۷ӵ;Уץġ
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ĴǱ˶꣬Ҫ˴̼ҲԹ˵Իһʱˣ㻹ǰһΪ侲ļӣ׼˵ʲôʱ򣿡
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ĸԴСʰ˵ӣҲǸܾԼ˲ģ
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κ°ͣⲻ˾ͼǵô
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Ϊʲô
κ۵ȻͱˡСʱÿ춼ԵؾԼǸţ˲𡣶Ҳôãһ˵ء
ͷ𣬵죡Ҫһƴȴκһ§ñ佫λס涯һͣԥò֣κϴ̽ͷǱ˰߾мӵģ˺²˲ˣ
ԭҲǹ˼֣κһ˵͸вʣҪٷ̼䣺벻˵нŷɥ棬Ҳ
κۺص˵˵Ҳֻ
ЦҧĽ֣ЦͲ𣿡
κıȻˡȷ˵ڲտҺ´տһ¶
룬ֵԲջءҸоȷһ¡
ˡκ۱ҪʱȻϷһЦ
һ˻ˡ
κ͵̧ͷȴеأǱߣĨûüɢ·ӳѩǳЦ⡣£棬س趼סˡ
֪Զһ˪Ц·Ȥףû˼ЦӣֻԵعһǡ˭ûϵЦݣȻһ֮¡
κ۵۾˲ִԲ
Σʺ¹һ֣տ㡭
ڴʱִߵߵ֮졣
һѳУ˭
Ӧ𣬴͵ķѣ
Ŷķ֮УһתϵؿڣƷɡײһֻľԲϣһѪڴҵɮҲನ𼰣ſزһӰżȲ֮С
꽻ӣȴδʪֻ°ڵɫ΢һЩֳһֽɡžɡϣˮɽϵ⻹̿ܡɫ֮ҹ


101 ڶʮһ 4

     һе˾ˣ
εĿɨȥصУ֪ң֮ǰʲôܣ
˵꣬תߣ⳯κۺǱͶȥδԽӣ彣ƽ֧δȥλû֣Ȯͣһһ룬ֱֱȥκһУʱëȥɢտ
ԾסӦţڣ
棬ֻεǶһ鴤ԭƺеͷ³׿סԼĲӡǡǡɮ˺ʿֽЦһ֣ڹ֮һĿϺ磬Ϻմ˶ɳȥǰֽɡȵ֮СڶˤһƬһ㾷ζ£ɡȮŭֹһԽеӣģӣҧҧ֣
سȵ
δ䣬ӹ󷽴һȻѾԹаһοȻǳշʱڵһߣһʿĳ׿ֽɡסѽְγ˫ָһ͵ཻһ
ѽ໥Ħ̶ǹ˽
ʮЧƽⷽʽȻֻһ֮ʵ̫ˣ
÷·Ҫµƣسֳϵ˶ԣ޷̣˽΢΢üھְ§κۣ޷κһŹзһְסˡ
Ӳһ˫ֳֽһɷ羰ƶħһ߳ȥɲɱȥԼ߳ˣ߱ŶһɱҸʰ·硣
ϵ˦ȥһܣôģ
βԣûǿֱӭֻܲܣΧΣԼϾǲǰ赽ܣ׷ҵģһ·͵ȮȴҲҡ
κ۱ţҲôˣڳ˼˼һභһת飬΢ЦͣģһˣѦһ·ӡ
ȴӦκûش̧ͷһԭ䣬û˵ֲûشˣæ֡ʱȻһתЦô£ӸղһֱǱ߿Ǳʲô𣿡
εôɶҪôϻ
ֵ㣿ǱûʲôǱʦ֡׷Űҵ𣿡
εȻأһ˭
سҪش
߻ỨֻҪһʼԻͻᱻתעǣðɣκ㿴ʦܼȲģ뿴һء
κЦ⻰ˣֲ̬ǵһˣõ𡣡
ԣεһ΢Ťϵֱ͹𡣽ת̾㿴ʦ֣治װ
һֱѻκ۾򷴴༥Ǹף
ȫȻû˵˵Ե޹ڴһǰõ彣ܣ˾ͽ˰ΰ
εı˲ޱȿֲ
κͻȻҲ͵һ٣иҵ彣˵㣿ҲǶ𣿲ԣ쵽ȷʵûмšô䵽ˣΪʲôҪȥνԼιû
ϸ£κƽЩͻȻĬ۷ž⣬һ˵˭βǰѽԼȴγˡ˹ˣʮǰղѽʱͷ⽣ˣ汾ˣ˿ɾ԰β
νϵһٳŭұ죡
ȴԹЦе˵ȥκӿĶ彣ÿλҲͬĽڡһֱ÷ǳ֣أ
㾿˵ʲô
˲ļһ֮ؽνϣʮҼǵǰʲôȲκģܷһ֮Ϯģǲǳʲôҩ
𵤡֣˵ޱȡټҪλˣϵҲΣյİ׹⣬֮£һ˿
ȵľһ̵˦ضʱҡӭϵҲһ𣬽оһ飬֡Ȼ漴ЦһֻӳһңκǱϮȥ
ͫ͵һ㣬תϵķȥǸҡȴʧ˾˵ģ
ûһֱ彣򽭳Ŀڣ
ɫסؿڡѪָӿѸٽǰһƬϺ֮ɫϵסǵ֮˲仯öɫָ׻ϡʧѪ˵ʱǻԾָ͵̬ġô˻ᣬǰȥ·ȡһ䡣
ѳȥס˽Σس̾Ҷá


102 ڶʮһ 5

     
˵˵һҲھûˣֻʱ˶ǿѡϲ˷Խ
֪ԼܣԾҶײǺȮĿԶԶͻȻһУһ飬֮ǰ˵ĻӿܣҪɱ㣡
ðŴŭɶôûɱ𣿡
ɫ޺޵²⹷Ǹûģ˳ͺޱȣƲô򲻹ܣܵñ˭죡
ҡҡͷߵսپ
Ⱥҽȥߡ
˿ڵϣɫ࣬ԥƬ̣𣿡
ԭĸŶģܹҲֻҵĸĬƬ̣վǸ˹ȥæллˣһǰԼġ
ء
˵κһͬһֻϣȻҲôλöڳˣͷŽ˹ȥаסؿѨλֹסѪ֮ƣ֮󣬽̧Ǳߵκۺһִۣܿ£ɫ֪ʲô
ڴʱһϲĺڵˣ¶һˣ
ɫ󻺣첽߻ص󣬵ץǧСġʱ䲻ˡ
߰˲԰׵ŤǱߣκۺһ𣬽һԣԼҲ˹ȥУһεţ˭ûȿڡ
ɲ֪ΪʲôȴƺǽһȥȻ˾ˣղŽסǸңȻˡ
ε˺ڣұ죡
ȣûǣʹ͵϶͵ϮߣҲԼ֡ңʵκۺȫбܿǸҡûκ΢ֻڣʹ޷ܻõġڱ׾ظ˾˵ۼʮֿ⣬þĸΡ
˺ǳ֮󣬽ڨڨرˡ첻ٿڡκҲʲôû˵
ǻǰҪЦһΣ˼˼ܲˣ˿ӣ˵Щʲô׵ġ
Ѿ֪ˡ
ʱϸ£κ̧ۣɫĿ⼸˵ͣһ̲ס֪
ͷ
κһ
ԭģȴ䵽˽뿪·ϣȻ¾ڲᡣ
κ۵ʲôʱ˵ģ
㲻ʡ֮ʱ
κ۵뿪ģ
ûҵκ۴ʱضѵ
ܹⲻȥ
κ۴һ˿΢΢Ҫ˵ģ
䲻οˣҪʲô
κһһȥֻһ˿ڣ쬵صκۣ˽ΰ˺£踺ز֪˸жǲǸùŸл㰡
ԴǿǼ֮⣬ɫһ鲻ƣæڽ֮ǰһƴ˾ˣ
κ۵ɫҲеѿ
ûָ֪֮ǰӣȴҲû뵽˵ôĬƬ̣ûлҡ
Ρһǣ²رҵȻһֲҸʱ˵Ҽѵн֮ˡ
κȥˣϵˡ
ʲôˣ˵˾ˣʲôǿңΪԣǶҾ͡ʲô
͵֣ƺҪȥκ۵죬һסκ۵ļͷһĿε֣Ŀ͸ŭһ䲻ȴǿýǰ˿ֱѣʱѪӿ辪е˾ˣ飡
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سɪɪɣϣ𼤶ٺ䣬Ƹء
һƿ޴Ľ裬ȻʧѪѪֹסӿɫ׺죬ƾʲôκۣƾʲô
κӲصʲôƾʲô
εǽҸٰҲӣҲνϵļ̳ˣôѹһͷ֮ҵҽ㻹нΪ㣬ֻʣһûûĽ裡
һ𣬼ͷҲήˡκ۶˶촽û˵ʲôعס֡ͷλģκۣΥԼԡǽҵ˭Լ˵˵ҵһӷң˫νϾ˫ܣԶҲѽң⻰˭˵ģ⻰˭˵ģ豻ȥˣ
Խ˵Խأȥˣ¼ҵˡǳǶףԥ˵ӾӣǼҵʲô¶ˣ˻ȴÿÿɼƲѣʲô֮Ŀԣԣʲôңҵɵһ
ǷǽҶ٣ҲúҲܺ𣿣ƾʲôҺ񷴶ԲˣƾʲôҷҪôǣʲôҾͻñĹԲҫ۾𣿣Ҳú𣿣
͵վֵ̿صڽ֮ǰҾ˾ˡ
һƽĵſˣ𣡡
ǣһƺ󣬽ȴסˡ
κۣسȫˡ
Σˡ
һߴᣬһҧгݵصƾʲôƾʲôң
ȭͷҪұˣҪԼգ˵ϡ
Ӧǿ޷˵κ۵ġʱ˿̣תŽ𵤣ȴ޷޵ֱ׳
κ۲֪ôش
һʼΪϣĽΣԲž
Ӧߺݷʲôμúչ˷ֽΡһǿʤƽ˵ˣ֪£һ죬ʹѿ޷ֱԼԶһȥĿǵǿű˵ȡýյĳɾ͡Ϊͳɾ͡ӮҲˣûʸǿʤˡ
Ϊ۽ͽû֪߽֮£ͺжΣڱԼҲй֮ˣ߽㲻Ҫң㿴ҲΪνϸġ
ο޵ˮȴѺ
ǰ޵ѿԣǾܵ¡ȻӽԺÿʱỵֻ̈ҪŽ𵤻ڣܹתͻԶǵָܡ
ŵ˵ҵһӷңԶᱳνϡԼ˵ġ

ĬƬ̣κ۵Բʳˡ
ҡҡͷ֮УΣȻ͡Цһ
ʱˣҪ˵ԲǶһġ


103 ڶʮһ 6

     
ǴֻּһΣȴǱˣԼ
ȻԲ𡣡
κ㶣ò˵Բ𡣡
µ񣬸û˭Բ˭
κֵ͵һҵġ
̧Ѫ˿ۿҸףĸףҽ㣿
κ۰˰̫Ѩˡȥˡ˰ɡ
Ⲣʲôϲµľ¡ٱȻһԼʱʵĸܣҲ뱻ȷǿѣʲôһָж
ǰ£طοΣʵҲûʲôˣ㿴ôûǿŽ𵤣Ƿˮعˡ˭˭˭Ҫ˭˭ڣȷʵûƵعˡ
ƾĶۣûôѡ
ô׿
ܵġ
ʮ߰κۣʵ佭ΡҲǿʹˡͨǽˣңңȣ˦ùͬʮ֡
ǣÿҹ˾ʱշת࣬ߣ뵽Լ޷ͳ֮;ǶԶҲʹĿľһʱ򣬷һ룬ûа룬ⱲӶ;Ե֪ϻһ·ֻǸͷӵСͷӣ·ţ͵ˣӣӣ޴лᵤͻܺܶࡣ
͵Ǳ𣬻͵ûеõǿŽ𵤡
ôԼĴˣĺܺͱһ˳㻹аٵһԼľ硣
ǣѾǰˡ
κ۵㡭ҲǼˡ˵֪Ը񣬿϶һֱŵģô˵ء
ץ֣ԽεľáȥˡѾ̫ˣûҪپˡ
κݺһĨȥᣬһ۾
ʱϸس۵ɣתѹӴӴСС˼ǿԵɵɵصĶ
˭֪һͿκۺһϣͿȥˣһҽУ·ҪιȥͬʱӹĴһ֮ƺʲôƬ֮ȺصʿҲҽ
ɫ䣬һ΢Ĵ̱ζƮ˳سͬʱüĿе֮ɫ¶ţӰײײس˳
Ž˶ɫ԰ףİ֮ڼô
ͷ΢΢亹߳ûôŶˡ
ִ᲻ֱ۶ڷƺǿʹ࣬뻳ȡһֻҩƿ򿪣ȴ㡣״æӹҩƿҩŽġͷˣüȥüͷѸչ
سԥƬ̣ʵôˣ
΢΢һӿһ˿ѪǿЦһʱ
ȡҩϣֱֵһƬɫϸƬƤ·Ǳըһ㣬ˡ˺һƬѩ׵½ָ΢΢ƣ󡣡
ж
£ϢƬ̱ɱƳ
Ϊ˿ں󣬽Ҫȥ쿴æȥ
ǹɴ̱ǵζɢκۺҲһֻͬһ֮Զһ߸ߵһΪ¿ĹײбһԣϻһֻڵӣѾ򿪣ϡİ̴лݳǴ̱ǵζЩ̣ȻĶײ֮Ժ˵һʬ壬ǷſʿǣѾһ߾ʬϵĽѩۺɮ¶ʴֻʣڵĲƬɼ̶жء
ǰ棬ԽɢĶֻ̣ڵһ䷭أһ
Ҳ̲סˣ˵ľԵողŻָ˵Ѫɫ̼ʵøɸɾҲ֪ײҲǿյġ
سҲ˵Ĳ״𾪵㾿ʲôˣ
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κ۵߾ɾԩˡĶͲġԭģӦҲͱ˵ˡ
ٽָκۣǲʲô
κ۵Ҳǫ顣ҸĹڿ˵ľͲһֱˡɻǵą̃ϣ㺴Ƿţ
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κ۵ɵЩµطǰŮ̲ݣɱ̲֮ԻͻȻͱѵűûƶ𣿻λ˼˼˭˭ͱ̲һȥνϵ˵涶ܣȻһһʮزЩعһڵĶ˶̰ʱ͸㣬ʲôܣ
ʱһɮ˵зĺۼ˴һڽ
Ȼ˽ȵǹתһȭڿչ֮ϣ˿飬ֻܿͷ΢΢
κЦû룬ǻһֻȸǸһֱˣʱ˿̣˵ڰһһԣ˵ˡ
ˡ֣ϣһ˲˼ԳΪ־ɫ
ЦκۣЩƵĿ֮
סһ˿־ת˲ţѸٿסνĿ֮˿ڴһ£ɢ˶̵ʣµװ
ǱߵĶ
촽΢΢ףȻѾˣǾһҲˡ˵ز˾
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˺ɢɢץ˲ٵطֱۡؿڶؿڣץ͸ǣ͸ѪϾǲӦܵͻ״ӻȡһöҩݸ˫ֽӹǡȻٺκ۶ԣתȥ⿪·˿ڡ˵ǲʹֻڵרĵϢ˶ʣʿֽڹȥලѲߡɣЩλεĵ۾ֱˣûлҲҳسĽ䣬˺ü硣
κĵԱտԹأԽмӡ
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صת
ڵͷǰļצӡҩǣΥһ䣬Ȼؾת
һתκͽ趼۾κϵЦҲ˲ˡ
ŵȻ㣡



104 ڶʮһ 7

     ŷӦؿȻļѾ¶ſؿڿһƬƤϣܵʮСһڶ
ǧٿĺۼ
ңǱµĶۡĻЩ׶ɢ̶ȣʱ𵤶ӦѾ˺ڶ޷ʹȻܷʹôĴͷôЩۼԴֻһ͡һȥˡ֮µĺۼ
κ۲ûŬҳ˭ͼΪԼվ˺ãã޴ټϺѾԶԶҳǸܽģ㲻ϣˡ˭֪ҹȴ̤Ьٴȫѹ
費ɣҲسҲɱһ𣿡
Ϊʲôô룿
ǻ𣿽ѫû䣬һиͲᷢһνɱ˽ͽѫƽӵܣΪ̳ɶ֮λɨϰµ䣬ţǳ˭ָʹ𣿣
ÿɷƺǱĵϢκŭЦҵҸԩ޳ͺ㲻죡
κӣ㲻Ӧԩ޳ܹల£ôܣԭԩ޳ģܻиȿͷͱһġ
κСˣ
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κ۵ͽѫг𣿡
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ѵͶ˸̥иüʲôʸĿˣƾʲô˵ģ˶ƷԸ߽࣬ƷԸ߽ൽʮһµʿЦ
κҪ˵ȻԹߵЩ죬ƺ￴
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⵱ǸԽܡ
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Ȼܺò޷룬̫ԩˡʵԩ治ȥԽѫ䣬κҲΪԭΧ˵ġ
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κ۾ȻЦˣô죿ҾȻ˵ĺе
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϶ǧٿ䵽ɱҴͷβһıľܼķգôҲν⡣Ҫ׵ǣκ³ҲεģǺܴΡΪʲôô˶ַ棿Ϊʲôйص޹صĶҪźΪʲôһ浹˺ֻ𣿵Ȼǡһֵԭ㰡
Цһس֪ҪŪǷˣȵ
Ϊ΢Ц٩٩̸ʱϡϡѾȥ˴ͷֻܳԵСϺף㣬ոؽ룬һΣղɹκۡ˿һӵ˵֮Ƶ˵ǣʦֹϵ̫ãԴҶлɳˣȻǷѷĿ;Ʋô˵νϸǿ󣬾Լǿ󡣽ǰʦֵ̬ȱֵúһ㣬Ե֮˼᲻ɴݣ֪Ѷ˲ͼ·֮һ˿ݣҲɺӡ˵ΧڵҲһء
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Ϣϣָָת磬˳
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سΪ̫࣬ҪסÿһʱٷһΣᱻسѡߵسǰ
ҪȥȻǰˤһ׻ĶԽһ⾹һ߰׻壡
һŮſڵϣ泯£Ť֫ƺ볯ķȥһ̳Ů˼һȻվײײؼ֮֡бյýڣȴܲ˫۾￴µԹһնɢûһͷһȴ߾壬һץסĽסʱһӴ޺޵صκۣ
֪ʲôʱ򣬹ϣѪҵķ䡣
ۣڡѾκ۳˲ƳĶԴԴӿ
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ĿðһƺըѣϹǰҪȥκۻȥķ䣬һ
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ɲǼ䣬滢ڱѣѪһֱ۶ǽڿ졣׹أסұۣҡֱֳܳһסκ۵תסκʵΪϵؿϡ
һϵбʶڵ֮䷢գۣЩϵʿŷӦȻѪ֣ؿڵѱѣܳķâ˽ĺ䡣
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سҪ˵ȴȻɫ䡣سκӣ㡭Щɡ
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ʱֻһЩԹسһĿ⣬űķ˵֣𡣡
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سⳡ𣬺й𡣡
ЩԹ֮ǣ޹صĿ𣡡

105 ڶʮһ 8

     
سɷһԭί
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ۣǰģһϻĴãΪʮŴԲÿԲ϶ƿͣмɫŮӣе̻¶磬еɢңеھƿϣе˿ιƣһ塢顣
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κĵģȻǸŮӡѹЩԹ鶼ǳģֻȫ̻ŮӺοͰɡ
ԵľƿЦܹԼģѵеĲҪ
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ԴǿֿԴӷ²سȷʵһֱʱ˿̣س޷̷ֻ̾һҪڲ߻һʱҾ˵硯ٽˡ
ڵҹϣشǣû·ˡ
سʲôû·
΢΢üֳҪ໰
κҲѵǵôѽôҪ໰
سҲ֪ſжġһ飬ȴ̲סҲ׼һ㡣
յһš


106 ڶʮһ 9

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ȴͷɬҸû㺡ɡڻǰеġʱҹζ࣬ۡ
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Ҳǹɱ֮µģֻǡ㱻鷳ҪԵͷԤκɴڳ˶ɱˣ
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ת裬裬ôܸңΪʲôΪʲôҶЦӭδܵõһݺɫ㸸ײһȴܸ֮ͣңΪʲôͬΪһ֮ӣ㸸׿ʵڼӶԼĺӣȴԼӵþһ㶼ңԼĶӶëȻҪԼȻָ¡ȥɱһʱܷʬһɱļΣ
Ϊʲôͬһ죬ȴڸһӴϯͬգµһŰһӴӽ̨һ㣬һ㣡
¶˲صüĺ⣬ֻǲǶԽǶκۣǶԼĸס
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۽Ǻ⣬ֱͦڵϣ΢Цǡһƥʺ𣿡
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ô˵ģǶŮˣΪŮ˸߳һأҪ࣬ʵʶ룬鷳ҵ֪Ҫݡʵʵԭذɣƻٺ켸꣬°뱲ҲԴöȡ
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˭ϵΪһ֣ȻԴԼ伫ϸϸȴϾһŽѪ֮жǸож졣
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쵽µʱ˨ڶˡܼ˿һڵӰһŶ롣
һƺܣȻֹܿ嶯ǵηķ򲢲ǶǶκۺ˴Ӵݵطֿһ˲ܿȻȻվһ𡣻ͷһκ۵
ײڵĹϣͷ½ųϵ͹һͨһˤŵӡ
κͽɫеѿɣе磡
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107 طڶʮ

     
ҧڶϱмʧѪ࣬ͷۻiһ˫ĿֱضʱɢһԵֿȳһѪ˻ߺȵŸʲôססſǶ
õϵʿųֽΧȥͷ̱iƻɡڶִҩۣҩ̾ͱѪߡۺȥ˺Լ½ֹѪԭͱײĺͺĶˣʹ˺˰˺ֻͽʹࡣ˹ȥ˺Լİ¸ǡسɣ˵ȫϵҩҩۣسҩ𣿰æɣһֱģ͵æɣ
سιȥĲ࣬¶΢΢̡ʱֻͷҽУiȭʿһҳȺ࣡
κۺڽκͽ֮ǰκ۵ôģ
֣ȥ˵ȣȥӣڿջûţֻóȥڴҡûӣͿڽͷߣʲôȺ˶֪ΣգΪһģȥ֡ȫޣҪͽ˺ǣֻܺһ·
Ϊʲôڿջûҵκ۸ʡ˯ţѵھ˯𣿱ȻҲǳȥˣȻβͳȥȱӡͻȻ꣬ȻҲǴi֮ʼġ
ʬֶԭаο߷ͬһʬ
Ⱥϵʿ䲻iȴϷǰ壬ȻǵĽնiϣնо֣ȻһѪҲɣس̽Сӣ־ڴص磬ңǡ
iûͫʵ˫ŭĿԲ͵ץس΢΢ףѱһʣiһ
س磬ǻɣ
ɣҲϵˡ
κ۵ֹǲϵ㣬Լ˭ϵãiȻһ߱Թʹʬ׺ֶƬ̣ٴǰԹأҲûߴ󣬼κ۵ѣ޷Ϊӳ֣΢·硣ڵϵĽѪ֮ƺֹסͰϱܣ⶯ʹi־ע⵽ǣƷ󲽳ȥʧС壡ܣ
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ֱܳiĿڣȻűֹǰiͷĳһȥץٻرܳһУץ˸գ漴һٷУ̲ݻ˼졣سҲ°ѱ͵ߡκһѻӳʮŷ׭iȥȻЩ׭ûi㱻Թȼڿճ˻ҽ
iŭųץȥκͽ趼ǽǣ޿ˣֻðѽԼγʱ޷ʹӲͷƤӭ죬ɿҪˣ
iȭһ
ǽΣҲǽ衣
ǽǣǰֻץiֱۣԼаγһ˶͸ûѪֻһɫ
κ۵
ȥ޲õ˲źá
㣿㣿
һȭ̫󣬲ţһţһ仰˵㵹ȥ
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ԭ޼꽫Լһƴĵ֡СηģպлᣬһҪκӤǧд١κۣɱȥɴʱ˿̣֡ǰͬһȭĺȴְ³ƳȥҪ϶
֪Ǹˣ˵ǱһˣǱնҲδ£֪ΪʲôˮǿƲסض
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κִڣЦãϵô
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طڶʮ
سѱ΢΢Ųκӣ
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سףʾصǡ
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״˷µһػֽϡ㵣֡ǽѾɣƮһ˿Ѫζκддؼʱ̻ҵ£
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Ȼiй죬Ҳת˿չףһӱǸͷ汳ϵ˭κ۵Ҳǣסˡiһĳ˹ȥȥ
һ𷽲űڵصĳȫiࡣͷһݣ⻪תԣǰǿŵþʾޣκҲ̲ס̾һƯiҲⱬһƵһ󲽡΢iٴǰĵץֽسǱȥֻiĺ
ʹiȫ㵶ǹ룬ɷסӵǸȴһ

108 طڶʮ 2

     
һ֣ʹܽiҲȡһʱ䡣ȻѽȻע̫ĳܼޣӵ;ȻһΪءiһƣȴš
ݾʣת˲šûü³һѪ˵ԣĿ˲Ϩ
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ŸӲĮζǰһģһǽµģᶼŻȥˣ硭
سת˽棬κۺҲԴ߼˵ӡȻѱƳЧɱԭѶˡʱһһ˽еκۣ
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Щʣس޷˵ԼȥʹýԡƲΪҼס־˱ҡ㣬߾iһݲңһ·ϸң
˵꣬ͻȻȥ˷´ؿڰγκˣ
سǰѴ֮㽫ٴסӣܵٿҲ첻ȥǽ۾ҲץסοദˣһˡκȴͻȻӦȵҪӣ߾뿪
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ҪܣҪƴһسiߣͬھ
ܳ۵糸ųǱߴȥiηǱܳҲ޷ֹһСس֮ߵľ롣
Ȼֻֻɶסسʱòд͵ؿһƣس˳ȥ
ԼiŲק˹ײ߸߾𣬾һֻżɲ֮˫iһƣʹֹһͷɢһߴų׹⣬˻ƿڴiҲ裡Ϊ𣿣ҡ
Ǻһڼ״Ѫڳ˶쳣һ
䷢һ˿ʡͷһĿٿ


109 طڶʮ 3

     
سƵ˺üδ׵ʯ֮䷢ʲôüĿĹ񱳺һģײǱ߷ȥiѾͷʬ壬һصĹϮְҵõ˻ȥ
κһԾϣڹؿڡ׸ѣҲֻܽ׸iˡiڵһһƵĻҪκҲ֮һһ𣬶ᣬЩ˼£ָ޷ֻտ죬һ𣬼Ӹ˶ٶɢ˲ɡ
δ䣬Ȼκ۾Լ߶бˡס˹ײĵһˣһ
Ҳ˵ƾһֻ֣߳ʵľסڵˡײϵһ񡢹ϵκۣ˵档
κĿࡣ
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ȴȻ治ɫֻӳһɫҡһ㣬Źײĺ͹ʮȦΰһȻǵڶȷiͽѾס֮ŶȻɿ֡ľһأ죬κҲһᣬӭȥӸţ漴ȵطڵϡ˫ǧ֣κ۵ʱȴޱᡣ
سű߸ҷǿڹײģʧɣ֣ǰ˻ΣȻءس磬û°ɣ
سɣղţڱ͵Ϯ𣿡
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ڰسϸ롣
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κ۵ôģ
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κ۵Ҽǵúʱվλãûеܵķ򰡡
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κЦЦûô˵
ɣκ˵ʲô
κ۵ֻǺȻһЩ¡
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κ۵˵и˸һţв֮¸֪¡ȼûѣ˵ʵô˼ֱǶһ١
Ҫعһ˵УΪʲôֱع⣬Ҫصȥ֪ͨˣ֤
ɣ硭˵ˣԲл𣿡
κ۵ѰɣýŸҲ֪ѡԲлʲô壿ȥû塣һܰǳЩؼˣĻһֶһ٣ضĿĵģҪٳĳ£ĳ
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س˵ҪﵽĿģֻΪ˴ߴ֣
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سҡͷô˾ʲôǽҷѪϴټң
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˶٣κ۵ҪĲýѣҪýΪСһûκηתء
ɣˣӺͿʼ˰
κۿ˿Ȼˣ岻ܵ𣿡
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κֵ˵㾭Ϻܣ𣿡
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κ۵ôĲʶĪ𣿡
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κ۵Ҽǵɹҵһκ棬㿴ȥȫʶҵģʹ˭ĪôҲղصָ嶼ܿҲǾȥҽ߿ġĪʶһҲû
ɣץץͷκ̨֣ôҲÿ˶ҲܶסҡȥеεصĪʲô֪е㡭϶ǾҴŲţûҲְسҲһġ
κ۵Ŷǵȷʵ߾ҲǲʶĪġ
ɣǰɣе㲻ףҼĪΪʲôҪװʶʲôҪ𣿡
κЦЦûʲôֻǾ֣һˡ
ȴȻ̽Ī𡯣ǲĪˡ
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ΪʲôǡǡͳĪׯøոκײ˸ţǳڱĵط
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Ѿʬˣôźã
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ҲΪ˴Ī׻ɣĹӿƵĪе֪һоһֹϵаʱĪб
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Ҳ޷ӵĪѪ󣬶ɣҲû׳ǿžͿòסɽ󣺳֡
ԴˣƻɹʼԼķȥѰiʣµ֫ˣΣն鷳¶κۺֻҪмǵĶ򼴿ɡ
衢˼׷ǵС·ɱèǴΣ˹󣬼ǸڸΪָ·ĲڵġԻʣĿľҪȺµӵǡ룬ʱκۺһûػסǣȺӵǳκβأ˽ҲҪ㵽ͷϵġ
ܸ֮ĳԽԽãյĶͽµĴµİѱԽԽãԽԽԽá
ñܳĽ⽫ײԱֻϻӷ˹ȥɨһ̵ģκ۵ͷ­
ϻԭӦװiͷ­ġͷ­ӽ̨תƺ󣬶Ͱ
κ۶һͷ֪ײԭװʲô𣿡
ɣô֪أ硭ģӦǶԺҪĶɡ


110 طڶʮ 4

     
κ۵ײȻ˵ģҲ£ԭģӦǽĸʫʬ塣Ϊȡĸ׵ʬ壬һԶɶ孵ġ
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κֵãǸ˰ѽĸ׵ʬˣôأ
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κ۶һջƿĿ⡣
ƲϾֻƲ⣬˭û֤ݡ
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ҲǼ仰ɣ͵ϮͼʱĻѻس񣬳ûͬھϾǸӼ߰ߵĴѻңʲôʱѡʲôѶ֡
Ϊʲôһָı⣬ƿس˭֪ôģ
سֱϽͻǰΪҺ˽Ҳ˽ˡҹ֮ǰΪ˽ˣֲ˽ˡ
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ǣͽ׽֪˾͸ܻдˡ
Ĭһκ۵Ҳվˡ鼸˳ȥˣ￴ⶫɡڹײļ⼸ңûסõġ
·Ϊӡ֤жϣǿڹײִ죬һŭɣһ¡κۿһۣ˰ɣ̻һڸι̵Ĺײģڸӣȥһ֮ǲܴˡһ򿪣֤겻ɢ
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κ۵ʱɫ䡣ǿһ񣬵ӣ
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ţڽŰΧν֣ɫ裬·׼ɱһȻȳе˿ǰȴסˡŵģˣûģɲɣҪվվ֮ܶʬأǽء
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111 ۵ڶʮ

     
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ᶯ˶ҡ
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κ۵֪һֱΪĸߵӰֲ˵Ÿɵ¡

κ۵ʱͶзǷ֮ˣ

ңʱ֪ԡܲԡ
κҵʱһɽģô
κۻΪ˵ȴ֪ԼԼһʱ嶯ԼƲסԼ룬ǾΪΥѵ
ͷúܵͣ·ֿʼʡκɦɦ򥣬ôᰡô׹ңҸˡǿҵĳǣϲ
Ȼһۣǣ
κ۵ǰȻΪ
ȻʱԼϹ٩˼䣬˵ʲôԼս˵ʲôĳⱲӶͲȥȻʵ㵱ʱǣΪҺͱ׹ɣ

κ۴Ц§סһǣտɵ㣡˵˵Ҳţ
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ЪĲݴ¶δЪմʪİ£ºܿͱκ۰ˡ
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κ۵ľ֮䣬µϢ䵭̴㡣˫м䣬Ķͷһ·ȥ
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ᣬǣĿڡ
·ޱȡ
Ĵг
СȥԱ׾κ۾ſ룬һģģƳ֮µǸӡ
ַȥǸ˺ۣЦҲ˺ܶ࣬տңǲҲйأ
ĬƬ̣ûʲôʱҺȶˡ
Ѫϴҹκͻ֮󣬵ȴľաڼ䣬ȴֻأƶбϢ
һδõˣȥ꣬ɽɽҰ˺Щ죬˴ӱһ̳һջԵԷʲôҲҲһͷһƬ⣬һĲлꡣ
عϵ;УڲһЦ
ƺ㣬ܴǺ˵ζȥȴʹһֱյۿǻ
ϲζףΪʲôǸ˻ϲ
ƽһκȾƣҲǵһơ֮󵽵ʲôûмˣеˣӵܻܳһʱ俴ĿﶼŲš˵ҿ֪Ĺң淭䵹ز֪ʲôسĿãȻسҪӡ
سһõİӸȴŭӿ˵ҪĲôҶҲȻ˴ɽսЩӡ
֮ؿھͶһ͵κ¾䶴µǸӡһ˺ۡ
ʿѹҲջû֮УǳͷѾˡ
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ͷ΢΢ͻһһ䣬ޱȵصͣĻ͡˵ˡ
κ۵ҳһҾҪ˵ѽտ֮ǰ˵ҪϴǾ仰ɲԵû
ԡ
κô֮ǰûܾʲôġ
΢΢һЦԡ
Цݣκ۵۾˲ˣһƮƮɣ֪ںδ
ǣһ̣κ۾ͱӳѩЦݸǿƵ۽᲻ֹˡ
˫ץŲݵأ˻ߵ죬ĳһвУ첻Ҳɣ
˽ۣ졣


112 ۵ڶʮ 2

     
º󡣹ꡣ
һɽͷ֮ϣһȺֻѣũسɽһƬΧȥ
ɽһƬҰأɽ´һֱ⵽Ұع¹ţҲ޷ܣλ·˵صʿһɽĸԴ
ĺɫʱ֣˸ߵҰݴԲʱ죬·δ֪ǱڣȴʱѡĵزҰݣûһգ龪һ
ǼʿֳֳЩСغᴩݵأɭ֡
ɭƬҰصأʯľĲĹᣬĵҲҡʿһۣȡ׭׼ʼаӦ֣һ
ǵû͸žһ죬һѪģʬˤǰһϡ
ĴһҽУ˻ѣӿţڶߡߡľѪܵʬҲˤ·Ǵʬ꣬ž£ɭʱǼʿụ֮̂ȴûʧ˵ΪߺȵҪӴܣҪţССаˡ
û꣬·ס˲ӣȻֹ
һ
һˣһƬɫ½һֻ˳ĺѥεòɣò⡣
˵䣬һĵĵӣ±ߴʺѪӣҲСȵĶƻζ
ʿʱɫ䡣
ԭţȣճһ裬˭֪ȴʿɫףתȾܣһһ˲ͳɭֳɽڲˣµƬɽͷһʲô˲õĴаЩʿҲû취ɲǼɢ̱ɢӵøɸɾһӵˣˤһӣͣΪ䵥ˣȴͻȻһİվǰ۾һ
ƺһʵİ׹⣬İɭȻƷˡӣλӣй
δ䣬һʬǰѪ׸պú˸档
ŵÿιȥʱӶ˵һ֣ߡ
Ȼֻһ֣оһĪİ·õȻӿһͷҲصȥ
ӿ˿ɭѪʬƺ̧֪ۡͷȥԭϵĺ¿Ҳɵ˲ǰ㽫ѹһϣףⲻǱĺҵĵʲô
һصѪʬڻãȻŬȥһֳϣ֮䣬ޱ顣
ֵֻȻԼˣҾ͡
һֱֻֻסˡ
תסĺ˾ȵģ̫ˣţ𾪣˼Ȼһֻ־ƷңҸû취µˣ

ֲץøˡԷľȱ˾֣ۡŹҰɣ´Ҳˡ㲻ҪץˣҲǧҪҰҪѹϡ
ﶯԽԽ䣬ü˳飬ڳϵˡ
κֵ𾢶ȵΪʲôĻûء
춼ġˡ
κȥⲻҪ𡭡졣
յü·Ҫȥֳٳٲϸɴȥ˵Ĵ޵һֽ֮ͬһֻӵĺڶׯĻ˿ߣܲܡǲǡòƬ̣ǳɫ΢΢һƺԳֲã಻סĻҪȥĳˡκȴһĴ
üи硣

κ۵Ҹ硣и͸ס
촽΢΢һ
һδԴŴζĳνƺˣǶسҲֻһһ۽ֳκյһҶôˡ˻Ըɱġ
Ҫгˣһ䣬Ҳκ۴ˣûܽгڡһֻһ䣺֪ߣ
κ۵һֻץҲֻʣһֻ¶಻㰡
״ƱصʣҸô
κ۵ҽㆪĨժסҵֲͷˣ
ЦһذĨչκۿ
ȻѸײڶ֮˫ϴ˸ᣬصذκֻصְͷϹ̶ס׵֮䡣ڴʱݴͻȻһС
˲˿ַŵܳϣȴûóȻΪһΪཿۣǸСӣ·Ǳˡ˸ߵĲݴݴԴڶĺۼԽԽԶˡκۺ׷˼ɽ·һŮϲ࣬û¶ɣôֵطأˣ
κһࣿ
վֺǶ죬һһӵ𱸵ҹԵʱܣ㻹һǰ壬˵ĻҺô죡ࣿôˣô⸱ӣһӦŮӣ쿴ûʲôɣôӣǲϱ߿ʲôÿĶˣ
ȷʵǿˡÿĶ
κһۣκ޹ػؿ͵
ûһݱСѵķʡھ֮飬ҡҡͷһ˷صأתȥ־ǡһһŮǷޣڵϣмվŸ˫ߵСԼʮҡŮǸòΪ˵ٸ彣һۼκۣγָȵʲôˣ
κ۵ʲôˣܹˣǱĶ
ŮӻҪ˵ȴκһ
ȻûĨһʱ֮䣬ȷϣ˼֮»ҪһĿƻصκϣһ󣬵ǣǣǡ
عϢѴںһģһ˱ϳ֡κۼм֮ɫòЩ죬ĵѵλʶңҸгǹ԰ҲʶĹ࣡
κۻȻࣿ
ӵ۵Ůʲô
ԭܲСײǵСŮҲࡣκ۾˼һ࣬һСࡣ
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κۺѾˣǱ㲻ҪٲˡκȴǱЩƭˡ
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κۺһۣҲǼٵġûǲˣֻмڷصĹĴŹ֮Դһʱ䣬һ̫æԼˤȡûʲôüϹŵġ
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κĵ߲űȽʧ񡣡һŵС࣬ҲǲҪ⡣
ɷŮڸֱϣյκۣһ߷ߡݵСģκۼǳɫСȹѩɰ۾Ϻڵˮѣššչ˼ҸһԻֻСӣЦеص೤ÿ޹Сʱ򡣡
һۣû˵ˣһЦκӣ˵⻰㵱ǵСʱʲôӣ
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˵ϲڵĻҳĨݸңκԶ
İ֣κˣβŷӦЦ˵ɣӣⲻȴǲǣ
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һ΢΢Ĳȥᣬκ۰Ǯһף֣˵ҪʲôѽҲҪߣ֪Ϊʲô֪ˣһԣ϶Ϊҵ߶Ƕˣˡ
Ķǳǳķɫȴţַɿ죬κ۽¸죬ƵüץţǰԼҪǮҵģôֲˣ㿴㣬͵͵
ȥץסڻˣݰݹѾǡˣ͵
κ۵֮ҲǿѽҪ㣬㶼ͣڱӣҪˡ
޿̵أݺݶס졣

113 ۵ڶʮ 3

     
۵ڶʮ 3 
򸾵ĴգһСϡ
κ۾ִü䣬ǰƮƮĻӣǰϢɡ
˵ͷ˲ǰС
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˾۵Ľߣǰк۶òȣ彣ٿκӣ̲סǺʱ䴫÷зĳλϵһ𡣿ʹ˺һλ¿ȷʵûϵĨûȷ
κҪ˾ƣ˼ˡκͳŲһ֧һӵ£ָһѩ׵ĨЦӯӯǻȥˣŵôˣԵȥô
ϵĲ豭һڣá
κ۵û衣
豭͵ߡ
һֵá
κ۵Ļãûǰȷŵ档
Ƭ̣ҲҪŵĵط
κãȻҷĶ˰

κ۵ҪࡣҪ̽ô
²豭˿һ䣬úý̽еȴȻһЦ
һֻҾ֪ô㷨Ҫҵһþˣڱͱˣߣƶбֻأ
էһκ۸еʮУ˽ݶʮϤ޷ǰѽĶһ̲סϸһʿſӣָ㽭ɽȻ˵ĶûЩϱߵģԽǹʣԽ
ûһöʲôʲôӣĸƤ˿ġ
һ˾һھƣڳ⣬߳Աĭɵ˵˼˼ҲǴϹĹˣϳҶûϳ赹θڣҲǹң
Ҳóַ䡣ˣ
ҾˣôɱǸϼŮ֤͸ڰǲɵ
ô֪ɵǽƵ֣˵ҲǸӣ˵˼ҿζ⣬˼˼Ҳ֡ٺ٣ɸ˵Ĺϵأ
ٺ٣ȻҲô룬ǻ𣬽ΪԼͨ|飬ԼŵøҲѽ
Щͱ֮ʣϤκ˻ħ°ǧŮҹ|ֻΪа󷨣Īĵðɣô˵Ҳȴǿ㡣
ԽԽüͷҲһҲȥˣһ˵СɡֲʲôĻ
ЦǼںʲôûʶǡ
ǣҾ㱻ôܵػ˵ƨ
Ϊڵϻǵϣܵס˵ôбǰٺᰡţ
һ˲⣺ˣ̸ЩʲôԲ˳Բˡǰô˷ˣҲֻڹײiˡ
ҿǺ˼ۺ죬ʬͷñiˡ
ɲǣȥ˷״䣬ǹΧԹص÷ԲһﶼݲҺܻɣǹײܷסһꣿ
ⲻסҲҪİǼͷ۵¡ˣױඡ
״ϣ߾ɫⰡ
ܲ𣬹ײװ֣СһʬȥҹԻҪʬæΧѹչˡҪٲȥҿʾҪˡ

κһЦǱ߼ۣ˵η״仹ͦҹĿ࿴ģɣȻòԭӧʱһΪҪءϾһ֪
Ҳǣ˭֪Ȼֵòʲ
Ǿȷ׷ףκĵʲôʮ˵ϵλ𽥿ʼչ¶â˴ľء
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Ҳ˵׼˵ҲֻһѾûˡ
һбǿڹײģĹιһ뿴ڲ棬ô
˴˭ң
ϡϡν϶ΧƬĹأĸıӵ
˷׷׸͡겻ٷִϲһڣƺǱͷȻȴδı䡣
κںܶϿ֪Բһο
뿪֮󣬻κСƻǣǰߡ
λƵصС¿κȡӣ͵ߡԽĵһԽգ㣬ĬĬ
Ǳ¾䶴ʱκ֧ӡ
Ҳκ󣬹ʹڴɽȷݵ֧ӡ
գκ۶գգۣôҴĲɣ
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κ֪ѵá˼ѵԺһأ̿㲻ҪѽǰҴ˻ô˵ҼԲãӦҪ
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κ۰Ѹ첲Сƻ¿ͷϣת÷𣬵˵ģҪű˶ĺãҪȥԱ˵ĺáﲻҪװôණŻڡ
ҲܼסģڸĸΪĶ
˼ƮƬֱ̣κ˻רעﻹ˵ˡ
ٳٲ˵°䣬ʵ˵ʲô
κ۶ָȻ߽Щκ۸ߵ˵Ѿҵˡ
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ѿ֮죬ԶҲȲκۡ˵бС
κ۳˳С¿˵ģȡ˰ʮ֣ûһģ
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ޱصҲϲ
κ۵ǳǳϣҿֱ¼Ǽҵ׼ҪйӵܱϰҪʣν⣿ͿԸǣôˡ
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κ۵ôˣǶˮԨóɾ˰ɣ常ҪǿܼأͰҺǼ̳Ӿһ㷿ҪǼأǾȥɣ˼׷ҹԻͦá
š
κ۵˵ϵļҹһˣ˵Ǽſɽǰǿѵʯд𡭡
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κӭ翴ıӰ۾ȣȵطԼȻܹСƻϱֲ
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һȻǹ¡תݵĹУƫƺʧĿǰ˵Ҿˡ
֮Ҫѧϰĵطܶ(? ??_??)?
˼дchemistry߳ͻĳƵ˺ƣǳ顣ǰ緭ǽЦʱͬǵѧʱÿһĻҶǳǳϲ¾䶴໰иְԵķСޣȵȡݷ˺齿ѡֻŹͱͱýŭ۶Ҫιȵȡ
ЩħƪĸҴ֡καĶ޷Ŀ֡
ħҶԣǷһƪġû뵽ô˿¡ΪҾ಻˼£ʶܰˡⶼϲ󱯣һһէжʱÿ춼·һ񾭲Ϊһƪ̫֮಻ĵطеĵطôŬȥģǼѶҲѸĶʹȫˡͷٿҲǳɳ㼣֮һ
ҲдһһˣĵĶϰߣҪĥԼ顭ԽȫĴ壬ٷɡ
տصǶĥ±ʸɬСԽдԽǺغĵʱôû꣬ȵĸˣwordĵһ¼سдһꡱʱȴַǳ᲻á
ֻ֪Ľз⣬Ҳ᲻á
죬ΪװĻˣұһʫΪĽβġǾʫǣ˲塱һûΪʫȻбƸƳⲢĿĽ̫֡˸С
ϣģǡһԶ˲ɢ
ԶҲɢ
                            īͭ 20160812


114 һƪ

     
κ۵ҡ
κ۵ҪҸһȥɣ
ҡҡͷȥ
κ룬ҲǣʿһҪĲķв״ñƽʱ࣬кã۲Ĳա
˿Ҫ˵κ̵֪ˡɼУɶɶɶǲǣģҸһСССģǼҹѵʯκһҹ档
˼û¡Ҳ
κصţ
ŷѿڶĻвףŤͷƬ̣תȻûС
κãȻո˵Ҳʲô
֪֪ʣظߵҡ
κۻֵȾ͵Ȇôסȥӡ
һȥӭʵĭɣκСƻһ·񱼡СƻԴӽ֪·˷ܣţκקקסƬĲݵϡ
ݵﰲһٶѩ򣬷ۺһһ飬żĶ䣬͸ɫСƻͷм䣬ҵԼһϯ֮ء
κ۶׵ϣץһֻӣһĶһĵϴʱôֻǹĻĸģŶġ
뵽κŷ֣ȻһֱûСƻǽü̲סǱһۡɻûϸͷ쿴
һӽСŮһֻСӣ֪òǰκ۶Ȼͷһʱ䲻֪룬ߵͨ졣
ŮϵУҲǶ˶һĨκĵ˲ãײˣ
һŮޡһϵŮޡ
Կ̰ļ壬ʲôŮбŮֹܲǲ˵һشСӵǶੲһ顣Ů޵ѧϰϢϸֿԽ׳һܳԼķΧҹҲŮֿҪôȫеģҪôȫŮģһ㲻Ůͬе̰嵽˷ָκ֪ѧʱͻû֪ǷĴŮлɡмƺŮǶ׷ȥ̱ۼѲ֣˼ΣκľҲû˼ȥ̽ˡ
ȴͷһ֪ײ˻ŮޡģŮޣ
κһֱ۷⡣Ҫ߹ȥСƻȴѾײ嵽Ůߡ
κۣ
Ů֮Ժ˳صͷԼ¿ͷ¿ֵȥ
κۣ
Ůһκۣһ֪˵ʲôκۣԼЩ졣Ƭ̣ȻⲻմĪׯ·ڴɽйҴ֮ԵԲŮ
ȫȻİŮӣҲƤЦгοй֮ԵԸ񲻻С˻֣㰡
ŮȻҲӡ̣ϴɾĻûϴɾġŤŤһ󣬽ӵ˫֣ҡ
κӿֻһжԱӣ֣߽Ƴĺܲˣ΢Цιӣ
ŮͷպڲڣκûȤҪҪҰæ
Ů֪Ǻã˵ͷκ۱һܲһڲݵ϶¡СƻͷһٷңûзƻΪѵһܲſпС
ĺܲʮʣκԼҧһأ͵ߣʵЩһֱι
Ůǡιġڵʱ򣬾Ǻϡڣ˼׷տҲڣǾǾæ
κĵտôιӣӼ꿪ʼģҲŸСӹô
һЩֿɰĻԺɢκʵǹϵ
Ůš
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ŮһŰë׵ӣһߵɽǴι󲻾á
ʱ˶ѥӲȹݵصϸ΢κۻͷһȻڳ߹
Ůһæңվʾ
΢һͷκȴڲݵϣЦſŮƺµúܡʵ͵СûĸģŵȹӾܡκں߽˺üСãӣιСƻСƻʲôСƻ
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κҵ˼׷ǵʱȺСǳϲغ˼ûĶˡǲиදʵǲܡ
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ΪĨ䵽ϣǶͷ󺹵ҧĨβͣҲ˵νġ˼Ҳֻ۾һ
ЩΡΡҡҡ׹κ۵ΪʲôһҪ
ܷ
κ۵֪ܷҿˣǳϼѵأƪҶᱳˡǸʲô
涨޲֪
κۣŶ
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κۣ٣ǵӿ󡣡
η
κ°ͣĵ˵ĻԹüаͷˡֻǵѾˡ
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û㵽˾Ǽˣ׷˿뿪ȣκ估Լʱʱ⣬֮ͬУάĶ͹ˣҵһһд֡Ŷһдö
һۣȷʵˡ
κ֪Ҳ˶ԼǶӣСʱ򷣳Ҳ
Ӳ
ҲǡκĵСӵеĿģһһжóƵı׼ޱȣô᷸Ȼ᷸ôܷ
ЦһΪ˵ıġ
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κǱûµʲô
ĿбӵԾġ
κ۴յߣβǾʲô˪ĺĲ
˵κе⣬ô˵Сôǲ㵹ŸʲôУ
š
ǴЩκԽûŸҲ 
ԡ
κۣ˵ʲô
ԡ
κۣ


115 һƪ 2

ô˵ɵȴûҵԡĻᡣΪȵȥչѾõسϥ̸
κиֵϰߣϲѹ˯ѹѹ֮û˵ţ˯šٰھ﷭䵹񣬵˲ٶ
С¾̰壬֡Ļд¶룬ٰκ۴Сʱʼ𣬱߷Цζʵһۡһ˼ǧţȻֻҳһֽһ֣Ȼںһֽسдһٱ飬κΪ֮զࣺģÿֶҪϵ˰ɡ
ҪЩƵĳֽ֮ĺҹ΢ĵƹ
ûŲκһޱȵشϣһ԰ѱӴӽͷŶʱľһ֮ڰ˯ļ
ĶԭϢѡ˯ϢϾҵţĬƬ̣ų齱ȥ
ûͱһͷıסϰ

κסͷסƵϣǿ飡

κ˫ִ³קȴǾţ·ˣκһû˼ˣôһµģһģǿʲô˼
ƵӱﴫҪΡ
κѭѭգҰס㣬ңѹ£ȷͬʱ˻ߺȡ
ֹ֪
κۣСȡУ˺·Ӧþֿƴסؿڲ˺
Ĭһ
Σѡ
κۣ𣿣
š
κ۵û취ˣҪǻǻǿɡ
δ䣬һתӷˣѽѹϡ
Ϊűκڱ˺һһ˿ķĨһ㣬˿΢΢ɢң¼ƣԭҲ͸һ㵭ǳΣƹ¿һߴӵˡֻϧλ־ʵЩ񻰣羫ǯκĵд
ĿĿĵƻȴɫȻá
κ۵ʲôǿ·
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˵ţǶκ˫м䣬ѹһκ۵˰컹ûôˣ
΢΢Ϊβֿ
κȼס뿪Цʲô취һѹȾ̲סԼˣϲ£ĻҲѰססȸ㿴ӻͳһֽտ㣬ôôһҲдòİﶼʲô
ֽһۣһʣĿе˼ȴԲκһÿݡ֪͵ϼεĴ©Ҳ˼ָдһ֡
κۼװĿ⣬㿴գ㡭ʱ㶼ʮ˰ɣʮ껹ִ㡭
ٰдϸϸһ룬Ȼպö֪ѧ¡
κ۶ʱֲ֧ĪССͲд֣ȥˣ
κڲ󷣳ôͦʬװٰɧţ徻Ҫ롱ѣֻǲζġ롱ˡ£Ȼǿһֱһ߼ලһԼ£ֻдһ֣ʵ塣
κ۵ôҵĴֹҿ
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ϢһģҪȥ۵ֽšκ۾ͰƵһֽ̬̰Լ·һбá
ԥذ˽ȥҲóˡ
κۣ̫бˣ
˴ҹ˺ҹײ仰
κۻѹϣ̴ֻ֮Խ˶ģ۵绹ðɣ
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˶ģκ۱ôƤһֱĵףôŤŤ
ұչص̸ֳ꣬ġ
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κһͬӵ⼸£һֱڰκ۵ϢȻʼͽ޹ԡˮѴκ۴ӱͰȥκ۾Ȼһˮһ߼˯׽סֱ֣׼£ŵ߲һ䣬˯ʵڱƵ÷˱ߺ۰׼ڣصԣԣˡㆪһš
ȻһǷſԡͰԵ˯
Ȼ֪ˣκҲֻỻط˯ȴǼֲиÿ϶îʱʼȻ治ɫرʮΡ
ȡؾңڹֻűīֽ鰸ϣȻѼ˯κ۴ľͰ̳ɾϵ´Ŵȡһ飬ڰ
Ȼʱβͣκ׼ʱޱȵشֱͦͦһ´̹ڻѣϰԵȡϴϺ˲˵㣬鰸ߡκǲҧһƻͺʳѵҪˣǳ˳飬ǼҲмôȳôû⣿
ƽذѸղűκҵķĨãȹ
֪Ļʳκ̹ģˮز˳ưԣ۽̣Ƥݸҩģʲô˶ɢһֹĿζˣκ۵ҲֻԵ⡣ǼҵļǳԲԲõġ
κ֪϶ĳЩ鶼Ϊأϯ磬ͬڳвĵݣһĥ˺þòȡʸ˿Цġһúñ֣㶪ġ
˵Ǽ磬֪ļȴκԼʶȫͬ
νϵļ磬¶УʮŴŮٻϹϯƺҽСҲᵽߣһŹ죬죬ҪʲôԼȥãϵļȻûȥǼҴӲڴмݻϸڣʲôҽˣɺأ̵ذĿ
֮£֪ļȲ֣Ҳ
ϼҽϵ£ʳԣ޲δ磬ϯҲһﲻ˸ո˻ǰк񣬼Цһİ£һľưĨһȻľȻ·ȫһģ̳ġ
һġТκۼװûע⵽˻Ŀ⣬̵мôȰɥ»                        
лҪ˵
ڴʱسˡκߵŶ˶
ʴԼһκ۾ҪǸɴѡ񲻿ƽǰسɣҲǳǳЦ⣬崺硣Ȼ֪ǲǱչ£κȴã߾ƺ˲١
س򵥽˼׻硣
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ǰǹϵϰߡһصĺԲѣĿУָй⻬ҿСɵոһȻһƻƵҶƤݸ
ǿţκ۵üͶ¡Ҩһͽ׼Ҳ̲סĿ
һŴζܾ޴Ļлع첲ǿ֧壬ĵǺУһǿɮ
κ鲻Խ뿪ʱУǿʢźŹĴź㣬ƮʮøĺӶǵԺǽˮֱ¡Աʱ˿̣֪ӦͬڿζԼ࣬ͬСЩࡣ
ɿ˶治ɫغҩ黹ʮ֮Ȼ̩ȻκҲ˼ѡңǧԣǧҹǵöʳҲҪģ粻ʳʣɷ롣Ȼּҹֱ˼ôֱ
˭֪ҪӲͷƤѹŹֵҩͷһˣȴȻԼǰѾˡ
κۣ
̲סֻµĺСѣĵźһڣи©ˣ
ʳϷྻûˮ
κ۲Ŀȥǡµغһҩոǣһѩ׵Ľôǡ
κۼǵһѾͺˡ
֣ʳƺȿ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Ų
κۣ
һüǱ͵ͦ찡
·һۣƽƻĿ⡣


116 һƪ 3

     Խһκ۾Խǰ಻סɧ
ָںСϿ˿ֻۣϸ΢죬߲׾ƫ硣
κ֪ƫƵĽǶٵ壬۽ҲһŹһһǣֻСѾװҪõģתתȥͣźȹλãյıԵ
Ȼ˫ԭ˶ϣʱδ䣬ڰ֮µʮָȴ΢΢
״κƮƮȻһʱɣҪᵽȥͻȻǱߴһΪĿԡκæѽ᲻ֱˣָΣ
Ƭ̣ſʼʽˡ
ÿʳСˣÿССһǰף͵κѧʱĻʳֺ޲ôˣ˿ζޱ仯һ£һʹȻκۿζƫأϲʳⲻصĲɫʵûθڣºҽ˶ǣȫ֪Լʲôڼ䣬ʵĿʱʱɨݺݵض·͵ѧʱһʱ׼ŵƫκһ̬عذ֣޼ƿʩֻա
ζͬ˲ͣǳӺʳչسʼܽռ嶯򡣿ֻ˼䣬κ۱ĲɣǴҹԵĵص㣬˵˶ûǵʶĿӣɽ뱻üΣһ̲סڴϡһ磬оգҴææؽˡ
ƵĿƵḶ́Ƶɢϯκ۱ȳ˽һʱζȣ޸ˣû·˰顣ƫƫ֮ʻؽسҪѵˣһѵѵ
û˿ҰһȦСһҪкץ˭֪˼׷ǵһɫ䣬ͷߡ
κȻεһƬΪУһ󣬷ǼСѲֹð˳κǰǹⲻ㣬˵ˣ˭ҪǸ˵ϼѵͷβ
ǹӵܺʵͳһƣᵽָֻ֣һˡκ۵û֪ˣǼκӤҲһˣǿס𣿴ǾԼֵĴðײ˱ˣһҲ⣬
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˼׷ϴԼ˽һȥҹԵģԡ
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ʱκ۲ŷпտաʱѾ֪ʱΣռҹ棬˵ȲҹΣǽҪڵ꣬ɡʲôֹʲôκֻܶ˾ͳԣ˾˯˾ã˾ܡͬعأֱͷϵģٶƣҲֻܳ̾һ˰ɡ
ڴʱ⴫΢춯鱻ƿһߡ
ˡ
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κһꤴӵ磡һӸ㵱ţ
ɫذ鰸ʳĲһһȡκƮԣֻѩ׵ﶼǺһƬĻϲ۷ź̫ˣôרŸҴҪɶֻܽҡ
ȡһ˫׵Ŀӣϣʳԡ
κ۵㻹˵޲أ˵ô໰ʱôֹҡ
һۣκ۵úúãҲ˵ˡǶˣƤô˼Ҿϲһ㡣ǴӲǼ˹ݴô
ÿɷκ۱㵱Ĭˣ鰸ߵ֪Ǽ˹ݹûУǰһҳԣȻǼҵķˣҿ»ŲǼ¡ЩŽм簡
ǡ
κ۵Ҹΰżɣļ
ббһۣЦҸʲôɱˣҿһȥ¹ӵģ飬ԼȥġҸ˵һ仰͵ң˶ٶӣһûأ㵹ֲˡ˵
䵽ߣұǵķǿûȥԹ㣬˭֪㷴ԼȥҶˡعأ常֪ˣҪĽʹˡ
ͷ§סư޶κȴܸоָԼĦָȵ÷̣͸ֱƤޱȡ
κ۵ҺǼҵҩڶǿģԲ¶ô졣
һڡ
κ۵ǵġֻһڣǼҩҲ֪˭ģǿζһ˺˵ô졣
Ĭһк͡
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˴֮䶼һɵҩ㣬΢΢ĿζǸ೤
ò׷ֿ֮κҸողҩǺѵģһࡣ
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κ۵㳢ͦģ֡
ȳԷ
˶٣¡
κ۵ȳ԰ײ˰ɡ
ü΢΢һ΢΢⣬ΪλȻᵽײˣκ۴ЦŹסĲӡ
ν磬ǹȽϺʡ


117 ƪ¯

     
κ֪Ĳر󡰹ҡ﷭һֻϾɵ¯
¯ܣϬβţƻԶΪ¯ȼ󣬿̡
Уκ۰һ󣬵ȥֺģûɱ϶Ǻ˵Ķտ֪Ǹʲôõ𣿡
ҡҡͷκҲòûʲôף˾Ʋⲻߣ¯׼պ̽һ
˭֪Ȼ˸²ãʮ˯֪˶ãκԼȻ֪ľңһƬɽҰ֮С
κ۴ӵʲôط
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κ۵֮أɣ䣬оⲻʵʲô
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Ϫˮӳģǰģ
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ͷǡ
ˮžΥݶãκŲĿ⣬û¡Ǹ¯ҲģûԹԲа֮λʦǲġȵߣɡ
˱㿪ʼƬ֪ǻǺɽƶСʱһСľӳ
κۼСľݣסһô
κϸ˿СݣҾе졣
ľǼѰͨũᣬɹɣȷǷǡڴʱľﴫһ֨֨Ļ
˶һ̸ۣһ߽
ɵľſںһʱһ
ľ֮еԭȵҪ̫ࡣûʲôնͽҲûʲôʬֻһˡһǶϤˡ
ľȻһ
κһһģһĿݣһģһĸˡһضªײϣӲǱһɳʿɷǡһԻԷ֨֯Ųһԣִһֽ飬ϸ
Ѿߵǰ˲СĶ죬ȴ·ûо죬ɫȻ޳ָһҳ
κۿ˿ߵٿȻԭˣԭˣ
ü΢ϸ΢Ķʹڲ죬ʵʲô
κ۵⣬ҵΰ
δ䣬ҡҡλƮһ˳ĺӰϳŵӺ磬һ
ųͷ¨ŸݣɷġκۡĬˡ
κ۵ξξе˿ǣҲȻ
֯ģ̇ͷκۡ΢΢һǣƽӭӣһˮ
κۡµǸݣСľߣˮͺȣ˹һڹ£ŵ̫̫ˣɹˡˣˡп˵ɡ
šȡһѩ׵ĲݸκۡȴЦذ˹ȥ˼ԲˣҪԼ
ҲרעظκۡһܣһҲţղȥӱһˣ㣬ŪҺȣ
š
յһôԵģտôϲǸǧҪģԹһΣҪˡ
š
ԽԽˣϴˮộԲҲֻһ롣
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κЦҪˣ۹ǵģжʱ䣬֪ΪʲôΡμǹˣ˾ɽҰҳȥֵأڼ￴֯Ŷˣ㻹˹ǮϻҲ·ÿζεϴˮһϴ裬ÿοҪ·ʱˣÿϧ
һҲαǼ£Լ̵ġֲ֧ĿͣҲá
κ۵ﾡһЩëƤ£Էι񣬹ȻպϴˮʱξȻֹ˼ʹ⻧ũ˼ߵһĵ¥¥һչҹɫ¶Ƣ㡣
ξĵصתˣط˶᲻ʶ˴ǹ֪Ĳ
¥һľﻹеƻ͸κͷǽȥ
֪ΪΣȴһ̬פ㲻ǰˡľ˼Щɡκ۾֣벻ʲôɲԸȥʵôˣ
΢΢ҡͷƬ̣ҪڣںȻһĴЦ
κһ۾һڣԾ¥
ȥˣȻҲͣ⣬Ҳһͬˡһ߽ǼŵյĲңȻ˺ȤĶ
һŵɫϯϣ鰸ԣʮκӤڱ߿Ц
һҳƵͼᣬͬʮտЫѾ˵˲Ľ䣬ŭХκӤ
κӤЦü鰸£׾֣ڣڣ
ߵκҲҪЦ÷ȥˣקԵκãҲˣտ㿴㣬㿴㣬ɫ
֪ΪΣɫȴԽŹˡκһһԵϯЦʱǶ˶ܣ춷ŹǱߣտѰγܳκӤæһץ㣬֣ѵ̬ӣע̬ҽҲ˽ģҲҪҪ
տŭκӤ㡭Ǹʲôˣ
κӤüһǸʲôˡˣ
տʹ֪߳ܣ
κӤҲҪһߣûֶҲš
˰Σտ溮˪ὣϣκӤһô㻹򣡡Ҳӭ˾ľڲڹκۡסһôǵõʱûĴ
Ĭκۿȴźۼرܿκ۵Ŀ⡣κԽԽý֣ҪѯʣǱߵСκӤߴܣߴȤúúãܷţгڣýտѽտ㿴㣬ǸҴأǷſǸöأ
Сտû죬һɨȥ˵˵
κӤһʹ˸ţܹһֱӣֿޱȵտšһ£к˵˵ҪԼˣ
տɫףһҪצӣκӤȴȳ֣˸գЩĵԼת࣬еصտѽտ˵㣬㿴ͬһģĸô̼ܲסˣҲ߯ˡ
ȲʵģҲΣǾֻˡκۿýζտ˽ңȷһ˵Ļ
Ȼȴûע⵽ʱ˿̵Щˡ
ǱκӤĵģҪұ߽߳̽Щɣ͵Ǳļල֮
ĺôãտҲ̲ˣܳһȥ˫˫ײ˴⡣κӤ֣΢΢һҵĽ
ţҪԾȥտȴ͵˵ڵءκӤԴڵϿһ£æҵļ¹˶ʱ߰ŤһšκӤƴȣ첲ײײȥȴôҲӲտ֫ķǱһβƵסˣտտʲôҿЦģЦİɶô棡
տһץס˫ѹ󣬳㣬ղ˵Ҫʲô
䵭Ŀȴлɽ緢
˱ʵ൱κӤһʱ⣬סҪѹڵϣֻװɵûҸղ˵ʲô𣿡
տû˵
κӤֱ׳û˵
ֵտ˱ô尡˵ÿ仰氡˵˵ҲţɶֵġҲ˵˻ſҽ黹ûأ˲ˡ
ԣտɫԻƺ΢ֱ֪ۡκӤһüһ䣬һתһϡ
֪տзκӤһۼֿסѹסָأκӤŤɸĻȣӴӴֱУҶ˵ǿЦģտô𶺰
տĿлԾ˵һժͷĨȦκӤ˫ס˸ᡣ
ûϵչκһԣǿĿɿڴ
ðΣתͷȥߵһ֮£ȻȻɫȻѩף͸һ˿Σȴѱ˷ɫ
κ۲شȥ硭ΣеԾ
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κӤƱ޷˵ۣ˵㲻Щ°ˡѵʵЩ˵ĶȷǲʵҪңⲻխʲô
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κӤһߵüëЦŶͱӲˣ㶮й˹
ͻȻһΪտͻȻסĳ
տһſ̴ظһ飺˭˵Ҳ
κ۰ߣҧĶǰ˭˵㲻˼ҹΣտ˵ʵǲǺԵңû뵽ĺ
ޱ飬ĨɫȴĲӡϥͷָҲ΢ɲ
ǱߵСκӤץסӣ̱ڵϣ˼տʲô𣡡
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Ͽ˦κιϵĨϼޱȣôⲻѣ˦£һһ飬æץӵտϣָʥ£
ǱҵտؿڣȻ䵽κӤ󿪵˫м䣬ҳտͷһĿⲻŲˡ
ʹأһҳպͣһƼ¶ǡ䱼ŵĴͼϡңͼˣӣ
κۼǵãǱͼ޹Ǿûһҳģ̲סٴξ̾ϸڵļӹ̫ḻˣ̾
տͷһҳĿתκӤҲͼʱЩΣڽп಻Ǿöڲ綯֣һ߳տȴڳһ֣סϥ䣬˫ȴһƣ±κӤͿӡ
κӤֻһͷһƺҲˣտʲô
κһԿĳ񵴣˷ܲѣ̲סĵϻ㰡


118 ƪ

     
Ѧڽֱ̯ӵСľԣһڳϣһ׾Բ
õöԭǳԵúģɵ󣬺Ȼ֣ԲŴ׾Ʋ
Ѧվһ߷̯ӡ
̯æǰæ󣬱һ߾ˡ
ͻȻף֮һ仰˵ЦתߣһŷӦ׷ȥŭʲô
Ѧ̯
̯вˣ
Ѧ޶ԣ̯˼ָС˵ӶǮ㻹̯ӡ
ѦĴָ΢彣ﭵĳʡ
ɭɭýֵĽ̯˵ᣬصԲóԡ´ζŵǡ
˵תҡڼǰߡ
̯˾ֽӣŭԣ㶿߳ԶȻıķŭ
Σһŭ𣺡컯Ե޹ʵƾʲôƾʲô
ѦͷҲصذڰ֣ƾʲôϺܶ±Ե޹ʵġټ
Ų߳˼֣һһˣֶУظĲ
̾Ҳת˸͸ҽôһͨ¶ֻøһԲǮ˼ΰʹưǮҪˡ
ѦǼǮ

Ѧ̾ʲô
ҾҲӦò⼸ǮΪʲôżһĿأ
ѦҪʲôǮ򡣾
˵ţ˳ִ·Ǻ«СϰһֻǺ«
Сͷһμֺ޳ܵˣĿɿڴѦҧߵ˵ˣƸС̯㻹ڲƽô
ЦСå̯㣬ǰҶܡֻҪһ㣬𴩽ѩۣɺ֪˭ɵģѰ졣
Ǯ׸СѦ³һɽ髺ˣбۿһСƬûغõ֮ɫЦôģ
Դ֮غһۣ˷ñӣغƬ࣬һѾ
Ѧiģ
ã֣ڻվ˵𣿡
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˳ǣĽҰһƬ콨
Ƭ߸ߵΧǽһźɭɭĳݡ֮ǰһƬ㳡üؿڸߵդΧդ˺ƻƵķ䡣㳡һЩϡŹֵģ絶ա綤壬һЩڵġˡ
Щˡȫɫ࣬ĿնĿĵڿյ߶ʱʱײ϶Է﷢©Ĺ졣
ʬ
ץӸΣòֶʹκκӲԣ˲ٶӡ룬˾ҾͲֻһκӤ͡һ㱻˳Խ˲ڽŵ³Цʱ򣬿㻹ܿ
ǣƴЩκ޹ʿΪã˴ѽǮȺϣϰĹ죬ָƺͻԭϰг޼ߵԶģȻǽһ־ټģСѦ
ƴϲ֮λп䣬ȨɡʬǽصΪѦһأһϰҲ޼ɵϹá
ʬǰʱʬڳ
ʬȻͬã۰׷ֱֳУ˫䡣ǰӣͬʱڣһ߲ΡΡʬŲ˹һյ衣
Ѧ衣
һۣյ׳һϺ֮ݵ÷֪ͣʲô
΢ЦŰѲյ˹ȥлл
ѦѲյ˻ȵصƵĲ裬Ϊʲôȣ
ٴΰѲյƻȥеصΪƵģҲŲҺȰ
Ѧһüתͷȥʬභ
ʬԽԽңѾצãѪɡϵȻζ֮ɫȴԽԽŨΣȻ˸ָ˸ơ
ʬ鴤ŵת棬Լͷ­ʣµͷͨأɪɪ
Ǵã
Ѧ̫ˡ
ϴμֻˡ
Ѧֻźɫ׵֣ȳһָҡҡҪʲôȡ֣˵ȣǺκ۴ٶͨʬȣò֡
ЦαôżҶҪʲôҡˣ
ȡһݸѦ󣺡ҲҪ
Ѧ˷ͻȻκ۵ָ壿

ѦͷĿ⾼һ̧ͷ⵱ױָ壿ʮʱдģ
Ȼ˶ҪͷҲٹ򡣡
Ѧһ䣬˫Ŀ˷֮ɫŨ֮󣬵ȫ
ϺôһɱҵЩбͲˣʡŵ㿴ɡ
Ѧ֧أܰѳܣ
ֵ̯鲻Уˡ
ѦκҪʲô㲻ǻκǰѽѽӻκˣ㻹⽣˭βų˸źÿиƨá
ѦӺûǿѡΪûԹ𣿷ô򵥡ǽѾħˡǾκûκۻˣҲȥԼĽһȥó顣ԣ϶ύġٶ˵䣬Ҫˡ
ѦߺЦ蹷
ʱϵһͷɢʿ
㲻ҪʬãͲˡ
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ԣʿһˣһѪ³˶סĲţ飬˵ˣҾʲô
һһ䣬ҧ޲ֶѦ͵һӣô£
ʿ֮קһקסˣڰ֣ϰɡ
Ѧȴʲôôˣ͵øƵģ˵ʲô
Դ𱸵صعҲһλʿƺʧ񡣡
ʿЦ⣬㻹װģЩʲô
ɫصң޿κΡƾɶǴοɿĴս룬ȴִⲻµ޿أҲźʹ
صΪΪɿ𣿽Ҫɶ֮λ޷ҲЧɽһҶˡ˶ôݺңΪ˵ʵ
ݸֵǵóʱŰټҶῴϵĿΪɱһˣɴӴ˸ǣشͤɽ˱ӽ󶼽ЭƤһ¹
ԣ΢΢ۣǹƽ׵ݡؼ״ͷһڴʱʬ⴫һɧмŸĿ޺֮
͵ػͷֻһȺϵʿʮɫͳһ˽ȺŮ٣̽ӣеڿءһŮһ걻廨󣬹ڵϳ磡
ؾôˣɫɲǲҰֽʲôɱһ˼ɣΪҪۼȫ壿
ͷڣЦеصԼҵɱһˣҲӴ˸ǣͤɽ˱ӽ󶼽Э֣̿˼룬ֻˡ
ط·һȭͷ˵ΣŭԵ޹һ壬㵱治ǧָ㲻³֪˻Σ
ἰiüͷһѦЦüҪϷȥˡһۣͷƽ͵صɲô˵ͤɽҷϣһ֮дɱסôԵ޹ʣ
Ǳ߼˿޺磡ѣûУûа
صһɺԣĹۺúÿ壡滹оĺӣ߶߲ˣôҷϣǺö˶˵ΪʲôҪɱ
ǵȻΪعɱȣǲѽ
ԼΪʲôŤ͵ɭɭĵطģȫݣҸûɱϵʿҴδǲҵʿһҡҡ
˺һ󣬱ҡҸ֪ô£ҸͲ֪
Ȼطı⣬ǰģѽΪ˵׼֮ͽܵľĴ̬֮Цһֵϰɣϰɡ
֪ɣݺһҧջⱨӦģ潼˶潼֮Ҳ³õȥ
ѦζȻ֮䣬Ӱһһ⻮ڴҽ
ѪһأǱߺصǿ޵ĿޣҳһţȻôңǱסѦվڵزĺǰһƬѪܵĶףһԵʬָȥ
ֱӹػģ
Ѧͷһǣǣκ۴ûûҵԿ
ʬأԲҽеĺص˫ȣ׽ʬǾԼֳͷײŮȥޡ̶֧һ֣̫ѨƺһѹѹȻͷյǸ׵Ϻ֮̧ͷѦڱƬͷ˼Ƭ̣ݲ
ѦһӣҪô

ˣʰʰȥӸˣٵȥȲɡ
ʲôñӣͷƬصϡѦֻͷô£
˵ˣһѾ
հѴСӸԼƵأҹ飬ǵýڽ̨ʱܳĸĵˣ֮ȴǺתˡÿνƳȥͬŮ˹ҪڻҽڣòץŽʩŭ𣬽Ҹ¯ñˮΪԼڽ̨ƽ죬ȥ¥ݣʱӽƻȥ
öˣ֪ҵơѰһС¥룬´ֺõЦӭҪкʾⲻءѦ˳ִһ˸ƻŽ¥ǰ˲ǲǲʱ¥ϴŮӽǵЦҲֹһŮӣݺݺ߿߿㿴⻭úòã⻨ϣǻһ㣿ửʲô˲㿴֣дΣ
ϰΪ֪ʲôʱó֣ʲôʱ򲻸ãѦȸƣֹǰѦһɫΪ͡׼¥ȥʱƴҵģŪŪݣۣԼŪƯƯ͹ˣдʲô֣ɨ˵ġ
ЩŮԭֽƻĵģôһ䣬¥һ˲Ҳ΢΢һ͡
һЦǣ˵ελ̻Ůȴʫʸ踳ߵأ
Ǻȵˣﶼóײײľ⡣
ͷô˵ڷˣŮ˻ŪЩеûкáŮˣΪŮ˸߳һأҪ࣬ʵʶ룬鷳
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Ѧصҵġ˭ҪǸ˵ģҾҵȲϸٱ飬ȥҤ˱˲ϸٱ飬˭ģ򵥡
ҲЦˣҿû¡
ѦûУаҲ͡˵һҰȥ٣
ˣѦЩɡ죬пô
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ѦԵѦ֣Ȯָɲɾʲô⣿
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Ǻµ΢һüܹȴǿۡδ˼Ƥ⣬üȴȻһ˪֮ɫ·ΪУܡ
ϸ΢仯ѦУЦһٶ֣Ȼһѩ׵Ӱս֡ȴǽм䣬ұ棬衵ס֡
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˵ž𱻳Ѫ۵ֱ˻Ρ̯ȣʱȴߵڰףֱ׳һЦã˵λ⡭
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衿һۣ΢һף𣬲ȥ
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ѦߵּƫƫΪǵġǸǳҲҼ꣬һµӣ˾ᣬѵˡεģЦҲһƣʲôһ죬˫ۣ࣬ôţ
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ȻСˣֱɱԾ󻼣˻ֳƿ죻ӣǿɲð죬Ѳ׷ҧţ㶯һ»ᱻǧָԣԶ֮ɡպΪֻԣЩ֪ﶼɵЩʲô£ûûˡ
ѦЦšҿɲˡ
㲻¡һ²һ¡߰ɡ
Ҳ߲˼ˣʱ˱һ·ڡǽ̨ʬ
һЦֵ


119 ƪ¯ 2

     
峿κ۾ѵѵñ硣һȶǶġ
ֻ¯ֱץȥصһκ۰˿ԭװ˻ȥȴʼշֲеİء
κ鰶ߣѬ⣬Ϳ϶¯ûˡ˲ð侳ǹҲЧˡǼҲûع
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ȻҡͷˣǱûǰ˼عˡκ۵Ҳգ¯ЧѹպãˡպʦŰݷãóʺˡ
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